Examining Singapore’s State Responsibility in International Law Perspective for the Death of David Hartanto: A Case Study of an Indonesian Citizen in Singapore's Territorial Territory
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Jan 31, 2024
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Abstract
This paper delves into the complex legal and ethical dimensions surrounding the death of David Hartanto, an Indonesian citizen, within the territorial boundaries of Singapore. Hartanto's tragic demise sparked significant attention and debate, raising questions about Singapore's obligations under international law regarding the protection of foreign nationals within its jurisdiction. Drawing upon legal principles, case law, and relevant international agreements, this study scrutinizes Singapore's state responsibility concerning the death of Hartanto. It analyzes the circumstances leading to his demise, investigates potential breaches of legal obligations by Singaporean authorities, and evaluates the adequacy of the legal frameworks governing the protection of foreign nationals. Moreover, the paper explores the broader implications of this case for diplomatic relations, human rights protections, and the rule of law in the context of transnational incidents involving state responsibility. By critically examining the Hartanto case, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on the intersection of state sovereignty, human rights, and international legal obligations, offering insights into avenues for enhancing accountability and ensuring the protection of individuals irrespective of their nationality within a state’s territorial jurisdiction.
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Ratih, Ayuk Nila, and Hanityo Akbar Kusuma. 2024. “Examining Singapore’s State Responsibility in International Law Perspective for the Death of David Hartanto: A Case Study of an Indonesian Citizen in Singapore’s Territorial Territory”. International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 3 (1), 171-96. https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v3i1.78886.
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References
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Weiss, Edith Brown. "Invoking state responsibility in the twenty-first century." American Journal of International Law 96, no. 4 (2002): 798-816.
Azzam. "The duty of third states to implement and enforce international humanitarian law." Nordic Journal of International Law 66, no. 1 (1997): 55-75.
Barus, Lius Carlos. “Perlindungan Terhadap Terhadap Warga Negara Indonesia di Luar Negeri dalam Kasus Tewasnya David Hartanto Widjaja Ditinjau dari Piagam ASEAN dan Semangat ASEAN”. Thesis (Jakarta: Universitas Pelita Harapan, 2014).
Bedjaoui, Mohammed. "Responsibility of states: fault and strict liability." Encyclopedia of Disputes Installment 10. (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987), pp. 358-362.
Bordin, Fernando Lusa. "Reflections of customary international law: the authority of codification conventions and ILC draft articles in international law." International & Comparative Law Quarterly 63, no. 3 (2014): 535-567.
Castellanos-Jankiewicz, León. "Causation and International State Responsibility." Amsterdam Law School Research Paper 2012-56 (2012).
Chapman, Bruce. "Responsibility and Fault as Legal Concepts." King's Law Journal 12, no. 2 (2001): 212-220.
Costello, Cathryn, and Itamar Mann. "Border justice: migration and accountability for human rights violations." German Law Journal 21, no. 3 (2020): 311-334.
Crawford, James. The International Law Commission's articles on state responsibility: introduction, text and commentaries. (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Davies, Mathew. "States of compliance?: Global human rights treaties and ASEAN member states." Journal of Human Rights 13, no. 4 (2014): 414-433.
Deipha, Imanuel Harpha. “State Responsibility Singapura Terhadap Kasus Meninggal Dunianya Warga Negara Indonesia Yang Berada di Wilayah Teritorial Negara Singapura Ketika Terjadi Denial of Justice (Studi Kasus Meninggal Dunianya David Hartanto)”. Thesis. (Yogyakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, 2010).
Deva, Surya. "Human rights violations by multinational corporations and international law: where from here?." Connecticut Journal of International Law 19, no. 1 (2003): 1-57.
Diggelmann, Oliver. "Fault in the Law of State Responsibility-Pragmatism ad infinitum?." German Yearbook of International Law 49 (2006): 293-305.
Dominicé, Christian. "The international responsibility of states for breach of multilateral obligations." European Journal of International Law 10, no. 2 (1999): 353-363.
Dupuy, Pierre-Marie. "The International Law of State Responsibility: Revolution or Evolution?." Michigan Journal of International Law 11, no. 1 (1989): 105-128.
Fitzmaurice, Malgosia, Malgosia Fitzmaurice, and Dan Sarooshi, eds. Issues of State Responsibility Before International Judicial Institutions: The Clifford Chance Lectures. Vol. 7. (London: Hart Publishing, 2004).
Giddens, Anthony. "Risk and Responsibility." The Modern Law Review 62, no. 1 (1999): 1-10.
Glanville, Luke. "The responsibility to protect beyond borders." Human Rights Law Review 12, no. 1 (2012): 1-32.
Gomez, James, and Robin Ramcharan. "The protection of human rights in Southeast Asia: Improving the effectiveness of civil society." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 13, no. 2 (2012): 27-43.
HukumOnline, “Coroner Court Menyatakan David Hartanto Bunuh Diri”, HukumOnline, July 29, 2009. Available at https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/icoroner-courti-menyatakan-david-hartanto-bunuh-diri-hol22719/.
Istanto, F. Sugeng. Hukum Internasional. (Yogyakarta: UAJY Press, 1998).
KOMPAS, “Ahli Forensik Yakin David Tidak Bunuh Diri”, KOMPAS, August 3, 2009. Retrieved from https://properti.kompas.com/read/2009/08/03/17365186/Ahli.Forensik.Yakin.David.Tidak.Bunuh.Diri.
Kontras, “Kasus Kematian David Hartanto”, Kontras, August 4, 2009. Available online at https://kontras.org/2009/08/04/kasus-kematian-david-hartanto/
Kumm, Mattias. "The legitimacy of international law: A constitutionalist framework of analysis." European Journal of International Law 15, no. 5 (2004): 907-931.
Macklem, Patrick. "Thick Law, Thin Justice." Michigan Law Review 115, no. 6 (2017): 1001-1021.
Maulia, Erwida. “Singaporean court rules David committed suicide”, The Jakarta Post, July 30, 2009. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/07/30/singaporean-court-rules-david-committed-suicide.html.
Meron, Theodor. "State responsibility for violations of human Rights." Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law). Vol. 83. American Society of International Law, 1989.
Nollkaemper, André, and Dov Jacobs. "Shared Responsibility in International Law: A Conceptual Framework." Michigan Journal of International Law 34, no. 2 (2012): 359-438.
Orentlicher, Diane F. "Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime." Yale Law Journal (1991): 2537-2615.
Paasivirta, Esa. "Responsibility of a Member State of an International organization: Where will it end? Comments on Article 60 of the ILC Draft on the Responsibility of International Organizations." International Organizations Law Review 7, no. 1 (2010): 49-61.
Price, Alistair. "State liability and accountability." Acta Juridica 2015, no. 1 (2015): 313-335; Neethling, Johann, and Johan Potgieter. "The law of delict." Annual Survey of South African Law 2011, no. 1 (2011): 747-847.
Provost, René. State Responsibility in International Law. (London: Routledge, 2017).
Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. "State Responsibility to Investigate and Prosecute Grave Human Rights Violations in International Law." California Law Review 78, no. 2 (1990).
Rosenstock, Robert. "The ILC and state responsibility." American Journal of International Law 96, no. 4 (2002): 792-797.
Shaw, Malcolm N. International Law. (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2017).
Simamora, Adianto P. “Family plans to bring case to int'l court”, The Jakarta Post, July 31, 2009. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/07/31/family-plans-bring-case-int039l-court.html.
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. "International law in a world of liberal states." European Journal of International Law 6, no. 3 (1995): 503-538.
United Nations. International Law Commission. Study Group, and Martti Koskenniemi. Fragmentation of International Law: difficulties arising from the diversification and expansion of international law. Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights, 2007.
Van de Poel, Ibo, and Jessica Nihlén Fahlquist. "Risk and responsibility." Essentials of risk theory. (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012), pp. 107-143.
Weiss, Edith Brown. "Invoking state responsibility in the twenty-first century." American Journal of International Law 96, no. 4 (2002): 798-816.