Mainstreaming Social Justice in Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia: Theories and Practices
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Jan 31, 2023
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the convergence of environmental law enforcement and social justice within the context of Indonesia. Despite the nation's abundant biodiversity and natural resources, it grapples with the intricate challenge of harmonizing environmental conservation efforts with socio-economic development imperatives. However, the effective enforcement of existing environmental legislation often proves deficient, exacerbating environmental degradation and exacerbating social inequalities. Through an interdisciplinary lens drawing from law, sociology, and environmental studies, this study systematically investigates both the theoretical foundations and practical strategies for integrating social justice considerations into environmental law enforcement mechanisms. Central to the analysis is an exploration of principles such as equity, fairness, and inclusivity, elucidating pathways for their incorporation into the formulation and implementation of environmental regulations and enforcement protocols. Furthermore, the paper conducts a nuanced examination of the socio-political dynamics shaping the enforcement landscape in Indonesia, including power differentials, issues of corruption, and institutional capacities. Through a comprehensive review of pertinent literature and empirical case studies, the paper identifies promising approaches and best practices for enhancing social justice within environmental law enforcement. These encompass community-driven monitoring initiatives, robust stakeholder engagement mechanisms, and targeted capacity-building endeavors tailored to law enforcement agencies. Additionally, the paper underscores the transformative potential of technology and innovation in fostering greater transparency, accountability, and public participation in environmental governance processes. By synthesizing theoretical insights with empirical evidence, this paper contributes substantively to the nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between environmental law enforcement and social justice within the Indonesian context.
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Aji, A. B. W., & Pramono, S. (2023). Mainstreaming Social Justice in Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia: Theories and Practices. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development, 2(1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v2i1.66106
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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Ali, Mahrus, and M. Arif Setiawan. "Penal proportionality in environmental legislation of Indonesia." Cogent Social Sciences 8.1 (2022): 2009167.
Amir, Latifah. "Analisis Yuridis Hak Gugat Pemerintah Terhadap Pelaku Pencemaran/Perusakan Lingkungan Hidup Berdasarkan UU No. 32 Tahun 2009." Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi: Seri Humaniora 15.2 (2013).
Arsyiprameswari, Natasya, et al. "Environmental Law and Mining Law in the Framework of State Administration Law." Unnes Law Journal 7.2 (2021): 347-370.
Aulia, Nadya Zahra, Alya Zafira, and Regina Margarettha. "Anti-Slapp: Meninjau Kembali Mekanisme Perlindungan Pejuang Lingkungan Hidup." Legislatif (2021): 1-15.
Banulita, Mia, and Titik Utami. "Legal Construction of Anti-Eco-Slapp Reinforcement In Indonesia." Yuridika 36.3 (2021): 721.
Bedner, Adriaan. "Access to environmental justice in Indonesia." Access to Environmental Justice: A Comparative Study. Brill Nijhoff, 2007. 89-123.
Bridge, Gavin, and Tom Perreault. "Environmental governance." A companion to environmental geography (2009): 475-497.
Dewi, Dahlia Kusuma. "Izin Lingkungan dalam Kaitannya dengan Penegakan Administrasi Lingkungan dan Pidana Lingkungan Berdasarkan Undang-undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH)." Jurnal Mutiara Hukum 1.1 (2018): 1-14.
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Efendi, A. "Asas-asas Umum Kebijaksanaan Lingkungan dalam Undang-undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (UUPPLH)." Jurnal Yustika 14.1 (2011).
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Fahruddin, Muhammad. "Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup." Veritas 5.2 (2019): 81-98.
Firdiansyah, Risal. "Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pidana Tehadap Pelaku Kejahatan Pembalakan Hutan." Dinamika 25.9 (2019).
Gilbert, J. "Environmental degradation as a threat to life: a question of justice?." Trinity College Law Review 6 (2003): 81-97.
Handl, Günther. "Declaration of the United Nations conference on the human environment (Stockholm Declaration), 1972 and the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 1992." United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law 11.6 (2012): 1-11.
Herlina, Nina, and Ukilah Supriyatin. "AMDAL Sebagai Instrumen Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan dan Berwawasan Lingkungan." Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi 9.2 (2021): 204-218.
Hernanda, Trias. "Legal Analysis on AMDAL as an Environmental Protection Document." Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 4.2 (2020): 108-115.
Hidjaz, Kamal. "Effectiveness of environmental policy enforcement and the impact by industrial mining, energy, mineral, and gas activities in Indonesia." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 9.6 (2019): 79-85.
Hurley, Terrance M., and Jason F. Shogren. "Environmental conflicts and the SLAPP." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 33.3 (1997): 253-273.
Iswantoro, Iswantoro. "Juridical Analysis of Environmental Law Enforcement in Forestry Crimes Regulation in the Regional Autonomy." Journal of Morality and Legal Culture 1.1 (2020): 45-49.
Johar, Olivia Anggie. "Realitas Permasalahan Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 15.1 (2021): 54-65.
Lambila, Roberth Jimmy, Muhamad Mahrus Setia Wijaksana, and Fatma Ulfatun Najicha. "Environmental law enforcement efforts in Indonesia." AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 3048. No. 1. AIP Publishing, 2024.
Malik, Abdul Haris, Fajar Ari Sudewo Sanusi, and Fajar Ari Sudewo. "Corporate Strict Liability in Environmental Crimes in Indonesia and the Netherlands." MALAPY 2022: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, MALAPY 2022, 28 May 2022, Tegal, Indonesia. European Alliance for Innovation, 2022.
Maruf, Arifin. "Legal Aspects of Environment in Indonesia: An Efforts to Prevent Environmental Damage and Pollution." Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 1.1 (2021).
Medhika, Nyoman Gede Aditya Jay, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Konsep Anti Eco-Slapp dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 3.1 (2022): 220-224.
Mina, Risno. "Desentralisasi Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Sebagai Alternatif Menyelesaikan Permasalahan Lingkungan Hidup." Arena Hukum 9.2 (2016): 149-165.
Mohai, Paul, David Pellow, and J. Timmons Roberts. "Environmental justice." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 34 (2009): 405-430.
Muthmainnah, Wahyu Rasyid, and Iin Lestari. "Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup." Madani Legal Review 4.2 (2020): 96-107.
Najicha, Fatma Ulfatun, and I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani. "Legal Protection “Substantive Rights for Environmental Quality” on Environmental Law Against Human Rights in the Constitution in Indonesia." International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020.
Nicholson, David. "Environmental Litigation in Indonesia." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 6.1 (2001): 47-78.
Nugraheni, Prasasti Dyah, and Andrianantenaina Fanirintsoa Aime. "Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia Through Civil Law: Between Justice and Legal Certainty." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 4.2 (2022).
Nurdin, Muhammad. "Peranan Penyidik dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup." Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 12.2 (2017): 172-185.
Prameswari, Anindytha Arsa, Gerhard Mangara, and Rifdah Rudi. "Deferred Prosecution Agreement: Mekanisme Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korporasi Terhadap Perusakan Lingkungan Melalui Paradigma Restorative Justice." Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis 2.12 (2021): 1200-1222.
Purniawati, Purniawati, Nikmatul Kasana, and Rodiyah Rodiyah. "Good Environmental Governance in Indonesia (Perspective of Environmental Protection and Management)." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2.1 (2020): 43-56.
Putrijanti, Aju, and Sekar Anggun Gading Pinilih. "Strengthening Anti-Eco-SLAPP Regulations in Indonesia." IWLEG 2022: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Law, Economics and Governance, IWLEG 2022, 27 July 2022, Semarang, Indonesia. European Alliance for Innovation, 2023.
Rahmadanti, Ade Tria Surya, and Sri Endah Wahyuningsih. "Penerapan Sanksi Pidana terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pembakaran Hutan dan Lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat (Studi atas Perkara Nomor 332/Pid. LH/2017/PN. Ptk di Pengadilan Negeri Pontianak)." Prosiding Konstelasi Ilmiah Mahasiswa Unissula (KIMU) Klaster Hukum (2019).
Rahman, Nabila Aulia, et al. "Legal Politics of Environmental Licensing Governance After Job Creation Law." Hang Tuah Law Journal (2022): 123-134.
Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.
Royston, Michael G. "Making pollution prevention pay." Making Pollution Prevention Pay. Pergamon, 1982. 1-16.
Salim, Agus, and Liberthin Palullungan. "The challenges of environmental law enforcement to implement SDGs in Indonesia." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (2021): 517-524.
Santoso, Muhari Agus. "Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup yang Dilakukan oleh Korporasi." Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 7.2 (2016): 216-228.
Sawitri, Handri Wirastuti, and Rahadi Wasi Bintoro. "Sengketa Lingkungan dan Penyelesaiannya." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 10.2 (2010): 163-174.
Setyaningati, Christina Nitha, et al. "The Responsibility of Indonesia for Deforestation Based on United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity." Jurnal Hukum Novelty 10.1 (2019): 74-84.
Shapiro, Pamela. "SLAPPs: Intent or Content? Anti‐SLAPP Legislation Goes International." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 19.1 (2010): 14-27.
Siahaan, Nommy Horas Thombang. Hukum Lingkungan dan Ekologi Pembangunan. Erlangga, 2004.
Siregar, Hamdan Azhar, Mr Untoro, and Teuku Saiful Bahri. "Utilization of Natural Resources in the Mining Sector Related to the State Welfare." 2018 International Conference on Energy and Mining Law (ICEML 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018.
Situmeang, Sahat Maruli Tua. "Hukum Lingkungan Effektivitas Sanksi Pidana dalam Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan." Res Nullius Law Journal 1.2 (2019): 139-148.
Soedarsono, Teguh. "Penegakan Hukum dan Putusan Peradilan Kasus-kasus Illegal Logging." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 17.1 (2010): 61-84.
Soemartono, Gatot P. Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 1996., pp. 25-27.
Sood, Muhammad. Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia. Sinar Grafika, 2021.
Sudarto, Sudarto. Hukum dan Hukum Pidana. Bandung: PT Alumni, 2007.
Sukananda, Satria, and Danang Adi Nugraha. "Urgensi Penerapan Analisis Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) Sebagai Kontrol Dampak Terhadap Lingkungan di Indonesia." Jurnal Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan 1.2 (2020): 119-137.
Tarigan, Edi Kristianta. "Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup." Jurnal Lex Justitia 1.1 (2019): 28-41.
Tatariyanto, Firman. "Controlling Environmental Harm: Assessing Criminal Law Enforcement on Haze Pollution Using Content Analysis of Court Decisions in Indonesia." Journal of Environmental Information Science 2018.1 (2018): 32-43.
Usman, Adamu Kyuka. Environmental Protection Law and Practice. Malthouse Press, 2017.
Wahanisa, Rofi, and Septhian Eka Adiyatma. "Konsepsi Asas Kelestarian dan Keberlanjutan dalam Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dalam Nilai Pancasila." Bina Hukum Lingkungan 6.1 (2021): 93-118.
Wibowo, Gatot Dwi Hendro. "Inconsistency of Pancasila Cita (Law) for Natural Resources Management." International Journal of Religious and Cultural Studies 1.2 (2019): 83-89.
Wibowo, Suyanto Edi. "Memahami Makna Pasal 33 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 Perihal Penguasaan Oleh Negara Terhadap Sumber Daya Alam [Comprehend The Meaning of Article 33 of The 1945 Constitution of The Republic of Indonesia on State Authority Over Natural Resources]." Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 12.4 (2018): 1-57.
Wiharyangti, Dwi. "Implementasi Sanksi Pidana dan Sanksi Tindakan dalam Kebijakan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia." Pandecta Research Law Journal 6.1 (2011).
Wijaya, Hendra, Budi Santoso, and Muhamad Azhar. "Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Atas Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup." Notarius 14.1 (2021): 206-220.
Yakin, Sumadi Kamarol. "Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) Sebagai Instrumen Pencegahan Pencemaran dan Perusakan Lingkungan." Badamai Law Journal 2.1 (2017): 113-132.
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