Ecological Sustainability from a Legal Philosophy Perspective
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Published
Nov 5, 2023
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Abstract
Gustav Radbruch made a fundamental contribution to legal thought, by suggesting the framework of legal justice, legal benefit, and legal certainty as the main purposes of law. This framework is widely accepted and still serves as a basis for thinking about questions of legal interpretation and the problems of legal positivism. This article argues that Radbruch’s framework falls short of addressing legal issues related to the threats of ecological crisis. Looking at legal theory and legal practice, we propose to add “sustainability” as a meta-value to Radbruch’s ideals of the legal system.
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How to Cite
Putro, W. D., & Bedner, A. W. (2023). Ecological Sustainability from a Legal Philosophy Perspective. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 8(2), 595-632. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i2.71127
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Research Articles
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References
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Arif, Ahmad. “Dunia Masih Gagal Menghentikan Deforestasi”, KOMPAS, October 25 (2023). Retrieved from https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2023/10/25/dunia-masih-gagal-menghentikan-deforestasi-dengan-tren-meningkat-pada-2022
Ashley, Clarence D. “Should There Be Freedom of Contract.” Columbia Law Review 4, No. 6 (1904): 423–427. https://doi.org/10.2307/1109442.
Atapattu, Sumudu. “Climate Change, International Environmental Law Principles, and the North-South Divide.” Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 26, No. 2 (2017): 247–261.
Barry, Brian. “Sustainability and Intergenerational Justice.” Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 89 (2008): 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198294891.003.0005.
Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards A New Modernity. (London, Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1992).
Bentham, Jeremy. Principles of Morals and Legislation. (Ontario: Batoche Books, 2000).
Binawan, Al. Andang, and Tanius Sebastian. “Menim(b)ang keadilan eko-sosial.” Kertas Kerja Epistema, No. 07 (2012). Online at https://epistema.or.id/publikasi/working-paper/menimbang-keadilan-eko-sosial/
Birke, Lynda I.A. Feminism, Animals, and Science: The Naming of the Shrew. (Maidenhead: Open University Press, 1994).
Boulot, Emille, et al. "Posthuman legalities: New Materialism and law beyond the human." Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 12, No. 1 (2021): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802203349.00004.
Brix, Brian H. “Radbruch’s Formula, Conceptual Analysis, and the Rule of Law.” The American Journal of Jurisprudence 56, No. 1 (2011): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajj/56.1.45.
Chen, Xiaoyong. “Climate Change: Causes, Impacts, and Adaptation.” GSU Intellectual Life Grant (2015).
Evseeva, Oksana, Svetlana Evseeva, and Tamara Dudarenko. “The Impact of Human Activity on the Global Warming.” E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128411017.
Fox, Warwick. “Transpersonal Ecology: ‘Psychologizing Ecophilosophy.” Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 22, No. 1 (1990): 59–96.
Fukurai, Hiroshi. “President’s Farewell Message: The Anthropocene, Earth Jurisprudence, and the Rights of Nature.” Asian Journal of Law and Society 7 (2020): 613–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3819813.
Gaard, Greta. “Living Interconnections with Animals and Nature.” In Ecofeminism: Women, Animal, Nature. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).
Gonzales, Carmen G., and Sunudu Atapatu. “International Environmental, Environmental Justice, and the Global Youth.” Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 26 (2017): 229–242.
Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. (New York & London: Garland Publishing Inc, 1977).
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Jaria-Manzano, Jordi. “Beyond Sustainability: Challenges for Environmental Law in the Era of Uncertainty.” Environmental Policy and Law 52, No. 2 (2022): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.3233/EPL-219027.
Joseph, R. A. Z. "Legal Principles and the Limits of Law." Yale Law Journal 81.5 (1972): 823-54.
Kaiho, Kunio. “Relationship Between Extinction Magnitude and Climate Change During Major Marine/Terrestrial Animal Crises.” Biogeosciences Discussions 19 (2022): 3369–3380. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3369-2022.
Kelsen, Hans. General Theory of Law and State. (New York: Russel & Russel, 1973).
Li, Huey-li. “Cross-Cultural Critique of Ecofeminism.” In Ecofeminism: Women, Animal, Nature. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).
Luke, Timothy W. “Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered: Devall and Sessions on Defending the Earth.” Organization & Environment 15, No. 2 (2002): 178–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/10826602015002.
Merchant, Carolyn. "The scientific revolution and the death of nature." ISIS 97, No. 3 (2006): 513-533. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/508090
Mickey, Sam. “Contributions to Anthropocosmic Environmental Ethics.” Worldviews 11 (2) (2007): 226–47.
Moeliono, Tristam P., and Tanius Sebastian. “Tendensi Reduksionis dan Utilitarianis dalam Ilmu Hukum Indonesia: Membaca Ulang Filsafat Hukum Gustav Radbruch,” Thesis. (Bandung: Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, 2015).
Muhtada, Dani. "The Prospects for Public Management Reform in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 2, No. 2 (2017): 145-154. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v2i02.19437.
Murjiyanto, R., D. Andani, E.S. Wibawanti, S.R. Ika, and S. Fransiska. “Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility of Companies in the Natural Resources Business Industry: An Indonesian Juridical Perspective.” IOP. Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1165, No. 1 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1165/1/012032.
Murphy, Patrick D. “The Economist Subsistence Perspective Revisited in An Age of Land Grabs and Its Representations in Contemporary Literature.” FEMINISMO/S 22 (2013): 205–224. https://doi.org/10.14198/FEM.2013.22.11
Myrvoll, Anastasiia. “The Principle of Intergenerational Equity: To What Extent Does It Concern the Problem of Deforestation?” Thesis (Oslo: Faculty of Law, University of Oslo, 2022).
Naess, Arne, and George Sessions. “The Basic Principles of Deep Ecology.” The Trumpeter 3, No. 4 (1986).
Naess, Arne. The Deep Ecology Movement: Some philosophical Aspects, 1986, in Environmental Ethics an Anthology (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2003).
Niyobuhungiro, Joel. “International Economic Law, International Environmental Law and Sustainable Development: The Need for Complementarity and Equal Implementation.” Environmental Policy and Law 49, No. 1 (2019): 36–39. https://doi.org/DOI:10.3233/EPL-190122.
Nugroho, Akbar Tri, and Hendra Hendra. “Penerapan Asas In Dubio Pro Reo Pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Dalam Perkara Pidana.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Kenotariatan Repertorium 10, No. 1 (2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/rpt.v10i1.1189.
Olsen, Henrik Palmer, and Stuart Toddington. Architectures of Justice Legal Theory and the Idea of Institutional Design. (London: Routledge, 2007), pp. 84-87.
Pane, Erina. “Hak Guna Air dalam Hubungannya dengan Privatisasi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air.” Pranata Hukum 3, No. 1 (2008): 13–30.
Panov, V. I. "Ecological thinking, consciousness, responsibility." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 86 (2013): 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.583.
Purniawati, Purniawati, Nikmatul Kasana, and Rodiyah Rodiyah. "Good environmental governance in indonesia (perspective of environmental protection and management)." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, No. 1 (2020): 43-56. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v2i1.37328.
Radbruch, Gustav. “Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy (1945).” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 26 (1) (2006): 13–15. https://doi.org/10.10933/ojls/gqi042.
Radbruch, Gustav. Der innere Weg: Aufriss meines Lebens. (Stuttgart K. F. Koehler Verlag, 1951).
Risaldi, Wahyu, Mujibussalim, and M. Gaussyah. “Penerapan Asas In Dubio Pro Natura dan In Dubio Pro Reo oleh Hakim Perkara Lingkungan Hidup.” Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, No. 3 (2018): 547–560. https://doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v20i3.11151.
Rohman, A. Syarifuddin, Fitrahayunitisna, and I Kadek Yudi Astawan. “Nilai Ekologis Cerita Rakyat Dewi Sri dan Implikasinya dalam Kehidupan Pragmatis Masyarakat Petani Jawa Timur.” WASKITA: Jurnal Pendidikan Nilai dan Pembangunan Karakter 6 (1) (2022): 86-95. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.waskita.2022.006.01.7.
Salleh, Ariel. Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx, and the Postmodern. (London: Zed Books, 2017).
Satmaidi, Edra. “Konsep Deep Ecology dalam Pengaturan Hukum Lingkungan.” Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum 24, No. 2 (2015): 192-105. https://doi.org/10.33369/jsh.24.2.192-105.
Saturi, Sapariah. “Laporan Greenpeace: Freeport Ancam Kelestarian Laut Indonesia”, MONGABAY, July 25 (2013). Retrieved from https://www.mongabay.co.id/2013/07/25/laporan-greenpeace-freeport-ancam-kelestarian-laut-indonesia/
Skolimowski, Henryk. Philosophy for a new civilisation. (New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2005).
Stone, Christopher D. “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities in International Law.” The American Journal of International Law 98, No. 2 (2004): 276–301.
Suryawan, I Gusti Bagus. “Strengthening Environmental Law Policy and Its Influence on Environmental Sustainability Performance: Empirical Studies of Green Constitution in Adopting Countries.” International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, No. 2 (2020): 132–138.
Tan, Seow Hon. “Radbruch’s Formula Revisited: The ‘Lex Injusta Non Est Lex’ Maxim in Constitutional Democracy.” Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 34, No. 2 (2021): 461–491. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2021.12.
Williams, Miriama, and Manuel F. Montes. “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities: Which Way Forward.” Development 59, No. 1–2 (2016): 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-017-0097-6.
Alexy, Robert. "Gustav Radbruch’s Concept of Law." Law’s Ideal Dimension 26, No. 1946 (2021): 1-14
Anggusti, Martono. “Environmental Policy in the Wake of Indonesia’s Fourth Industrial Revolution.” Environmental Policy and Law 49, No. 2/3 (2019): 125–129. https://doi.org/10.3233/EPL-190145.
Anjum, Tasneem. “Ecofeminism: Exploitation of Women and Nature.” International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 5, No. 4 (2020): 846–848. https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.54.2.
Arif, Ahmad. “Dunia Masih Gagal Menghentikan Deforestasi”, KOMPAS, October 25 (2023). Retrieved from https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2023/10/25/dunia-masih-gagal-menghentikan-deforestasi-dengan-tren-meningkat-pada-2022
Ashley, Clarence D. “Should There Be Freedom of Contract.” Columbia Law Review 4, No. 6 (1904): 423–427. https://doi.org/10.2307/1109442.
Atapattu, Sumudu. “Climate Change, International Environmental Law Principles, and the North-South Divide.” Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 26, No. 2 (2017): 247–261.
Barry, Brian. “Sustainability and Intergenerational Justice.” Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 89 (2008): 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198294891.003.0005.
Beck, Ulrich. Risk Society: Towards A New Modernity. (London, Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1992).
Bentham, Jeremy. Principles of Morals and Legislation. (Ontario: Batoche Books, 2000).
Binawan, Al. Andang, and Tanius Sebastian. “Menim(b)ang keadilan eko-sosial.” Kertas Kerja Epistema, No. 07 (2012). Online at https://epistema.or.id/publikasi/working-paper/menimbang-keadilan-eko-sosial/
Birke, Lynda I.A. Feminism, Animals, and Science: The Naming of the Shrew. (Maidenhead: Open University Press, 1994).
Boulot, Emille, et al. "Posthuman legalities: New Materialism and law beyond the human." Journal of Human Rights and the Environment 12, No. 1 (2021): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802203349.00004.
Brix, Brian H. “Radbruch’s Formula, Conceptual Analysis, and the Rule of Law.” The American Journal of Jurisprudence 56, No. 1 (2011): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajj/56.1.45.
Chen, Xiaoyong. “Climate Change: Causes, Impacts, and Adaptation.” GSU Intellectual Life Grant (2015).
Evseeva, Oksana, Svetlana Evseeva, and Tamara Dudarenko. “The Impact of Human Activity on the Global Warming.” E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128411017.
Fox, Warwick. “Transpersonal Ecology: ‘Psychologizing Ecophilosophy.” Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 22, No. 1 (1990): 59–96.
Fukurai, Hiroshi. “President’s Farewell Message: The Anthropocene, Earth Jurisprudence, and the Rights of Nature.” Asian Journal of Law and Society 7 (2020): 613–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3819813.
Gaard, Greta. “Living Interconnections with Animals and Nature.” In Ecofeminism: Women, Animal, Nature. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).
Gonzales, Carmen G., and Sunudu Atapatu. “International Environmental, Environmental Justice, and the Global Youth.” Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems 26 (2017): 229–242.
Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. (New York & London: Garland Publishing Inc, 1977).
Indonesian Supreme Court Decision. “Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung: Putusan No. 651 K/PDT/2015v,” 2023. Online at https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/bbf15c165693d4bdda18ed636b2c40b1.html.
Indonesian Supreme Court Decision. “Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung: Putusan PN MEULABOH Nomor 16/Pdt.G/2017/PN Mbo,” 2017. Online at https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/89a08d0cb477ecacfd081b5aa614a1ad.
Indonesian Supreme Court Decision. “Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung: Putusan 374/Pdt.G/Lh/2019/Pn Jkt.Pst,” 2021. Online at https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/direktori/putusan/zaec2b0d732a5e24a30f313033353330.html.
Jaria-Manzano, Jordi. “Beyond Sustainability: Challenges for Environmental Law in the Era of Uncertainty.” Environmental Policy and Law 52, No. 2 (2022): 93–104. https://doi.org/10.3233/EPL-219027.
Joseph, R. A. Z. "Legal Principles and the Limits of Law." Yale Law Journal 81.5 (1972): 823-54.
Kaiho, Kunio. “Relationship Between Extinction Magnitude and Climate Change During Major Marine/Terrestrial Animal Crises.” Biogeosciences Discussions 19 (2022): 3369–3380. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3369-2022.
Kelsen, Hans. General Theory of Law and State. (New York: Russel & Russel, 1973).
Li, Huey-li. “Cross-Cultural Critique of Ecofeminism.” In Ecofeminism: Women, Animal, Nature. (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).
Luke, Timothy W. “Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered: Devall and Sessions on Defending the Earth.” Organization & Environment 15, No. 2 (2002): 178–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/10826602015002.
Merchant, Carolyn. "The scientific revolution and the death of nature." ISIS 97, No. 3 (2006): 513-533. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/508090
Mickey, Sam. “Contributions to Anthropocosmic Environmental Ethics.” Worldviews 11 (2) (2007): 226–47.
Moeliono, Tristam P., and Tanius Sebastian. “Tendensi Reduksionis dan Utilitarianis dalam Ilmu Hukum Indonesia: Membaca Ulang Filsafat Hukum Gustav Radbruch,” Thesis. (Bandung: Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, 2015).
Muhtada, Dani. "The Prospects for Public Management Reform in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 2, No. 2 (2017): 145-154. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v2i02.19437.
Murjiyanto, R., D. Andani, E.S. Wibawanti, S.R. Ika, and S. Fransiska. “Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility of Companies in the Natural Resources Business Industry: An Indonesian Juridical Perspective.” IOP. Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1165, No. 1 (2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1165/1/012032.
Murphy, Patrick D. “The Economist Subsistence Perspective Revisited in An Age of Land Grabs and Its Representations in Contemporary Literature.” FEMINISMO/S 22 (2013): 205–224. https://doi.org/10.14198/FEM.2013.22.11
Myrvoll, Anastasiia. “The Principle of Intergenerational Equity: To What Extent Does It Concern the Problem of Deforestation?” Thesis (Oslo: Faculty of Law, University of Oslo, 2022).
Naess, Arne, and George Sessions. “The Basic Principles of Deep Ecology.” The Trumpeter 3, No. 4 (1986).
Naess, Arne. The Deep Ecology Movement: Some philosophical Aspects, 1986, in Environmental Ethics an Anthology (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2003).
Niyobuhungiro, Joel. “International Economic Law, International Environmental Law and Sustainable Development: The Need for Complementarity and Equal Implementation.” Environmental Policy and Law 49, No. 1 (2019): 36–39. https://doi.org/DOI:10.3233/EPL-190122.
Nugroho, Akbar Tri, and Hendra Hendra. “Penerapan Asas In Dubio Pro Reo Pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Dalam Perkara Pidana.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Kenotariatan Repertorium 10, No. 1 (2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/rpt.v10i1.1189.
Olsen, Henrik Palmer, and Stuart Toddington. Architectures of Justice Legal Theory and the Idea of Institutional Design. (London: Routledge, 2007), pp. 84-87.
Pane, Erina. “Hak Guna Air dalam Hubungannya dengan Privatisasi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air.” Pranata Hukum 3, No. 1 (2008): 13–30.
Panov, V. I. "Ecological thinking, consciousness, responsibility." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 86 (2013): 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.583.
Purniawati, Purniawati, Nikmatul Kasana, and Rodiyah Rodiyah. "Good environmental governance in indonesia (perspective of environmental protection and management)." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 2, No. 1 (2020): 43-56. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v2i1.37328.
Radbruch, Gustav. “Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy (1945).” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 26 (1) (2006): 13–15. https://doi.org/10.10933/ojls/gqi042.
Radbruch, Gustav. Der innere Weg: Aufriss meines Lebens. (Stuttgart K. F. Koehler Verlag, 1951).
Risaldi, Wahyu, Mujibussalim, and M. Gaussyah. “Penerapan Asas In Dubio Pro Natura dan In Dubio Pro Reo oleh Hakim Perkara Lingkungan Hidup.” Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 20, No. 3 (2018): 547–560. https://doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v20i3.11151.
Rohman, A. Syarifuddin, Fitrahayunitisna, and I Kadek Yudi Astawan. “Nilai Ekologis Cerita Rakyat Dewi Sri dan Implikasinya dalam Kehidupan Pragmatis Masyarakat Petani Jawa Timur.” WASKITA: Jurnal Pendidikan Nilai dan Pembangunan Karakter 6 (1) (2022): 86-95. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.waskita.2022.006.01.7.
Salleh, Ariel. Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx, and the Postmodern. (London: Zed Books, 2017).
Satmaidi, Edra. “Konsep Deep Ecology dalam Pengaturan Hukum Lingkungan.” Supremasi Hukum: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum 24, No. 2 (2015): 192-105. https://doi.org/10.33369/jsh.24.2.192-105.
Saturi, Sapariah. “Laporan Greenpeace: Freeport Ancam Kelestarian Laut Indonesia”, MONGABAY, July 25 (2013). Retrieved from https://www.mongabay.co.id/2013/07/25/laporan-greenpeace-freeport-ancam-kelestarian-laut-indonesia/
Skolimowski, Henryk. Philosophy for a new civilisation. (New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House, 2005).
Stone, Christopher D. “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities in International Law.” The American Journal of International Law 98, No. 2 (2004): 276–301.
Suryawan, I Gusti Bagus. “Strengthening Environmental Law Policy and Its Influence on Environmental Sustainability Performance: Empirical Studies of Green Constitution in Adopting Countries.” International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, No. 2 (2020): 132–138.
Tan, Seow Hon. “Radbruch’s Formula Revisited: The ‘Lex Injusta Non Est Lex’ Maxim in Constitutional Democracy.” Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 34, No. 2 (2021): 461–491. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjlj.2021.12.
Williams, Miriama, and Manuel F. Montes. “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities: Which Way Forward.” Development 59, No. 1–2 (2016): 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41301-017-0097-6.