Analysis Protection of the Right to Freedom of Religion in Prohibition of Worship at Al Aqsa Mosque by Israeli Police to Palestinians: Insight from Indonesia
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Jan 31, 2022
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Abstract
This study conducts an analysis of the protection of the right to freedom of religion amidst the prohibition of worship at the Al Aqsa Mosque by Israeli police targeting Palestinians. Amidst ongoing tensions in the region, particularly in Jerusalem, this research scrutinizes the legal frameworks and human rights implications surrounding the restrictions imposed on worship activities at one of Islam's holiest sites. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including legal analysis and examination of relevant international human rights instruments, this study aims to elucidate the complexities and challenges faced by Palestinians in exercising their religious freedoms. Through an exploration of primary and secondary data sources, including reports, legal documents, and testimonies, this research seeks to shed light on the socio-political context and legal justifications underpinning the actions of the Israeli authorities. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on religious freedom and human rights violations in conflict-affected areas, highlighting the urgent need for international attention and intervention to safeguard the rights of Palestinians to worship freely at the Al Aqsa Mosque.
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Maryoga, Y. T., & el Fasha, I. Y. (2022). Analysis Protection of the Right to Freedom of Religion in Prohibition of Worship at Al Aqsa Mosque by Israeli Police to Palestinians: Insight from Indonesia. Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society, 1(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.15294/ciils.v1i1.56713
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References
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Telle, Kari. "Faith on trial: Blasphemy and ‘lawfare’in Indonesia." Ethnos 83, No. 2 (2018): 371-391.
Tobroni, Faiq. "Keterlibatan negara dalam mengawal kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan (Komentar akademik atas Judicial Review UU No. 1/PNPS/1965)." Jurnal Konstitusi 7, No. 6 (2016): 097-118.
Triwahyuningsih, Susani. "Perlindungan dan penegakan hak asasi manusia (HAM) di Indonesia." Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, No. 2 (2018): 113-121.
Widayati, Sri, and Eka Cahya Maulidiyah. "Religious tolerance in Indonesia." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2018). Vol. 212, 2018.
Asplund, Knut. "Resistance to Human Rights in Indonesia: Asian Values and Beyond." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 10, No. 1 (2009): 27-47.
Bagir, Zainal Abidin. and Renata Arianingtyas. "Limitations to freedom of religion or belief in Indonesia: Norms and Practices." Religion & Human Rights 15, No. 1-2 (2020): 39-56.
Baxi, Upendra. The future of human rights. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007); Charles R. Beitz, The idea of human rights. (Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2009).
Boyle, Kevin. and Juliet Sheen. Freedom of religion and belief: A world report. (London: Routledge, 2013).
Christianto, Hwian. "Arti Penting UU No. 1/PNPS/1965 Bagi Kebebasan Beragama: Kajian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 140/PUU-VII/2009." Jurnal Yudisial 6, No. 1 (2013): 1-16.
Colbran, Nicola "Realities and challenges in realising freedom of religion or belief in Indonesia." The International Journal of Human Rights 14, No. 5 (2010): 678-704.
El-Muhtaj, Majda. Hak asasi manusia dalam konstitusi Indonesia. (Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2017).
Facal, Gabriel. "Islamic Defenders Front Militia (Front Pembela Islam) and its impact on growing religious intolerance in Indonesia." TRaNS: Trans-Regional and-National Studies of Southeast Asia 8, No. 1 (2020): 7-20.
Fealy, Greg. "The politics of religious intolerance in Indonesia: mainstream-ism trumps extremism?." Religion, law and intolerance in Indonesia. (London: Routledge, 2016), pp. 115-131.
Ghanea, Nazila. "The 1981 UN Declaration on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief: some observations." The challenge of religious discrimination at the dawn of the New Millennium. (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2004), pp. 9-31.
Hopgood, Stephen. The Endtimes of Human Rights. (Cornell University Press, 2013).
Ishak, Nurfaika, and Romalina Ranaivo Mikea Manitra. "Constitutional Religious Tolerance in Realizing the Protection of Human Rights in Indonesia." Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 2, No. 1 (2022).
Juwana, Hikmahanto. "Human rights in Indonesia." Human Rights in Asia: A Comparative Legal Study of Twelve Asian Jurisdictions, France and the USA. (London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2006), pp. 364-383.
Khalidi, Rashid. "The Future of Arab Jerusalem." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 19, No. 2 (1992): 133-143.
Koji, Teraya. "Emerging Hierarchy in International Human Rights and Beyond: From the Perspective of Non‐derogable Rights." European Journal of International Law 12, No. 5 (2001): 917-941.
Lerner, Natan. "Religious human rights under the United Nations." Religion, Secular Beliefs and Human Rights. (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2012), pp. 13-55.
Locke, John, and James L. Axtell. The educational writings of John Locke. (CUP Archive, 1968).
Locke, John. "Natural rights." Moral Reasoning: A Philosophic Approach to Applied Ethics. (London: Dryden Press, 1990), pp. 133-135.
Mackey, Wil, and Ben Dolven. "Religious Intolerance in Indonesia." Current Politics and Economics of South, Southeastern, and Central Asia 30, No. 2-3 (2021): 299-304.
McGregor, Katharine E. "Memory studies and human rights in Indonesia." Asian Studies Review 37, No. 3 (2013): 350-361.
McLaughlin, Nicole. "Spectrum of Defamation of Religion Laws and the Possibility of a Universal International Standard." Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review 32, No. 3 (2010).
Møller, Jørgen, and Svend-Erik Skaaning. "Autocracies, democracies, and the violation of civil liberties." Democratization 20, No. 1 (2013): 82-106.
Mulya, Teguh Wijaya, and Anindito Aditomo. "Researching religious tolerance education using discourse analysis: a case study from Indonesia." British Journal of Religious Education 41, No. 4 (2019): 446-457.
Pompe, Sebastiaan. "Human rights in Indonesia: between universal and national, between state and society." Leiden Journal of International Law 7, No. 2 (1994): 85-98.
Scharffs, Brett G. "International law and the defamation of religion conundrum." The Review of Faith & International Affairs 11, No. 1 (2013): 66-75.
Siregar, Christian. "Pluralism and religious tolerance in Indonesia: An ethical-theological review based on Christian faith perspectives." Humaniora 7, No. 3 (2016): 349-358.
Sofjan, Dicky. "Religious diversity and politico-religious intolerance in Indonesia and Malaysia." The Review of Faith & International Affairs 14, No. 4 (2016): 53-64.
Sullivan, Donna J. "Advancing the Freedom of Religion or Belief through the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Religious Intolerance and Discrimination." American Journal of International Law 82, No. 3 (1988): 487-520.
Supriyanto, Bambang Heri. "Penegakan Hukum Mengenai Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Menurut Hukum Positif di Indonesia." Jurnal Al-Azhar Indonesia Seri Pranata Sosial 2, No. 3 (2016): 151-168.
Svensson-McCarthy, Anna-Lena. "The Non-Derogable Obligations Under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights." The International Law of Human Rights and States of Exception. (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 1998), pp. 380-450.
Sway, Mustafa Abu. "Al-Aqsa Mosque: Do Not Intrude!." Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture 20, No. 4/1 (2015): 108.
Telle, Kari. "Faith on trial: Blasphemy and ‘lawfare’in Indonesia." Ethnos 83, No. 2 (2018): 371-391.
Tobroni, Faiq. "Keterlibatan negara dalam mengawal kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan (Komentar akademik atas Judicial Review UU No. 1/PNPS/1965)." Jurnal Konstitusi 7, No. 6 (2016): 097-118.
Triwahyuningsih, Susani. "Perlindungan dan penegakan hak asasi manusia (HAM) di Indonesia." Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 2, No. 2 (2018): 113-121.
Widayati, Sri, and Eka Cahya Maulidiyah. "Religious tolerance in Indonesia." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2018). Vol. 212, 2018.