Simbol Gendhèng Wayangan pada Atap Rumah Tradisional Kudus dalam Perspektif Kosmologi Jawa-Kudus

Abstract

Masyarakat Kudus Kulon menyadari bahwa setiap gerak geriknya selalu berada dalam kuasa Allah SWT pandangan tersebut tervisualisasi dalam setiap bagian rumah tempat tinggalnya. Masalah dalam penelitian ini:(1)Bagaimana perwujudan bentuk dan fungsi hiasan gendhèng wayangan pada atap rumah tradisional Kudus; (2)Sebagai simbol, hiasan gendhèng wayangan rumah tradisional Kudus terkandung makna apa dalam perspektif kosmologi Jawa-Kudus. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan interdisiplin. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber, kemudian dianalisis mengggunakan alur reduksi, penyajian, dan verifikasi data. Hiasan gendhèng wayangan terbuat dari bahan tanah liat yang dibakar, ditempeli beling (pecahan kecil keramik porselen) putih. Gendhèng wayangan menggunakan pola hias motif flora, terdiri dari gendhèng lanangan di tengah, gendhèng pengapit di kanan dan kiri, gendhèng bulusan pada bagian ujung sebagai penutup. Gendhèng wayangan memiliki fungsi individu, fungsi sosial, dan fungsi praktis. Makna simbolis dari hiasan gendhèng wayangan adalah mengenai keyakinan dalam hal penghambaan dan kecintaan manusia terhadap Allah. Hiasan gendhèng wayangan tersirat simbol tentang manunggaling kawula Gusti serta falsafah dalam kosmologi Jawa mengenai harmonisasi empat anasir dalam kehidupan manusia bertujuan untuk menjaga keselarasan antara mikrokosmos dan makrokosmos di alam semesta.

Kudus Kulon society awared that every movement in their life always be in God's power and everything in their life is always aligned with the will of God and the universe that surrounded them. That cosmological outlook is visualized in every part of their house where they lived, one of their part is gendhèng wayangan which is located at the peak of the rooftop. Problems studied in this study: (1) How is the structure and function of gendhèng wayangan on the rooftop of a Kudus’s traditional house; (2) As a symbol, what kind of symbol that contained in the traditional decoration gendhèng wayangan in the Javanese-Kudus’s cosmology perspective. Methodologically, this study is qualitative research, and used an interdisipline approach. Data collected by observation, interview and document study. Examination of the data’s validity using sources triangulation, then analyzed using reduction, presentation, and verification of data. The results showed that, (1) Gendhèng wayangan made by clay ground and decorated with beling to bold the line of ornamental flora’s motifs, gendhèng wayangan consisting of gendhèng lanangan in the middle, gendhèng pengapit is in the right and left side, gendhèng bulusan at the end as a cover. Gendhèng wayangan has a function has a practical function, social function, and individual functions. (2) In general, the meaning of symbol gendhèng wayangan is about belief in human servitude to God. While specifically, the implicit concept of gendhèng wayangan is about manunggaling kawula Gusti and harmonization between four elements in the universe to create the harmony between microcosm and macrocosm that is the philosophy adopted in Javanese cosmology and Islam.