Unmasking Electoral Turmoil: The General Election Supervisory Agency's Battle Against Disputes in Indonesia’s Democracy
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Apr 28, 2023
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Abstract
This paper critically examines the mechanisms employed by the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) in Indonesia for resolving election disputes. Focusing on the country’s democratic landscape, where electoral integrity is paramount, the study delves into the procedural framework and legal avenues that the Bawaslu employs to address election-related conflicts. The research explores the historical context and evolution of the Bawaslu's role, shedding light on its establishment, powers, and responsibilities. By analyzing case studies and key instances of election disputes, the paper evaluates the efficacy and responsiveness of the Bawaslu in managing and adjudicating conflicts within the electoral process. Additionally, the study investigates the legal instruments and regulations governing the Bawaslu's dispute resolution functions. This includes an examination of the agency's authority in interpreting electoral laws, handling complaints, conducting investigations, and rendering decisions. The paper scrutinizes the transparency, accountability, and impartiality of the Bawaslu’s decision-making processes. Furthermore, the research assesses the impact of Bawaslu’s decisions on the broader electoral system, considering implications for public trust, political stability, and the overall health of Indonesia's democracy.
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Purwanto, Budi, Dina Puji Wahyuni, and Ahmad Rafiq Jatihusudo. 2023. “Unmasking Electoral Turmoil: The General Election Supervisory Agency’s Battle Against Disputes in Indonesia’s Democracy”. Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev) 6 (1), 23-52. https://doi.org/10.15294/islrev.v6i1.68228.
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References
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Harish, S. P., and Risa Toha. "A new typology of electoral violence: Insights from Indonesia." Terrorism and Political Violence 31 no. 4 (2019): 687-711.
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Jamaluddin, Jamaluddin. "The Settlement of Election Disputes by Bawaslu Reviewed from the Indonesian Justice System." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 1, no. 5 (2022): 521-531.
Jennifer, Graceyana, Jenaya Adra Rumondor, and Ryan Giovanni Christianto. "Kedudukan Bawaslu dalam Menangani Perselisihan Hasil Pemilu: Persfektif Electoral dan Constitutional Democracy." Awasia: Jurnal Pemilu dan Demokrasi 2, no. 1 (2022): 34-45.
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Kasim, Aminuddin, and Andi Intan Purnamasari. "Bawaslu Electronic Adjudication: The Future of Indonesia’s Election Process Dispute Resolution." Russian Law Journal 11, no. 3 (2023): 1237-1247.
Khair, Otti Ilham, and Wirman Syafri. "The Role of Ethics in Decision Making by the Constitutional Court on the Age Limit for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates." Aristo 12, no. 1 (2023): 297-313.
Kusadarini, Eny, Anang Priyanto, and Sri Hartini. "The process and role of the judiciary in election administration dispute resolution in Indonesia." Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan 18, no. 2 (2021): 334-344.
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Lathif, Nazaruddin, Isep H. Insan, and Mustika Mega Wijaya. "Perspective on Settlement of General Election Disputes Through Mediation, Adjudication and Legal Efforts: Settlement of State Administrative Judicial Disputes." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 5 (2020): 650-661.
Lefteuw, Maksimus, and Lidia Priscilla Pattiasina. "Penyelesaian Pelanggaran Administrasi Pemilu oleh Bawaslu." PATTIMURA Legal Journal 1, no. 2 (2022): 74-85.
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Prayogo, Bagus Edi, and Agung Pandu Winasis. "Overcoming the Black Campaign as a Barriers to Democracy in the Era of Disruption of Information Technology with the Synergy of Bawaslu, the Minister of Communication and Information, and the Cyber Police Team." Law Research Review Quarterly 4, no. 4 (2018): 1129-1140.
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Syafei, Muhammad, and Muhammad Rafi Darajati. "Design of General Election in Indonesia." Law Reform 16, no. 1 (2020): 97-111.
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Afrinal, Afrinal, Nur Rohim Yunus, and Fitria Esfandiari. "Bawaslu Institution and Its Contribution in Resolving Election Disputes." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 10, no. 5 (2023): 1697-1716.
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin. "Electoral Regulation in Indonesia: Is It Modern Law?." Unnes Law Journal 6 no. 2 (2020): 205-216.
Aminuddin, M. Faishal. "Electoral system and party dimension assessment in democratic Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 20, no. 1 (2016): 1-15.
Arifin, Ridwan, and Saktiani Nurul Hidayat. "Organizing Democracy through General Elections in Indonesia: The Challenge of Law Enforcement and State Stability." SOSPOL: Jurnal Sosial Politik 5 no. 2 (2019): 333-344.
Arifin, Ridwan. "Democracy on Indonesian Legal Reform: How Can People Participate on Laws and Regulations Establishment Process." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 2, no. 2 (2017): 155-158.
Arifin, Ridwan. "Legal Reform Discourse in Indonesia and Global Context: How Does the Law Respond to Crime." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 1 no. 2 (2020): 193-196.
Aspinall, Edward, and Ward Berenschot. Democracy for Sale: Pemilihan Umum, Klientelisme, dan Negara di Indonesia. (Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2019).
Bachtiar, Farahdiba Rahma. "Pemilu Indonesia: kiblat negara demokrasi dari berbagai refresentasi." Jurnal Politik Profetik 2, no. 1 (2014).
Barokah, Fitria, and Hertanto Hertanto. "Disrupsi Politik: Peluang dan Tantangan Partai Politik Baru Jelang Pemilu 2024." Nakhoda: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan 21, no. 1 (2022): 1-13.
Budhiati, Ida. "Quo Vadis Demokrasi Prosedural Dan Pemilu: Sebuah Refleksi Teoritis." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 42, no. 2 (2013): 268-273.
Butt, Simon, and Fritz Siregar. "Multilayered oversight: Electoral administration in Indonesia." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 16, no. S1 (2021): S121-S135.
Djuyandi, Yusa, and Arief Hidayat. "The Role of Bawaslu Supervision in Handling Disputes Election Results in Indonesia." Central European Journal of International & Security Studies 13, no. 4 (2019): 499-517.
Ellis, Andrew. "Indonesia: Transition and change but electoral system continuity." In The Handbook of Electoral System Choice. (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016), pp. 497-511.
Erniyanti, Erniyanti, Febry Rizky Al Fadilla Sitompul, and Ngatemi Ngatemi. "The Value of Justice in Dispute Resolution BAWASLU." LITERACY: International Scientific Journals of Social, Education, Humanities 2, no. 3 (2023): 18-31.
Esfandiari, Fitria, and Sholahuddin Al-Fatih. "Initiating a Permanent Electoral Body to Resolve Dignified Election Disputes: Assessing the Effectiveness of Gakkumdu." Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 9, no. 3 (2020): 333-347.
Febriansyah, Muhamad, et al. "Bawaslu and the Dynamic of Election Monitoring in Indonesia." International Conference on Democratisation in Southeast Asia (ICDeSA 2019). Atlantis Press, 2019.
Febriansyah, Muhammad, Muhamad Takiyuddin Ismail, and Norazam Mohd Noor. "Competing not complementing: KPU, Bawaslu, and the dynamic of election monitoring in PEMILU 2019." Asian Journal of Political Science 28, no. 3 (2020): 275-293.
Ferdian, Ferdian, Asrinaldi Asrinaldi, and Syahrizal Syahrizal. "Perilaku Memilih Masyarakat, Malpraktik Pemilu dan Pelanggaran Pemilu." NUSANTARA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial 6, no. 1 (2019): 20-31.
Hamimah, Siti. "Strengthen the Role and Function of Bawaslu in Election Supervision and Law Enforcement." Law Research Review Quarterly 4, no. 3 (2018): 803-828.
Hardjomuljadi, Sarwono. "Use of Dispute Avoidance and Adjudication Boards." Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction 12, no. 4 (2020): 03720004.
Harish, S. P., and Risa Toha. "A new typology of electoral violence: Insights from Indonesia." Terrorism and Political Violence 31 no. 4 (2019): 687-711.
Haryanti, Amelia, and Yulita Pujilestari. "Fungsi dan Peran Bawaslu dalam Pemilu Sebagai Implementasi Penegakan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum." Jurnal Surya Kencana Dua Dinamika Masalah Hukum dan Keadilan 6, no. 1 (2019): 747-766.
Ilham, Ilham. “Sengketa Hasil Pemilu, MK Putus Perintahkan Penghitungan Suara Ulang 11 Desa dan Kelurahan di Dapil Jawa Barat 3”, Online News Constitutional Court the Republic of Indonesia, June 27, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=10028
Ismail, Ilham Yamin, et al. "Democracy and incumbent political power struggle for the Indonesian regional head election." Asian Social Science 10, no. 10 (2014): 212-218.
Jamaluddin, Jamaluddin. "The Settlement of Election Disputes by Bawaslu Reviewed from the Indonesian Justice System." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 1, no. 5 (2022): 521-531.
Jennifer, Graceyana, Jenaya Adra Rumondor, and Ryan Giovanni Christianto. "Kedudukan Bawaslu dalam Menangani Perselisihan Hasil Pemilu: Persfektif Electoral dan Constitutional Democracy." Awasia: Jurnal Pemilu dan Demokrasi 2, no. 1 (2022): 34-45.
Kaaba, O'Brien. "The challenges of adjudicating presidential election disputes in domestic courts in Africa." African Human Rights Law Journal 15, no. 2 (2015): 329-354.
Kapucu, Naim, and Qian Hu. Network Governance: Concepts, Theories, and Applications. (London: Routledge, 2020).
Kasim, Aminuddin, and Andi Intan Purnamasari. "Bawaslu Electronic Adjudication: The Future of Indonesia’s Election Process Dispute Resolution." Russian Law Journal 11, no. 3 (2023): 1237-1247.
Khair, Otti Ilham, and Wirman Syafri. "The Role of Ethics in Decision Making by the Constitutional Court on the Age Limit for Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates." Aristo 12, no. 1 (2023): 297-313.
Kusadarini, Eny, Anang Priyanto, and Sri Hartini. "The process and role of the judiciary in election administration dispute resolution in Indonesia." Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan 18, no. 2 (2021): 334-344.
Kusdarini, Eny, et al. "Roles of Justice Courts: Settlement of General Election Administrative Disputes in Indonesia." Heliyon 8, no. 12 (2022).
Lathif, Nazaruddin, Isep H. Insan, and Mustika Mega Wijaya. "Perspective on Settlement of General Election Disputes Through Mediation, Adjudication and Legal Efforts: Settlement of State Administrative Judicial Disputes." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 7, no. 5 (2020): 650-661.
Lefteuw, Maksimus, and Lidia Priscilla Pattiasina. "Penyelesaian Pelanggaran Administrasi Pemilu oleh Bawaslu." PATTIMURA Legal Journal 1, no. 2 (2022): 74-85.
Lubis, Mhd Teguh Syuhada, et al. "The Criminal Law Policy on the General Election System in Indonesia." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 23 no. 3 (2023): 587-600.
Mpesau, Alasman. "Kewenangan Badan Pengawas Pemilu dalam Penanganan Pelanggaran Administrasi Ditinjau dari Perspektif Sistem Peradilan Indonesia." Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) 2, no. 2 (2021): 74-85.
Muhammad, Muhammad. "Evaluasi Undang-Undang Pemilu." Jurnal Arajang 3, no. 1 (2020): 60-72.
Munte, Herdi, and Mirza Nasution. "Administrative Dispute Settlement Local Leaders Election in Indonesia." International Conference on Law, Governance and Islamic Society (ICOLGIS 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020.
Nkansah, Lydia Apori. "Dispute resolution and electoral justice in Africa: The way forward." Africa Development 41, no. 2 (2016): 97-131.
Noak, Piers Andreas. "Politik Hukum, Demokrasi Digital, dan Kekuasaan Partai Politik Menyongsong Pemilu 2024 di Indonesia." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 12 (2023): 596-612.
Prayogo, Bagus Edi, and Agung Pandu Winasis. "Overcoming the Black Campaign as a Barriers to Democracy in the Era of Disruption of Information Technology with the Synergy of Bawaslu, the Minister of Communication and Information, and the Cyber Police Team." Law Research Review Quarterly 4, no. 4 (2018): 1129-1140.
Putra, Happy Anugraha, and Anwar Noris. "Lembaga Penyelesaian Sengketa Pemilu yang Ideal di Indonesia." Diversi 6, no. 1 (2020): 73-91.
Putri, Mery Christian. "Pendanaan Kampanye: antara Demokrasi dan Kriminalisasi." Jurnal Kajian Hukum 2, no. 1 (2017): 58-78.
Rajagukguk, Kadir Johnson, Sofjan Aripin, and Heri Wahyudi. "Simultaneous General Election: It Is Fair for Democracy in Indonesia." JIP (Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan): Kajian Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Politik Daerah 6 no. 1 (2021): 56-64.
Republic of Indonesia. Peraturan Bawaslu Nomor 9 Tahun 2022 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Sengketa Proses Pemilihan Umum. (Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara, 2022). Available online at https://peraturan.go.id/files/bn1124-2022.pdf
Santoso, Anas, and Usman Usman. "Neutrality of the State Civil Apparatus in the Democratic Party of Regional Head Election (Pilkada)." Unnes Law Journal 7, no. 2 (2021): 203-224.
Sarat, Austin, and Joel B. Grossman. "Courts and conflict resolution: problems in the mobilization of adjudication." American Political Science Review 69, no. 4 (1975): 1200-1217.
Setiawan, Andi, Irma Fitriana Ulfah, and Rizqi Bachtiar. "Jejaring Kelembagaan Bawaslu dalam Penanganan Pelanggaran Pemilihan Umum Serentak Tahun 2019." Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik 3, no. 1 (2020): 15-28.
Sulaiman, Baihaki, and Yoyoh Rohaniah. "Analisis Pemilu dengan Sistem Proporsional Terbuka." Petanda: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (2022): 88-105.
Sulistyo, Hermawan. "Electoral politics in Indonesia: A hard way to democracy." Electoral Politics in Southeast Asia and East Asia, Singapore: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (2002): 75-99.
Suryani, Dini. "Defending democracy: Citizen participation in election monitoring in post-authoritarian Indonesia." Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan 6, no. 1 (2015): 1-17.
Syafei, Muhammad, and Muhammad Rafi Darajati. "Design of General Election in Indonesia." Law Reform 16, no. 1 (2020): 97-111.
Syahputra, Dedy, and Muhammad Rajief. "Tugas dan Wewenang Bawaslu di Indonesia Pasca Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Pemilu." Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling (JPDK) 4, no. 4 (2022): 2189-1297.
Syahuri, Taufiqurrohman, and Muhammad Helmi Fahrozi. "Konstitusionalitas Pasal 222 UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilu (Presidential Treshold)." Al Wasath Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 1, no. 1 (2020): 25-34.
Syarifudin, Ahmad. "Implikasi Adanya Upaya Hukum Terhadap Putusan Bawaslu Tentang Pelanggaran Administratif Pemilu." Cepalo 4, no. 1 (2020): 1-14.
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