The New Face of Cyberbullying in Indonesia: How Can We Provide Justice to the Victims?
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Published
Mar 1, 2021
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Abstract
In fact, several cases of cyber oppression have increased recently as a result of internet penetration in Indonesia. Ordinarily, cyberbullying happens to celebrities and ordinary people. Ordinarily, some cases occur with suicide. As a result, based on this phenomenon, it is important to prevent forms of cyberbullying on social media, both for victims and perpetrators. Consequently, using case studies and observations, this research examines several social media services, such as Facebook, Path, Twitter, and Instagram. Accordingly, to Willory forms of cyber cyberbullying in Indonesia are harassment, defamation, identity plagiarism, fraud, and cyberstalking. Crimes in cyberspace in Indonesia, nevertheless, have three other objects besides individuals, namely cyber oppression to certain regions, religions, and institutions.
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Nugraheni, P. D. (2021). The New Face of Cyberbullying in Indonesia: How Can We Provide Justice to the Victims?. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 3(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v3i1.43153
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Research Article
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The copyrights of the article in Indonesian J. Int'l Clinical Leg. Educ. is on the Author(s), however, before publishing, it is required to obtain written confirmation from Author(s) in order to ensure the originality (Author Statement of Originality). The statement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. This work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions.
References
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Kominfo. (2012). Keamanan Kewarganegaraan Digital di kalangan Anak dan Remaja di Indonesia.
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Aviyah, E., & Farid, M. (2014). Religiulitas, Kontrol Diri, dan Kenakalan Remaja Persona. Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 3(2), 126–129.
Beran, T., & Li, Q. (2005). Cyber Harassment: A study of A New Method for An Old Behavior. Journal Educational Computing Research, 32(3), 265-277.
Bernes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent-Adolescent Communication and The Circumplex Model. Society for Research in Child Development, 56(2), 438-447.
Berthold, K. A. & Hoover, J. H. (2000). Correlates of Bullying and Victimization Among Intermediate Students in The Midwestern USA. Journal of School Psychology International, 21(1), 65-78.
Bhat, C. S. (2008). Cyber bullying: Overview and strategies for school counsellors, guidance officers, and all school personnel. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 18(1), 53-66.
Budiarti, A. I. (2016). Pengaruh Interaksi dalam Peer Group pada Perilaku Cyberbullying Siswa. Pikiran Jurnal Sosiologi Universitas Gadjah Mada, 3(1), 1-15.
Burgess-Proctor, A., Hinduja, S., and Patchin, J. W. (2009). “Cyberbullying Research Summary: Victimization of Adolescent Girls”. In V. Garcia & J. Clifford (Eds.), Female Crime Victims: Reality Reconsidered. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Cunningham, N. J. (2007). Level of Bonding to School and Perception of to School Environments by Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims. Journal of Early Adolescence, 27(4), 457-475.
David-Ferdon, C., & Hertz, M. F. (2007). Youth Violence and Electronic Media: Similar Behavior, Different Venues?. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), 1-68.
Diana, R. R., & Retnowati, S. (2009). Komunikasi Remaja - Orang Tua dan Agresivitas Pelajar. Jurnal Psikologi, 2(2), 1-6.
Djanggih, H., and Qamar, N. (2018). Penerapan Teori-Teori Kriminologi dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Siber (Cyber Crime). Pandecta Law Research Journal, 13(1), 10-23.
Donegan, R. (2012). Bullying and Cyberbullying: History, Statistics, Law, Prevention and Analysis, The Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 3(1), 33-42.
Fisher, E. (2013). From Cyber Bullying to Cyber Coping: The Misuse of Mobile Technology and Social Media and Their Effects on People's Lives. Business and Economic Research, 3(2), 127-145.
Gillete, P., and Daniels, D. (eds). (2009). Bullying at School and Online, Quick Facts for Parents. Education.com Holdings, Inc.
Greenberg, M. A., & Stone, A. A. (1992). Emotional Disclosure About Traumas and Its Relation to Health: Effect of Previous Disclosure and Trauma Severity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(1), 75-84.
Gunawan, H. (2013). Jenis Pola Komunikasi Orang Tua Dengan Anak Perokok Aktif di Desa Jembayan Kecaatan Loa Kulu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. eJournal Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(2), 1-5.
Haryati, H. (2014). Cyberbullying Side Lain Dampak Negatif dari Internet. Mediakom, 11(1), 46 - 63.
Heirman, W., & Walrave, M. (2008). Assessing concerns and issues about the mediation of technology in cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 2(2).
Hinduja, S., and Patchin, J. W. (2009). Bullying Beyond the Schoolyard: Preventing and Responding to Cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage Publications (Corwin Press).
Hinduja, S., and Patchin, J. W. (2010). Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, Volume 14, pp. 206-221. International Academy for Suicide Research: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Hinduja, S., and Patchin, J. W. (2014). Cyberbullying Identification, Prevention, and Response. Cyberbullying Research Center.
IPSOS. (2011). Cyberbullying: Warga Negara di 24 Negara Mengkaji Bullying melalui Teknologi Informasi untuk Perspektif Global Total. Penasihat Global.
Israel, D. (2009). Staying in School: Arts Education and New York City High School Graduation Rates. Journal of New York, Vol. 1, 22-33.
Katzer, C., Fetchenhauer, D., & Belschak, F. (2009). Cyberbullying: Who Are The Victims? A Comparison of Victimization in Internet Chat Rooms and Victimization in School. Journal of Media Psychology, 21(1), 25–36.
Keller, M. (2012). Identifying and Preventing Cyberbullying Among Adolescents. Thesis. Gonzaga University.
Kementerian Perdagangan. (2014). Panduan Optimalisasi Media Sosial. Jakarta: Pusat Humas Kementerian Kementerian Perdagangan.
Kominfo. (2012). Keamanan Kewarganegaraan Digital di kalangan Anak dan Remaja di Indonesia.
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, Physical, and Academic Correlates of Cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(1), 13-20.
L. Pyle. (2008). Teens and Internet Communication: What's Normal and What's A Problem? Alternative Journal of Nursing, 17(1), 1-13.
Low, S., & Espelage, D. (2013). Differentiating Cyberbullying Perpetration from Non-Physical Bullying: Communalities Across Race, Individual, and Family Predictors. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 39-52.
Manihuruk, N. K. (2018). Sekolah Cepat Edukasi Hukum Media Sosial (SEPAT KASIH MEDSOS), Edukasi Pencegahan, Pengawasan, dan Penindakan Kejahatan Ujaran Kebencian Melalui Sosial Media. Lex Scientia Law Review, 2(1), 93-104.
Maya, N. (2015). Fenomena Cyberbullying Diantara Siswa. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, 4(3), 443 - 450.
Mendolia, M., & Kleck, R. (1993). Effect of Talking About A Stressful Event on Arousal: Does What We Talk About Make A Difference?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(2), 283-292.
Modecki, K. L., Minchin, J., Harbaugh, A. G., Guerra, N. G., Runions, K. C. (2014). Bullying Prevalence Across Contexts: A Meta-analysis Measuring. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 602-611.
Muhtada, D. (2018). The Implementation of Laws and Regulations in Indonesia. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies), 3(1), 1-4.
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among US youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of American Medical Association, 285(16), 2094-2096.
Narpaduhita, P. D., & Suminar, D. R. (2014). Perbedaan Perilaku Cyberbullying Ditinjau dari Persepsi Terhadap Iklim Sekolah di SMK Negeri 8 Surabaya. Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental, 3(3), 1-6.
Nasrullah, R. (2015). Cyber Bullying di Status Facebook dari Kantor Pusat Humas Mabes Polri. Jurnal ITB Sosioteknologi, 14(1), 1 - 11.
Novarro, R., Yubero, S., and Larranaga, E. (eds). (2008). Cyberbullying Across the Globe: Gender, Family and Mental Health. Springer.
Novarro, R., Yubero, S., and Larranaga, E. (eds). (2008). Cyberbullying Across the Globe. Sage Publicationlobe: Gender, Family and Mental Health. Springer
Olweus, D. (1994). Annotation: Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of A School-Based Intervention Program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(7), 1171-1190.
Pandie, M. M., & Weismann, I, Th. J. (2016). Pengaruh Cyberbullying di Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Reaktif Sebagai Pelaku Maupun Sebagai Korban Cyberbullying pada Siswa Kristen SMP Nasional Makassar. Jurnal Jaffray, 14(1), 43-62.
Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2012). Cyberbullying Prevention and Respons. New York: Routledge.
Prinstein, M. J., Boergers, J., & Vernberg, E. M. (2001). Overt and Relational Aggression in Adolescents: Social Psychological Adjustment of Aggies Sors and Victims. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(4), 479-491.
Rahayu, F. S. (2012). Cyberbullying Sebagai Dampak Negatif pada Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi. Jurnal Sistem Informasi, 8(1), 1-31.
Ramada, D. P. (2017). Reality of Protection for Sexual Violence Victims: Comprehensive Protection Analysis for Sexual Violence Victims. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies 2, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 168-183.
Republic of Indonesia. (2008). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law).
Rigby, K. & Slee, P. T. (1999). Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescent School Children, Involvement in Bully-Victim Problems, and Perceived Social Support. Journal of Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29(2), 119–130.
Sacipto, R. (2018). Harmonisasi Publik dalam Penyelenggaraan Pesta Demokrasi Negara Hukum. Seminar Nasional Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang, 4(3), 719-736.
Safaria, T. (2015). Apakah Pengalaman Spiritual Harian, Harga Diri dan Prediktor Harmony Keluarga Penindasan Cyberbaring Diantara Siswa SMA?. Jurnal Internasional Studi Penelitian di Psikologi, 4(3), 23 - 34.
Safaria, T. (2016). Prevalence and Impact of Cyberbullying In A Sample of Indonesian Junior High School Students. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 15(1), 1-3.
Sartana, A. N. (2017). Perilaku Perundungan Maya (Cyberbullying) pada Remaja Awal. Jurnal Psikologi Insight Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 1(1), 25-41.
Sastroatmodjo, S., and Muhtada, D. (2017). Internationalization of Legal Education in Indonesia: Insights from Faculty of Law Universitas Negeri Semarang. International Conference on Clinical Legal Education, 1(1), 275-284.
Smith, P. K., Talamelli, L., Cowie, H., Naylor, P., & Chauhan, P. (2004). Profiles of Non‐victims, Escaped Victims, Continuing Victims and New Victims of School Bullying. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74(4), 565-581.
Smith, P., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russel, S., Tippet, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its Nature and Impact in Secondary School Pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.
Steinberg, L., Morris, A., S. (2001). Adolescent Development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 83-110.
Stroebe, M., Stroebe, W., Schut, H., Zech, E., & Bout, J.V. (2002). Does Disclosure of Emotions Facilitate Recovery from Bereavement? Evidence Form Two Prospective Studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(1), 169-178.
Tangney, J.P., Baumeister, R.F., & Boone A. L. (2004). High Self-Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271-322.
Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following You Home from School: A Critical Review and Synthesis of Research in Cyber Bullying Victimization. Journal of Computer in Human Behavior, 26(1), 277-287.
Tumon, M. B. A. (2014). Studi Deskriptif Bullying pada Remaja. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, 3(1), 1-17.
Vazsonyi, A.T. & Huang, L. (2010). Where Self-Control Comes from: on The Development of Self-Control and Its Relationship to Deviance Over Time. Developmental Psychology, 46(1), 245-257.
Walther, J. B. (1996). Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction. Sage Social Science Collection: Sage Publicationlobe: Gender, Family and Mental Health Springer.
Wang, J., Lannoti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School Bullying Among Adolescents in The United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(1), 368 - 375.
Wannes, Heirman and Walrave, Michele. (2008). Assessing Concern and Issue about in the Mediation of Technology in Cyberbullying. Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 2(2).
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