Extrajudicial Dispute Resolution in Handling Environmental Cases in Indonesia (Case Study: River Water Pollution by PT Sugar Labinta in South Lampung)
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Jan 31, 2024
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Abstract
This paper examines extrajudicial dispute resolution mechanisms utilized in addressing environmental cases in Indonesia, with a focus on a specific case involving the alleged pollution of river water by PT Sugar Labinta in South Lampung. It delves into the legal frameworks, stakeholder engagement processes, and outcomes of extrajudicial dispute resolution efforts in environmental matters. Drawing on a case study approach, the paper analyzes the effectiveness and challenges of extrajudicial mechanisms in resolving environmental disputes, particularly in cases of alleged pollution by industrial entities. It explores the roles of various stakeholders, including government agencies, industry representatives, affected communities, and non-governmental organizations, in the resolution process. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the implications of extrajudicial dispute resolution on environmental protection, legal accountability, and community rights. It examines the extent to which such mechanisms contribute to the realization of environmental justice, sustainable development, and corporate responsibility in Indonesia. In conclusion, the paper offers insights into the strengths and limitations of extrajudicial dispute resolution in handling environmental cases, using the PT Sugar Labinta case as a lens. It suggests recommendations for improving the effectiveness and fairness of extrajudicial mechanisms, enhancing transparency, accountability, and community participation in environmental decision-making processes.
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Fauzi, D. A. (2024). Extrajudicial Dispute Resolution in Handling Environmental Cases in Indonesia (Case Study: River Water Pollution by PT Sugar Labinta in South Lampung). Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development, 3(1), 97-124. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v3i1.78893
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References
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Ardhiyoko, Adimas, Jamal Wiwoho, and Yudho Taruno Muryanto. "The Justice System in Indonesia with the Application of the Green Constitution in Mining Dispute Resolution." International Conference on Environmental and Energy Policy (ICEEP 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021.
Arsyiprameswari, Natasya, et al. "Environmental Law and Mining Law in the Framework of State Administration Law." Unnes Law Journal 7.2 (2021): 347-370.
Bakri, Samsul, and Prayudhy Yushananta. "Water Pollution and Water Quality Assessment of the Way Kuripan River in Bandar Lampung City (Sumatera, Indonesia)." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 32.2 (2023).
Bedner, Adriaan. "Access to environmental justice in Indonesia." Access to Environmental Justice: A Comparative Study. Brill Nijhoff, 2007. 89-123.
Chandra, Tofik, and Bobur Sobirov. "Corporate Criminal Liability for Illegal Toxic and Hazardous Waste Dumping." Lex Publica 10.1 (2023): 123-140.
Claus, C. Anne, et al. "Disaster, degradation, dystopia." The International Handbook of Political Ecology. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, pp. 291-304.
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Fitriyeni, Cut Era. "Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup Melalui Pengadilan." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12.3 (2010): 564-575.
Garg, Teevrat, et al. "(Not so) gently down the stream: River pollution and health in Indonesia." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 92 (2018): 35-53.
Gayo, Sabela. "Resolving Environmental Dispute With Mediation Method." International Asia of Law and Money Laundering (IAML) 1.1 (2022): 23-29.
Goldberg, Stephen B., et al. Dispute resolution: Negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and other processes. Aspen Publishing, 2020.
Goldberg, Stephen B. "The secrets of successful mediators." Negotiation Journal 21.3 (2005): 365-376.
Hapsari, Dwi Ratna Indri, Aditya Aji Syuhadha Ilmiawan, and Echaib Samira. "Non-litigation as An Environmental Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Indonesia." Indonesia Law Reform Journal 2.1 (2022): 55-66.
Hari, Josua, and Netty Naiborhu. "Access To Justice For Intergenerational Equity As Judicial Remedy For Climate Change Litigation." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2022, 27-28 July 2022, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. 2023.
Haryadi, Dwi, Ibrahim Ibrahim, and Darwance Darwance. "Environmental regulations (its identification and downstream implementation in Bangka Belitung)." E3S Web of Conferences. Vol. 241. EDP Sciences, 2021.
Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen, et al. "Identifying important life stages for monitoring and assessing risks from exposures to environmental contaminants: results of a World Health Organization review." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 69.1 (2014): 113-124.
Jaman, Ujang Badru. "Legal Analysis of The Impact of Industrial Development on The Environment." The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights 1.3 (2023): 87-92.
Jaya, Didik Tri Putra. “WALHI Lampung Desak DLH Usut Tuntas Pencemaran Limbah Way Sekampung”, Kupas Tuntas, November 3, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.kupastuntas.co/2020/11/03/walhi-lampung-desak-dlh-usut-tuntas-pencemaran-limbah-way-sekampung
Kido, Machiko, et al. "Comparison of general water quality of rivers in Indonesia and Japan." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 156 (2009): 317-329.
Listiyani, Nurul, and M. Yasir Said. "Political law on the environment: the authority of the government and local government to file litigation in Law Number 32 Year 2009 on environmental protection and management." Resources 7.4 (2018): 77.
Meidiana, Christia, and Thomas Gamse. "Development of waste management practices in Indonesia." European journal of scientific research 40.2 (2010): 199-210;.
Meidiana, Christia, and Thomas Gamse. "The new Waste Law: Challenging opportunity for future landfill operation in Indonesia." Waste Management & Research 29.1 (2011): 20-29.
Menzer, Robert E., and John O. Nelson. "Water and soil pollutants." Casaret and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons 4 (1991): 872-902.
Mulyadi, Agus. “Tanaman di Lampung Selatan Mati akibat Limbah”, KOMPAS, September 7, 2012. Retrieved from https://regional.kompas.com/read/2012/09/07/22082896/~Regional~Sumatera.
Najicha, Fatma Ulfatun, and I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani. "Legal Protection “Substantive Rights for Environmental Quality” on Environmental Law Against Human Rights in the Constitution in Indonesia." International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020.
Najicha, Fatma Ulfatun, et al. "The conceptualization of environmental administration law in environmental pollution control." Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 2.2 (2022): 87-99.
Nicholson, David. "Environmental Dispute Resolution in Indonesia." Environmental Dispute Resolution in Indonesia. Brill, 2009.
Nofita, Putri. "Environmental law dispute resolution based on positive Law." The 1st Proceeding International Conference and Call Paper. Vol. 1. No. 1. 2021.
Nolan-Haley, Jacqueline M. "Court Mediation and the Search for Justice Through Law." Washington University Law Quarterly 74.1 (1996).
Nolan-Haley, Jacqueline. "Mediation: The “New Arbitration”." Harvard Negotiation Law Review 17 (2012): 61.
Nugraheni, Prasasti Dyah, and Andrianantenaina Fanirintsoa Aime. "Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia Through Civil Law: Between Justice and Legal Certainty." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 4.2 (2022).
Nur, Syofyan. "Penerapan Pidana Pasal 63 Ayat (2) dan (3) Jo Pasal 94 Ayat (3) Huruf C dan D Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air." INOVATIF: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11.3 (2018): 130-154.
Pandiangan, Leo Nora Elly AM, Nanin Koeswidi, and Norti Retiana Silitonga. "How Can Environmental Dispute Resolution Be Resolved Without Going to Court." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 10.2 (2021): 245-254.
Popek, Emma P. Sampling and Analysis of Environmental Chemical Pollutants: A Complete Guide. Elsevier, 2017.
Purwadi, Ari, Cita Yustisia Serfiyani, and Suhandi Suhandi. "The Government's Lawsuit Rights on the Environment Disputes in Indonesia." International Conference on Science, Technology & Environment (ICoSTE). 2019.
Rathi, B. Senthil, P. Senthil Kumar, and Dai-Viet N. Vo. "Critical review on hazardous pollutants in water environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, removal technologies and risk assessment." Science of the Total Environment 797 (2021): 149134.
Sari, Irma, Marlina Kamelia, and Ade Lenty Hoya. "Analysis of the Amount of Leachate Pollution on The Environmental Health of Settlements at Bakung Final Disposal Site Bandar Lampung City." Jurnal eduhealth 14.2 (2023): 707-712.
Satria, Adhi Putra. "Environmental quality protection in the period of industrialization to realize environmental-based industry." UNIFIKASI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6.2 (2019): 156-163.
Siombo, Marhaeni Ria. "Mediasi Pilihan Penyelesaian Sengketa Non Litigasi Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Atas Lingkungan Hidup Yang Sehat." Bina Hukum Lingkungan 1.1 (2016): 10-18.
Sjaifuddin, Sjaifuddin. "Environmental management prospects of industrial area: A case study on Mcie, Indonesia." Verslas: teorija ir praktika 19.1 (2018): 208-216.
Soplanit, Miracle. "Penyelesian Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup Menurut Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang UUPPLH." LUTUR Law Journal 1.1 (2020): 9-14.
Sudiarawan, Kadek Agus, et al. "Discourses on Citizen Lawsuit as Administrative Dispute Object: Government Administration Law vs. Administrative Court Law." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7.2 (2022): 499-486.
Sulistianingsih, Dewi, et al. "Environmental Dispute Resolution Through Alternative Dispute Resolution." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2022, 27-28 July 2022, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. 2023.
Supriandi, Supriandi, and Riska Rahmawati. "Analysis of Legal Aspects in Indonesia's Waste Management Policies." Eastasouth Proceeding of Humanities and Social Sciences 1.1 (2023): 13-18.
Tugiyono, Tugiyono, et al. "Evaluation of the Water Quality Status and Pollution Load Carrying Capacity of Way Umpu River, Way Kanan District, Lampung Province, Indonesia, Based on Land Use." International Journal of Ecology 2023 (2023).
Wijayanto, Adi, Hatta Acarya Wiraraja, and Siti Aminah Idris. "Forest Fire and Environmental Damage: The Indonesian Legal Policy and Law Enforcement." Unnes Law Journal 8.1 (2022): 105-132.
Yuwono, Slamet Budi, et al. "Mercury pollution in the soil and river water of the Ratai watershed by artisanal and small-scale gold mining activities in Pesawaran District, Lampung, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 10.2 (2023).
Afriansyah, Arie, Anbar Jayadi, and Angela Vania. "Fighting the Giants: Efforts in Holding Corporation Responsible for Environmental Damages in Indonesia." Hasanuddin Law Review 4.3 (2019): 325-338.
Ali, Kristian. “Petani Keluhkan Pencemaran Limbah”. ANTARA Lampung, November 5, 2014. Retrieved from https://lampung.antaranews.com/berita/277386/petani-keluhkan-pencemaran-limbah
Aprilia, Indah Siti, and Leander Elian Zunggaval. "Peran Negara Terhadap Dampak Pencemaran Air Sungai Ditinjau Dari UU PPLH." SUPREMASI: Jurnal Hukum 2.1 (2019): 15-30.
Ardhiyoko, Adimas, Jamal Wiwoho, and Yudho Taruno Muryanto. "The Justice System in Indonesia with the Application of the Green Constitution in Mining Dispute Resolution." International Conference on Environmental and Energy Policy (ICEEP 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021.
Arsyiprameswari, Natasya, et al. "Environmental Law and Mining Law in the Framework of State Administration Law." Unnes Law Journal 7.2 (2021): 347-370.
Bakri, Samsul, and Prayudhy Yushananta. "Water Pollution and Water Quality Assessment of the Way Kuripan River in Bandar Lampung City (Sumatera, Indonesia)." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 32.2 (2023).
Bedner, Adriaan. "Access to environmental justice in Indonesia." Access to Environmental Justice: A Comparative Study. Brill Nijhoff, 2007. 89-123.
Chandra, Tofik, and Bobur Sobirov. "Corporate Criminal Liability for Illegal Toxic and Hazardous Waste Dumping." Lex Publica 10.1 (2023): 123-140.
Claus, C. Anne, et al. "Disaster, degradation, dystopia." The International Handbook of Political Ecology. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015, pp. 291-304.
David, Jennifer. "Alternative Dispute Resolution-What is it?." Alternative Dispute Resolution (1986): 27.
Dewi, Dahlia Kusuma, Alvi Syahrin, and M. Hamdan. "The Functionalization of the Ultimum Remedium Principle Towards the Implementation of Criminal Actions Environmental License in the Perspective of Environmental Criminal Law in Indonesia." 1st UMGESHIC International Seminar on Health, Social Science and Humanities (UMGESHIC-ISHSSH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2021.
Fisher, Talia. "Law and economics of alternative dispute resolution." The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics: Volume 3: Public Law and Legal Institutions (2017): 280.
Fitriani, K., T. K. Nufutomo, and R. Putra. "Water Quality Analysis Based on Land Use in Sekampung River, Lampung, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 1041. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2022.
Fitriyeni, Cut Era. "Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup Melalui Pengadilan." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12.3 (2010): 564-575.
Garg, Teevrat, et al. "(Not so) gently down the stream: River pollution and health in Indonesia." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 92 (2018): 35-53.
Gayo, Sabela. "Resolving Environmental Dispute With Mediation Method." International Asia of Law and Money Laundering (IAML) 1.1 (2022): 23-29.
Goldberg, Stephen B., et al. Dispute resolution: Negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and other processes. Aspen Publishing, 2020.
Goldberg, Stephen B. "The secrets of successful mediators." Negotiation Journal 21.3 (2005): 365-376.
Hapsari, Dwi Ratna Indri, Aditya Aji Syuhadha Ilmiawan, and Echaib Samira. "Non-litigation as An Environmental Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Indonesia." Indonesia Law Reform Journal 2.1 (2022): 55-66.
Hari, Josua, and Netty Naiborhu. "Access To Justice For Intergenerational Equity As Judicial Remedy For Climate Change Litigation." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2022, 27-28 July 2022, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. 2023.
Haryadi, Dwi, Ibrahim Ibrahim, and Darwance Darwance. "Environmental regulations (its identification and downstream implementation in Bangka Belitung)." E3S Web of Conferences. Vol. 241. EDP Sciences, 2021.
Hubal, Elaine A. Cohen, et al. "Identifying important life stages for monitoring and assessing risks from exposures to environmental contaminants: results of a World Health Organization review." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 69.1 (2014): 113-124.
Jaman, Ujang Badru. "Legal Analysis of The Impact of Industrial Development on The Environment." The Easta Journal Law and Human Rights 1.3 (2023): 87-92.
Jaya, Didik Tri Putra. “WALHI Lampung Desak DLH Usut Tuntas Pencemaran Limbah Way Sekampung”, Kupas Tuntas, November 3, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.kupastuntas.co/2020/11/03/walhi-lampung-desak-dlh-usut-tuntas-pencemaran-limbah-way-sekampung
Kido, Machiko, et al. "Comparison of general water quality of rivers in Indonesia and Japan." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 156 (2009): 317-329.
Listiyani, Nurul, and M. Yasir Said. "Political law on the environment: the authority of the government and local government to file litigation in Law Number 32 Year 2009 on environmental protection and management." Resources 7.4 (2018): 77.
Meidiana, Christia, and Thomas Gamse. "Development of waste management practices in Indonesia." European journal of scientific research 40.2 (2010): 199-210;.
Meidiana, Christia, and Thomas Gamse. "The new Waste Law: Challenging opportunity for future landfill operation in Indonesia." Waste Management & Research 29.1 (2011): 20-29.
Menzer, Robert E., and John O. Nelson. "Water and soil pollutants." Casaret and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons 4 (1991): 872-902.
Mulyadi, Agus. “Tanaman di Lampung Selatan Mati akibat Limbah”, KOMPAS, September 7, 2012. Retrieved from https://regional.kompas.com/read/2012/09/07/22082896/~Regional~Sumatera.
Najicha, Fatma Ulfatun, and I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani. "Legal Protection “Substantive Rights for Environmental Quality” on Environmental Law Against Human Rights in the Constitution in Indonesia." International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020.
Najicha, Fatma Ulfatun, et al. "The conceptualization of environmental administration law in environmental pollution control." Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 2.2 (2022): 87-99.
Nicholson, David. "Environmental Dispute Resolution in Indonesia." Environmental Dispute Resolution in Indonesia. Brill, 2009.
Nofita, Putri. "Environmental law dispute resolution based on positive Law." The 1st Proceeding International Conference and Call Paper. Vol. 1. No. 1. 2021.
Nolan-Haley, Jacqueline M. "Court Mediation and the Search for Justice Through Law." Washington University Law Quarterly 74.1 (1996).
Nolan-Haley, Jacqueline. "Mediation: The “New Arbitration”." Harvard Negotiation Law Review 17 (2012): 61.
Nugraheni, Prasasti Dyah, and Andrianantenaina Fanirintsoa Aime. "Environmental Law Enforcement in Indonesia Through Civil Law: Between Justice and Legal Certainty." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 4.2 (2022).
Nur, Syofyan. "Penerapan Pidana Pasal 63 Ayat (2) dan (3) Jo Pasal 94 Ayat (3) Huruf C dan D Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air." INOVATIF: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11.3 (2018): 130-154.
Pandiangan, Leo Nora Elly AM, Nanin Koeswidi, and Norti Retiana Silitonga. "How Can Environmental Dispute Resolution Be Resolved Without Going to Court." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 10.2 (2021): 245-254.
Popek, Emma P. Sampling and Analysis of Environmental Chemical Pollutants: A Complete Guide. Elsevier, 2017.
Purwadi, Ari, Cita Yustisia Serfiyani, and Suhandi Suhandi. "The Government's Lawsuit Rights on the Environment Disputes in Indonesia." International Conference on Science, Technology & Environment (ICoSTE). 2019.
Rathi, B. Senthil, P. Senthil Kumar, and Dai-Viet N. Vo. "Critical review on hazardous pollutants in water environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, removal technologies and risk assessment." Science of the Total Environment 797 (2021): 149134.
Sari, Irma, Marlina Kamelia, and Ade Lenty Hoya. "Analysis of the Amount of Leachate Pollution on The Environmental Health of Settlements at Bakung Final Disposal Site Bandar Lampung City." Jurnal eduhealth 14.2 (2023): 707-712.
Satria, Adhi Putra. "Environmental quality protection in the period of industrialization to realize environmental-based industry." UNIFIKASI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6.2 (2019): 156-163.
Siombo, Marhaeni Ria. "Mediasi Pilihan Penyelesaian Sengketa Non Litigasi Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Atas Lingkungan Hidup Yang Sehat." Bina Hukum Lingkungan 1.1 (2016): 10-18.
Sjaifuddin, Sjaifuddin. "Environmental management prospects of industrial area: A case study on Mcie, Indonesia." Verslas: teorija ir praktika 19.1 (2018): 208-216.
Soplanit, Miracle. "Penyelesian Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup Menurut Undang-Undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang UUPPLH." LUTUR Law Journal 1.1 (2020): 9-14.
Sudiarawan, Kadek Agus, et al. "Discourses on Citizen Lawsuit as Administrative Dispute Object: Government Administration Law vs. Administrative Court Law." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7.2 (2022): 499-486.
Sulistianingsih, Dewi, et al. "Environmental Dispute Resolution Through Alternative Dispute Resolution." Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2022, 27-28 July 2022, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. 2023.
Supriandi, Supriandi, and Riska Rahmawati. "Analysis of Legal Aspects in Indonesia's Waste Management Policies." Eastasouth Proceeding of Humanities and Social Sciences 1.1 (2023): 13-18.
Tugiyono, Tugiyono, et al. "Evaluation of the Water Quality Status and Pollution Load Carrying Capacity of Way Umpu River, Way Kanan District, Lampung Province, Indonesia, Based on Land Use." International Journal of Ecology 2023 (2023).
Wijayanto, Adi, Hatta Acarya Wiraraja, and Siti Aminah Idris. "Forest Fire and Environmental Damage: The Indonesian Legal Policy and Law Enforcement." Unnes Law Journal 8.1 (2022): 105-132.
Yuwono, Slamet Budi, et al. "Mercury pollution in the soil and river water of the Ratai watershed by artisanal and small-scale gold mining activities in Pesawaran District, Lampung, Indonesia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 10.2 (2023).