The Role of Social Cohesion to Reduce Social Conflict in Tourist Destination Area

Suzanna Ratih Sari(1), Nindyo Suwarno(2), Windu Nuryanti(3), Diananta Diananta(4),


(1) Architecture Department, Diponegoro University, Semarang
(2) Architecture Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
(3) Architecture Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
(4) Architecture Department, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta

Abstract

There are some concerns that tourism development may result in the losing of cultural identity including social cohesion of local people. This research gives different evidencees. The research found that people in Borobudur maintain their traditional value to reduce social conflict. Through direct interaction between tourists and Borobudur people, many of traditional values including social cohesion of the society are eroded.  This becomes the fact that each people only tried to collect dollar from tourists as much as possible by ignoring togetherness as traditional principle of their live. This may create disharmony among the society. To eliminate this gap, people tried to tighten the relationship through re-empowering traditional social cohesion called “guyub” and “gotong-royong”. It is expected that integrity  and cohesiveness in a social structure could always be maintained. Along with this, satisfying and maintaining at least the traditional social cohesions of  destination community is vital to reduce social conflict.

Ada beberapa kekhawatiran bahwa pengembangan pariwisata dapat menyebabkan daerah tujuan wisata kehilangan identitas budaya mereka termasuk kohesi sosial masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa masyarakat Borobudur sangat peduli terhadap nilai-nilai tradisional untuk mengatasi masalah yang dimunculkan pariwisata. Melalui interaksi langsung antara wisatawan dan masyarakat sebagai host tujuan wisata, banyak nilai-nilai tradisional termasuk guyub sebagai kohesi sosial masyarakat yang terkikis. Hal ini menjadi fakta bahwa setiap orang memikirkan diri sendiri mencoba untuk mengumpulkan dollar dari wisatawan sebanyak mungkin dengan mengabaikan kebersamaan/guyub sebagai prinsip dalam hubungan sosial mereka. Hal ini dapat membuat ketidakharmonisan di antara masyarakat. Untuk menghilangkan kesenjangan ini, orang mencoba mempererat tali silaturahmi dengan memberdayakan kembali kohesi sosial yang disebut “guyub” dan “gotong-royong”. Diharapkan integritas dan kekompakan dalam struktur sosial dapat selalu dipertahankan. Seiring dengan ini, mempertahankan peran kohesi sosial tradisional dari masyarakat di daerah tujuan wisata sangat penting untuk mengurangi konflik sosial.

Keywords

Tourism activities, Social cohesion, Social conflict

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