Effect Acupuncture for Low Back Pain; Biochemical and Protein Profile Analysis

Suwaji Handaru Wardoyo(1), Solichan Badri(2),


(1) 
(2) 

Abstract

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common symptoms experienced by some of the world community. Acupuncture as a method of healing a disease offers a solution for LBP symptom. This study aimed to determine the effect of acupuncture with local and Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) points with biochemical analysis related to total protein, albumin, and globulin, and analysis of blood serum protein profiles using the SDS-PAGE method. This research was conducted using sterile acupuncture needles that inserted in patients with several local points, namely BL22 (Sanjiaoshu), BL23 (Shenshu), BL24 (Qihaishu), BL25C (Dachangshu), and BL26C (Guanyuanshu) and combined with the YNSA points through somatotope D points and extra lumbar points H and I. Blood serum was collected for total protein, albumin, and globulin analysis. That blood serum was also used for protein profile analysis using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. The results showed that six times of acupuncture treatments gave positive correlation in total protein, albumin, and globulin. Analysis of blood serum protein profiles using SDS-PAGE showed a protein band of about 12 KDa and it might be a interleukin-13 protein. The results were expected can be useful as scientific information especially related to acupuncture for LBP treatment and this of about 12 KDa protein band can be used as biomarker candidates for the symptoms.

Keywords

acupuncture; LBP; SDS-PAGE; total protein

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adhitya, H., Ernawati, R., & Plumeriatuti, H. (2013). Profil Protein Hemaglutinin (Ha) Berdasarkan Berat Molekul Virus Avian Influenza Isolat Lokal. Media Veterinaria Medika, 6(2), 127–132.

Audette, J. F., & Ryan, A. H. (2004). The role of acupuncture in pain management. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 15(4), 749–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2004.03.009

Azab, B. N., Bhatt, V. R., Vonfrolio, S., Bachir, R., Rubinshteyn, V., Alkaied, H., … Bloom, S. W. (2013). Value of the pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio in predicting long-term mortality in breast cancer patients. American Journal of Surgery, 206(5), 764–770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.03.007

Bakthisaran, R., Tangirala, R., & Rao, C. M. (2015). Small heat shock proteins: Role in cellular functions and pathology. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, 1854(4), 291–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.12.019

Bao, K., & Reinhardt, R. L. (2015). The differential expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and its impact on type-2 Immunity. Cytokine, 75(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.008

Bozkaya, Y., Erdem, G., Demirci, N., yazıcı, O., Yıldırım Özdemir, N., Kostek, O., & Zengin, N. (2018). Prognostic importance of albumin to globulin ratio in metastatic gastric cancer patients. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 35, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2018.1479683

Burtis, C. A., & Ashwood, E. . (2001). Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, Fifth Edition. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.1.213a

Busher, J. T. (1990). Serum Albumin and Globulin. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21250048

Dayon, L., & Kussmann, M. (2013). Proteomics of human plasma : A critical comparison of analytical workflows in terms of effort , throughput and outcome. EuPA Open Proteomics, 1, 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euprot.2013.08.001

Dionne, C. E., Dunn, K. M., Croft, P. R., Nachemson, A. L., Buchbinder, R., Walker, B. F., … Von Korff, M. (2008). A consensus approach toward the standardization of back pain definitions for use in prevalence studies. Spine, 33(1), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815e7f94

Doran, E., Cai, F., Holweg, C. T. J., Wong, K., Brumm, J., & Arron, J. R. (2017). Interleukin-13 in asthma and other eosinophilic disorders. Frontiers in Medicine, 4, 139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2017.00139

Ferrer, R., Mateu, X., Maseda, E., Yébenes, J. C., Aldecoa, C., De Haro, C., … Garnacho-Montero, J. (2018). Non-oncotic properties of albumin. A multidisciplinary vision about the implications for critically ill patients. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 11(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2018.1412827

Gellman, H. (2014). Acupuncture treatment for musculoskeletal pain: a textbook for orthopaedics, anesthesia, and rehabilitation. CRC Press.

Geyer, P. E., Holdt, L. M., Teupser, D., & Mann, M. (2017). Revisiting biomarker discovery by plasma proteomics. Molecular Systems Biology, 13(9), 942. https://doi.org/10.15252/msb.20156297

Gomes, A., Alves, D., Miguel, P., Inoue, V., Correia Lopes, T., Santana, L., … Siqueria-Batista, R. (2016). Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sepsis: Immunological Studies and In Silico Investigation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0419.1000166

Hasegawa, T. M., Baptista, A. S., de Souza, M. C., Yoshizumi, A. M., & Natour, J. (2013). Acupuncture for acute non-specific low back pain: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, placebo trial. Acupuncture in Medicine : Journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society, 32(2), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2013-010333

Hoy, D. G., Smith, E., Cross, M., Sanchez-Riera, L., Blyth, F. M., Buchbinder, R., … March, L. M. (2015). Reflecting on the global burden of musculoskeletal conditions: Lessons learnt from the global burden of disease 2010 study and the next steps forward. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 74(1), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205393

Kaufman, E. L., & Carl, A. (2013). Biochemistry of Back Pain. The Open Spine Journal, 5(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876532720130816004

Kennedy, S. (2001). Proteomic profiling from human samples: the body fluid alternative. Toxicology Letters, 120(1–3), 379–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00269-7

Lee, S.-J., Shin, B.-C., Lee, M. S., Han, C.-H., & Kim, J.-I. (2013). Scalp acupuncture for stroke recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 5(2), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EUJIM.2012.10.006

Lee, S. H., Kim, C. E., Lee, I. S., Jung, W. M., Kim, H. G., Jang, H., … Chae, Y. (2013). Network analysis of acupuncture points used in the treatment of low back pain. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/402180

Li, G., Wu, W., Zhang, X., Huang, Y., Wen, Y., Li, X., & Gao, R. (2018). Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with IgA nephropathy are closely associated with disease severity. BMC Nephrology, 19(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-1069-0

Li, K., Fu, W., Bo, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2018). Effect of albumin-globulin score and albumin to globulin ratio on survival in patients with heart failure: A retrospective cohort study in China. BMJ Open, 8(7), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022960

Liu, B., Pang, Y., Bouhenni, R., Duah, E., Paruchuri, S., & McDonald, L. (2015). A step toward simplified detection of serum albumin on SDS- PAGE using an environment-sensitive flavone sensor. Chem Commun (Camb), 51(55), 11060–11063. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc03516c

Locati, M., Mantovani, A., & Sica, A. (2013). Macrophage Activation and Polarization as an Adaptive Component of Innate Immunity. Advances in Immunology, 120, 163–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417028-5.00006-5

Ma, Y., & Cho, Z. H. (2004). Biomedical Acupuncture for Pain Management-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Martinez-Nunez, R. T., Louafi, F., & Sanchez-Elsner, T. (2011). The interleukin 13 (IL-13) pathway in human macrophages is modulated by microRNA-155 via direct targeting of interleukin 13 receptor α1 (IL13Rα1). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 286(3), 1786–1794. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.169367

Matsubara, T., Arai, Y. C. P., Shiro, Y., Shimo, K., Nishihara, M., Sato, J., & Ushida, T. (2011). Comparative effects of acupressure at local and distal acupuncture points on pain conditions and autonomic function in females with chronic neck pain. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/543291

Nagaswara, T., Matsushima-Nishiwaki, R., Hidenori, T., Matsuura, J., Kumada, T., & Kozawa, O. (2014). Heat shock protein 20 ( HSPB6 ) regulates apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells : Direct association with Bax. Oncology Report, 32, 1291–1295. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3278

Nahomi, R. B., DiMauro, M. A., Wang, B., & Nagaraj, R. H. (2015). Identification of peptides in human Hsp20 and Hsp27 that possess molecular chaperone and anti-apoptotic activities. Biochem J, 465(1), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20140837

Radons, J. (2016). The human HSP70 family of chaperones: where do we stand? Cell Stress and Chaperones, 21(3), 379–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-016-0676-6

Rajandram, R., Yap, N. Y., Pailoor, J., Razack, A. H. A., Ng, K. L., Ong, T. A., … Gobe, G. C. (2014). Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-1 (TRAF-1) expression is increased in renal cell carcinoma patient serum but decreased in cancer tissue compared with normal: potential biomarker significance. Pathology, 46(6), 518–522. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAT.0000000000000145

Rostini, T., & Rita, C. (2009). Elektroforesis Protein Serum Pasien Dengan Kadar Protein Normal (Patients’ serum protein electrophoresis with normal serum total protein level). Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory, 15(3), 87–90.

Saputra, K., & Sudirman, S. (2009). Akupunktur untuk nyeri dengan pendekatan neurosain. In Jakarta: Sagung Seto.

Schrader, M., & Schulz-Knappe, P. (2001). Peptidomics technologies for human body fluids. Trends in Biotechnology, 19, S55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01800-5

Simó, R., Barbosa-Desongles, A., Lecube, A., Hernandez, C., & Selva, D. M. (2012). Potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α in downregulating sex hormone-binding globulin. Diabetes, 61(2), 372–382. https://doi.org/10.2337/db11-0727

Siswantoyo. (2010). Perubahan Kadar Beta Endorphin Akibat Latihan Olahraga Pernafasan (Sebuah Kajian Psikoneuroendokrinologi Pada Aktivitas Fisik). Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, 13(2), 157–162. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v13i2Apr.2234

Sumardiyono, S., & Ada, Y. R. (2014). Perbedaan Gangguan Muskuloskeletal Pembatik Wanita Dengan Dingklik Dan Kursi Kerja Ergonomis. KESMAS - Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2), 144–149. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v9i2.2842

Turturici, G., Sconzo, G., & Geraci, F. (2011). Hsp70 and its molecular role in nervous system diseases. Biochemistry Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/618127

Umare, V., Pradhan, V., Nadkar, M., Rajadhyaksha, A., Patwardhan, M., Ghosh, K. K., & Nadkarni, A. H. (2014). Effect of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF, and IL-1 β) on clinical manifestations in indian SLE patients. Mediators of Inflammation. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/385297

Vos, T., Allen, C., Arora, M., Barber, R. M., Brown, A., Carter, A., … Zuhlke, L. J. (2016). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet, 388(10053), 1545–1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6

White, N. M. A., Masui, O., DeSouza, L. V., Krakovska, O., Metias, S., Romaschin, A. D., … Yousef, G. M. (2014). Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals potential diagnostic markers and pathways involved in pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget, 5(2), 506–518. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.1529

Wijayanti, Y., Sutomo, A. H., Astuti, I., & Asmara, W. (2018). Dust Exposures, IgE Levels, History of Allergy, and Symptoms of Allergy in Poultry Workers. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 14(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/ kemas.v14i1.10232

Yang, H., Chen, Y., & Gao, C. (2017). Interleukin-13 reduces cardiac injury and prevents heart dysfunction in viral myocarditis via enhanced M2 macrophage polarization. Oncotarget, 8(59), 99495–99503. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20111

Yatmihatun, S., Badri, S., & Wardoyo, S. (2019). Pengaruh Kombinasi Titik Lokal Dan YNSA Terhadap Penurunan Derajat Nyeri Pada Pasien Nyeri Pinggang (Low Back Pain). Jurnal Keterapian Fisik, 4(2), 100–104. https://doi.org/10.37341/jkf.v4i2.193

Yong-Suk, K. (2010). Acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain in Korea. Japanese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 6(1), 65–69.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.