National Passive Principles in Illegal Fishing Disputes of Indonesian Citizens in Australian Waters
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Jan 31, 2023
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Abstract
Illegal fishing remains a contentious issue globally, often leading to diplomatic tensions and strained relations between neighboring countries. This paper explores the application of national passive principles in the context of illegal fishing disputes involving Indonesian citizens in Australian waters. By examining relevant international laws, bilateral agreements, and case studies, this paper aims to elucidate the legal frameworks and practical implications of national passive principles in resolving such disputes. The analysis highlights the challenges faced by both Indonesia and Australia in enforcing maritime laws, particularly concerning illegal fishing activities. Moreover, it investigates the role of national passive principles, which prioritize the rights and responsibilities of states over their citizens engaged in illegal activities abroad. Through a comparative study of legal approaches and diplomatic strategies employed by both countries, this paper seeks to offer insights into the effectiveness of national passive principles in deterring illegal fishing and promoting cooperation between nations. Furthermore, this paper discusses the socio-economic factors driving illegal fishing activities among Indonesian citizens, including poverty, lack of alternative livelihoods, and inadequate enforcement measures. It also examines the environmental impact of illegal fishing on marine ecosystems and the need for collaborative efforts to combat this transnational issue. In conclusion, this paper underscores the importance of international cooperation, legal compliance, and sustainable resource management in addressing illegal fishing disputes. It advocates for the continued implementation of national passive principles alongside strengthened enforcement mechanisms and community-based initiatives to achieve long-term solutions to illegal fishing in Australian waters.
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Imrona, Imrona, and Meutia Alfi Kusuma. 2023. “National Passive Principles in Illegal Fishing Disputes of Indonesian Citizens in Australian Waters”. International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 2 (1), 171-94. https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v2i1.67947.
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References
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Maryani, Halimatul, and Adawiyah Nasution. "Rekonsepsi Model Pemberantasan Illegal Fishing di Perairan Indonesia (Analisis Perspektif Hukum Internasional)." Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 16.3 (2019): 379-391.
Michael Barama, "Towards the Effectiveness of Law No. 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries in its Implementation," Unsrat Law Journal 22, no. 6 (2016): 1–13.
Nurfebriansyah, Ahmad Rifki, and Widyawati Boediningsih. "Hak Penangkapan Ikan Tradisional Nelayan Indonesia di Kawasan Ashmore Reef." Kertha Wicaksana 17.1 (2023): 9-14.
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Supriyono, Supriyono, and Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa. "Juridical Review of Illegal Fishing in Indonesia as Transnational Crime." Law Research Review Quarterly 7.2 (2021): 167-182.
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Tsamenyi, Martin. "Managing Indonesian Traditional Fishing Activities in Australian Waters: An Australian Perspective." Maritime Studies 1996.86 (1996): 18-26.
Vince, Joanna, Britta Denise Hardesty, and Chris Wilcox. "Progress and challenges in eliminating illegal fishing." Fish and Fisheries 22.3 (2021): 518-531.
Visser, Leontine E., and Dedi S. Adhuri. "Territorialization re-examined: transborder marine resources exploitation in Southeast Asia and Australia." Transborder governance of forests, rivers and seas. Routledge, 2012. 83-98.
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Agoes, Etty R. "Indonesia and the LOS convention: Recent developments in ocean law, policy and management." Marine Policy 15.2 (1991): 122-131.
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fisheries Department. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2000. Vol. 3. Food & Agriculture Org., 2000.
Agusman, D. Dumoli. International Treaty Law of Indonesian Theory and Practice Studies. (Jakarta: Refika Aditama, 2017).
As’ad, Istiqomah Febrian Alda, and Regina Farah Nafilah. "Indonesia as a Global Maritime Fulcrum: Examining the Model of Indonesia-Australia Maritime Cooperation and Its Impacts to Achieve Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum Security Agenda." Hasanuddin Journal of Strategic and International Studies (HJSIS) 1.1 (2022): 17-30.
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Balint, Ruth. "The last frontier: Australia's maritime territories and the policing of Indonesian fishermen." Journal of Australian Studies 23.63 (1999): 30-39.
Banjarani, Desia Rakhma. "Illegal Fishing dalam Kajian Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Internasional: Kaitannya dengan Kejahatan Transnasional." Jurnal Kertha Patrika 42.2 (2020): 150-162.
Berdal, Mats R., and Mónica Serrano, eds. Transnational organized crime and international security: business as usual?. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.
Boas, Gideon. Public international law: contemporary principles and perspectives. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012.
Bondaroff, Teale N. Phelps. The Illegal Fishing and Organized Crime Nexus: Illegal Fishing As Transnational Crime (Netherlands: Netherlands: The Global Intiative Against Transnational Organized Crime., 2015).
Brownlie, Ian. "The Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes in Practice." Pace International Law Review 7.2 (1995): 257.
Butterly, Lauren. "Fishing for Rights: The Water-Food Nexus and Indigenous Fishing in Australia's Northern Territory." Jurimetrics 59 (2018): 43.
Chapsos, Ioannis, and Steve Hamilton. "Illegal fishing and fisheries crime as a transnational organized crime in Indonesia." Trends in Organized Crime 22.3 (2019): 255-273.
Christoforus, Gorbachev. “Keabsahan Status Kepemilikan Pulau Pasir Oleh Australia Berkaitan dengan Kegiatan Nelayan Tradisional Berdasarkan UNCLOS 1982”. Thesis. (Yogyakarta, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, 2015).
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Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the Fourth Amendment to the 1945 Constitution.
Djalal, Hasjim. Indonesia and the Law of the Sea. Jakarta: Centre for Strategic and International Studies, 1995.
Doulman, D. J. "FAO International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing 2001: background and progress towards implementation." FAO Fisheries Report (FAO) 792 (2006).
Dyspriani, Polite. "Traditional fishing rights: Analysis of state practice." Division for Ocean Affaires and Law of the Sea Office of Legal Affairs. United Nations, New York, USA (2011).
Euan, Graham. "Transnational crime in the fishing industry: Asia's problem?." ? (RSIS Commentaries, No. 062). RSIS Commentaries. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University.
Farida, Elfia. "Kewajiban Negara Indonesia Terhadap Perjanjian Internasional Yang Telah Diratifikasi (Convention on The Protection of The Rights of All Migrant Workers of Their Families)." Administrative Law and Governance Journal 3.1 (2020): 182-191.
Fatahillah, F. "Pertanggung Jawaban Negara Terhadap Tindak Pidana Internasional." REUSAM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 9.2 (2022).
Fishery Act, Northern Territory of Australia Regulation.
Gumilar, Hertantyo Rizki. "Illegal Fishing in Indonesia and the Role of International Maritime Law on Illegal Fishing Action." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development 1.1 (2022): 29-46.
Heazle, Michael, and John G. Butcher. "Fisheries depletion and the state in Indonesia: Towards a regional regulatory regime." Marine Policy 31.3 (2007): 276-286.
Irawati, Irawati. "Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Melindungi Hak Nelayan Tradisional Indonesia di Perairan Australia." Mimbar: Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 27.1 (2011): 11-20.
Jaelani, Abdul Qodir. "Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Upaya Mencegah dan Memberantas Illegal Fishing dalam Membangun Poros Maritim Indonesia." Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum 3.1 (2014).
Jamilah, Asiyah, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. "Penegakan Hukum Illegal Fishing dalam Perspektif UNCLOS 1982." Mulawarman Law Review (2020): 29-46.
Kalalo, Flora Pricilla. "Efektifitas Perjanjian Ekstradisi sebagai Sarana Pencegahan, Pemberantasan dan Penghukuman Pelaku Tindak Pidana Internasional." Lex et Societatis 4.1 (2016).
Kingsbury, Damien. "Indonesia: Arbitrary polity, unitary state." Routledge Handbook of Regionalism & Federalism. Routledge, 2013. 401-412.
Kurnia, Ida. "Penerapan UNCLOS 1982 dalam Ketentuan Perundang-undangan Nasional, Khususnya Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Prioris 2.1 (2008): 42-49.
Lasabuda, Ridwan. "Pembangunan wilayah pesisir dan lautan dalam perspektif Negara Kepulauan Republik Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Platax 1.2 (2013): 92-101.
Liddick, Don. "The dimensions of a transnational crime problem: the case of IUU fishing." Trends in organized crime 17 (2014): 290-312.
Mackay, Mary, Britta Denise Hardesty, and Chris Wilcox. "The intersection between illegal fishing, crimes at sea, and social well-being." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (2020): 589000.
Mamonto, Enggra. "Kerjasama Indonesia dan Australia dalam Bidang Keamanan untuk Menangani Kasus Illegal Fishing di Perbatasan Kedua Negara." WANUA: Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 5.1 (2020): 64-72.
Mangku, Dewa Gede Sudika. "The Borderland of the Unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia with others countries." South East Asian Journal 9.4 (2016).
Maryani, Halimatul, and Adawiyah Nasution. "Rekonsepsi Model Pemberantasan Illegal Fishing di Perairan Indonesia (Analisis Perspektif Hukum Internasional)." Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 16.3 (2019): 379-391.
Michael Barama, "Towards the Effectiveness of Law No. 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries in its Implementation," Unsrat Law Journal 22, no. 6 (2016): 1–13.
Nurfebriansyah, Ahmad Rifki, and Widyawati Boediningsih. "Hak Penangkapan Ikan Tradisional Nelayan Indonesia di Kawasan Ashmore Reef." Kertha Wicaksana 17.1 (2023): 9-14.
Palma-Robles, Mary Ann. "Tightening the net: the legal link between illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and transnational crime under international law." Ocean Yearbook Online 29.1 (2015): 144-165.
Pramitha, Dewi Adithyanti. "Diplomasi Pertahanan Indonesia dengan Australia dalam Hubungan Comprehensive Partnership di Bidang Keamanan Maritim." Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan 3.2 (2017).
Putri, Devita Kartika. "Urgensi Asas Subsider Pada Pengaturan Asas Universal dalam Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 51.2 (2022): 162-170.
Rahayu, Nadia Saidah, et al. "Policy on Maritime Border Disputes Between Indonesia and Australia: Stephen M. Walt’s Neorealism Perspective." Journal of Islamic World and Politics 7.1 (2023): 80-93.
Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries.
Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 7 of 2016 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen.
Ridwan, Ridwan. "Critical Study to the Enforceability of Passive National Principle in Indonesia Criminal Code." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 15.2 (2015): 186-192.
Rifawan, Affabile, Ivan Darmawan, and Riki Relaksana. "A Review on the Governance of Protection System for Indonesian Citizens Abroad." Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies 1.2 (2017): 155-168.
Risnain, Muh. "Rekonsepsi Model Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Illegal Fishing di Indonesia." Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 4.2 (2017): 379-398.
Rosello, Mercedes. "Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing control in the Exclusive Economic Zone: a brief appraisal of regulatory deficits and accountability strategies." Croatian International Relations Review 22.75 (2016): 39-68.
Rosnida, Rosnida. "Analisis Yuridis Batas Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia-Australia Untuk Menghindari Penahanan Nelayan Tradisional oleh Australia." JOEL: Journal of Educational and Language Research 1.11 (2022): 1521-1528.
Scott, David. "Indonesia grapples with the Indo-Pacific: Outreach, strategic discourse, and diplomacy." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 38.2 (2019): 194-217.
Seafish, The Seafish Guide to Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing (IUU) (Grimsby: The Authority on Seafood, 2012).
Setyaningsih, Ni Putu Ari. "Penerapan Asas Nasionalitas Aktif Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang." Jurnal Aktual Justice 4.2 (2019): 127-146.
Situngkir, Danel Aditia. "Perjanjian Internasional dan Dampaknya Bagi Hukum Nasional." Kertha Wicaksana 13.1 (2019): 19-25.
Slagter, Tracy H., and John D. Van Doorn. Fundamental Perspectives on International Law. Cambridge University Press, 2022.
Sobarini, Eryn. "Peluang Potensial dan Dampak Visi Poros Maritim bagi Hubungan Indonesia-Australia." Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan 7.2 (2021): 95-112.
Sodik, Dikdik Mohamad. "Analysis of IUU fishing in Indonesia and the Indonesian legal framework reform for monitoring, control and surveillance of fishing vessels." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 24.1 (2009): 67-100.
Sudiarawan, Kadek Agus, Putu Edgar Tanaya, and Bagus Hermanto. "Discover the legal concept in the sociological study." Substantive Justice International Journal of Law 3.1 (2020): 94-108.
Sumaila, Ussif R., Jackie Alder, and Heather Keith. "Global scope and economics of illegal fishing." Marine Policy 30.6 (2006): 696-703.
Supriyono, Supriyono, and Satria Unggul Wicaksana Prakasa. "Juridical Review of Illegal Fishing in Indonesia as Transnational Crime." Law Research Review Quarterly 7.2 (2021): 167-182.
Suwikarma, I. Made Yudha, and Surya Nita. "Crime Prevention Conducted by the Task Unit of Patrol Ship Ditpolairud Baharkam Polri Against Transnational Crime Cases in the Indonesian Water Area (Case Study: Transnational Crime in the Riau Archipelago)." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 6.6 (2023): 561-572.
Trisna, Wessy. "Criminology Perspective on Marine Criminal Acts in Malacca Strait." Environmental Policy and Law 50.4-5 (2020): 351-355.
Tsamenyi, Martin. "Managing Indonesian Traditional Fishing Activities in Australian Waters: An Australian Perspective." Maritime Studies 1996.86 (1996): 18-26.
Vince, Joanna, Britta Denise Hardesty, and Chris Wilcox. "Progress and challenges in eliminating illegal fishing." Fish and Fisheries 22.3 (2021): 518-531.
Visser, Leontine E., and Dedi S. Adhuri. "Territorialization re-examined: transborder marine resources exploitation in Southeast Asia and Australia." Transborder governance of forests, rivers and seas. Routledge, 2012. 83-98.
Wiryawan, Budi, and Akhmad Solihin. Daerah Penangkapan Ikan: Dalam Perspektif Pengelolaan Perikanan Indonesia. (Bandung: Nuansa Ilmu, 2015).