Green Tourism Regulation on Sustainable Development: Droning from Indonesia and China

Main Article Content

Abdul Kadir Jaelani
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-0598
Muhammad Jihadul Hayat
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-5625
Resti Dian Luthviati
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3549-2757
Sholahuddin Al-Fatih
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-5182
M. Misbahul Mujib
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-7978

Abstract

For more than five decades (since 1972), the world has increasingly directed its attention toward sustainable development, one of which encompasses the domain of green tourism. Indonesia and China stand as two nations committed to the Sustainable Development Goals and green tourism. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether the legal framework on green tourism in both countries has achieved comprehensiveness and the extent of its implementation's effectiveness. This article aims to explore the regulations on green tourism in Indonesia and China, along with their respective impacts. Drawing on a statute approach, this article argues that Indonesia has established multiple levels of regulations concerning green tourism as a part of its commitment to sustainable development and China. In practice, both Indonesia and China have implemented these regulations, leading to discernible positive effects on societal welfare. However, conventional regulatory overlap persists in Indonesia, and the implementation appears less than optimal. In another context, China adopts a streamlined regulatory framework and appears to have achieved greater effectiveness in the implementation of green tourism.

Article Details

How to Cite
Jaelani, A. K., Hayat, M. J., Luthviati, R. D., Al-Fatih, S., & Mujib, M. M. (2023). Green Tourism Regulation on Sustainable Development: Droning from Indonesia and China. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 8(2), 663-706. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i2.72210
Section
Research Articles

References

Afifah, Ratih Nur, et al. “Ecotourism Development as a Community-Based Conservation Effort in Ayah Mangrove Forest, Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia.” Asian Journal of Forestry 7, No. 1 (2023): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r070105.

Agustinus, Leo Jimmi, F. X.Adji Samekto, and Budi Ispriyarso. “Towards a Fairer Future: Examining Environmental Permits in Indonesia and Sweden Through the Lens of Sustainable Development and Equity.” Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, No. 2 (July 2023): e284. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i2.284.

Alvianna, Stella, Syarif Hidayatullah, Irany Windhyastiti, and Umu Khouroh. “The Role of Green Tourism Perception, Environmental Concern and Intention of Participation in Green Tourism on Environmentally Responsible Tourism Behavior.” Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan 10, No. 1 (2022): 79–87. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v10i1.8022.

Ariyanto, Ariyanto. “Green Tourism Management for Sustainable Tourism Development in the Age of Disruption.” Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu 2, No. 1 (July 2022): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.58471/jms.v2i1.394.

Aspan, Zulkifli, and Ahsan Yunus. “The Right to a Good and Healthy Environment: Revitalizing Green Constitution.” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 343 (2019): 12067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012067

Bai, Xiao, Kuan Ting Wang, Trung Kien Tran, Muhammad Sadiq, Lam Minh Trung, and Khurshid Khudoykulov. “Measuring China’s Green Economic Recovery and Energy Environment Sustainability: Econometric Analysis of Sustainable Development Goals.” Economic Analysis and Policy 75 (September 2022): 768–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.07.005.

Baloch, Qadar Bakhsh, Syed Naseeb Shah, Nadeem Iqbal, Muhammad Sheeraz, Muhammad Asadullah, Sourath Mahar, and Asia Umar Khan. “Impact of Tourism Development upon Environmental Sustainability: A Suggested Framework for Sustainable Ecotourism.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30, No. 3 (2023): 5917–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22496-w.

Baumber, Alex, John Merson, and Chris Lockhart Smith. “Promoting Low-Carbon Tourism through Adaptive Regional Certification.” Climate 9, No. 1 (2021): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9010015.

Budiartha, I Nyoman Putu, I Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, and A.A. Sagung Laksmi Dewi. “Environment Law-Based Rural Tourism Regulations in Bali.” Journal Equity of Law and Governance 2, No. 1 (2022): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.55637/elg.2.1.4158.1-8.

Chen, Qiao, Yan Mao, and Alastair M. Morrison. “Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Tourism Carbon Emissions.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, No. 23 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312850.

Chen, Wen, and Ying Wu. “China’s New Environmental Protection Law and Green Innovation: Evidence from Prefecture-Level Cities.” Complexity 2021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5566357.

Chen, Yuan, Jie Zhang, and Hui Chen. “An Economic Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Development in China.” Economic Change and Restructuring, No. 0123456789 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-023-09512-w.

Choi, Gayoung, Jongmin Kim, Made Yaya Sawitri, and Sue Kyoung Lee. “Ecotourism Market Segmentation in Bali, Indonesia: Opportunities for Implementing REDD+.” Land 9, No. 6 (2020): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/LAND9060186.

Dahlan, Mohammad Zaini, Budi Faisal, Sofia Chaeriyah, Ina Winiastuti Hutriani, and Mira Amelia. “Review of Urban Greening Policy in Indonesia: A Case Study in Jakarta Province.” International Journal on Livable Space 6, No. 1 (January 2023): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.25105/livas.v6i1.10678.

Dewi, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi, Mella Ismelina Farma Rahayu, and Anak Agung Ngurah Adhi Wibisana. “Green Tourism in Sustainable Tourism.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 23, No. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.

Diaz-Iglesias, Susana, Alicia Blanco-Gonzalez, and Carmen Orden-Cruz. “Theoretical Framework for Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility and Change Management.” Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 16, No. 6 (2021): 315–32. https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2021.08.025.

Dwyer, Larry. “Tourism Contribution to the SDGs: Applying a Well-Being Lens.” European Journal of Tourism Research 32, No. 2022 (2022): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v32i.2500.

Edgell, David L. "International Sustainable Tourism Policy." The Brown Journal of World Affairs 22, No. 1 (2015): 25-36.

Fahmawee, Emad Al Dein Al, and Omar Jawabreh. “Sustainability of Green Tourism By International Tourists and Its Impact on Green Environmental Achievement: Petra Heritage, Jordan.” Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites 46, No. 1 (2023): 27–36. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.46103-997.

Fragidis, Garyfallos, Kyriakos Riskos, and Iordanis Kotzaivazoglou. “Designing the Tourist Journey for the Advancement of Sustainable Tourist Practices.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 14, No. 15 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159778.

Giorgi, Emanuele, Tiziano Cattaneo, Minqing Ni, and Renata Enríquez Alatriste. “Sustainability and Effectiveness of Chinese Outline for National Tourism and Leisure.” Sustainability 12, No. 3 (2020): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031161.

Greenstone, Michael, Guojun He, Shanjun Li, and Eric Zou. “China’s War on Pollution: Evidence from the First Five Years.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3764874.

Haibo, Chen, Emmanuel Caesar Ayamba, Thomas Bilaliib Udimal, Andrew Osei Agyemang, and Appiah Ruth. “Tourism and Sustainable Development in China: A Review.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, No. 31 (2020): 39077–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10016-7.

Hailiang, Zeng, Ka Yin Chau, and Muhammad Waqas. “Does Green Finance and Renewable Energy Promote Tourism for Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence from China.” Renewable Energy 207 (May 2023): 660–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.032.

Hakim, Aal Lukmanul. “Dissecting the Contents of Law in Indonesia on Halal Product Assurance.” Indonesia Law Review 5, No. 1 (2015): 88-103. https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v5n1.135

Higgins-Desbiolles, Freya. “The ‘War over Tourism’: Challenges to Sustainable Tourism in the Tourism Academy after COVID-19.” Journal of Sustainable Tourism 29, No. 4 (2020): 551–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1803334.

Hu, Dianxi, Jianling Jiao, Yunshu Tang, Xiaofei Han, and Huaping Sun. “The Effect of Global Value Chain Position on Green Technology Innovation Efficiency: From the Perspective of Environmental Regulation.” Ecological Indicators 121 (February 2021): 107195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107195.

Ilyas, Muh Nuh, I Putu Astawa, Gede Ginaya, and Ni Made Rai Erawati. “Application of Green Tourism in the Mount Rinjani National Park Area to Support Sustainable Tourism.” International Journal of Green Tourism Research and Applications 4, No. 1 (June 2022): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.31940/ijogtra.v4i1.16-22.

Indira Anggraini, Renny, and Budhi Gunawan. “Ecotourism Development in National Parks: A New Paradigm of Forest Management in Indonesia.” E3S Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124903010.

Iqbal, Iqbal, and Hilmi Rayhannafi. “Legal Politics toward Natural Energy: Natural Gas Utilization in Indonesia.” Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues (JSDERI) 1, No. 1 (2023): 25–30.

KC, Birendra, Adity Dhungana, and Tek B. Dangi. “Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals: Stakeholders’ Perspectives from Nepal.” Tourism Management Perspectives 38 (2021): 100822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100822.

Khan, Mustafa Rehman, Haseeb Ur Rehman Khan, Chen Kim Lim, Kian Lam Tan, and Minhaz Farid Ahmed. “Sustainable Tourism Policy, Destination Management and Sustainable Tourism Development: A Moderated-Mediation Model.” Sustainability 13, No. 21 (2021): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112156.

Krisnatalia, Heni, Nurdina Prasetyo, and Mochammad Ainan. “Creating A Green Tourism Experience Through Development of Tourism Package As A Tourism Destination Marketing Strategy: The Case of Kertayasa Tourism Village.” International Conference On Research And Development (ICORAD) 1, No. 2 (December 2022): 217–23. https://doi.org/10.47841/icorad.v1i2.40.

Laksmidewi, Cok Dian. “The Legal Implications of Signing the Unwto Framework Convention on Tourism Ethics for the Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia.” International Journal of Law Reconstruction 6, No. 2 (2022): 197. https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i2.17685.

Li, Xiao Juan. “Green Innovation Behavior Toward Sustainable Tourism Development: A Dual Mediation Model.” Frontiers in Psychology 13, No. June (2022): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.930973.

Liu, Long, Zhichao Li, Xinyi Fu, Xuan Liu, Zehao Li, and Wenfeng Zheng. “Impact of Power on Uneven Development: Evaluating Built-Up Area Changes in Chengdu Based on NPP-VIIRS Images (2015–2019).” Land 11, No. 4 (March 2022): 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11040489.

Liu, Qin, Ying Zhu, Weixin Yang, and Xueyu Wang. “Research on the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Green Technology Innovation from the Perspective of Regional Differences: A Quasi‐Natural Experiment Based on China’s New Environmental Protection Law.” Sustainability 14, No. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031714.

Markose, Nimi, Bindu Vazhakkatte Tazhathethil, and Babu George. “Sustainability Initiatives for Green Tourism Development: The Case of Wayanad, India.” Journal of Risk and Financial Management 15, No. 2 (2022): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15020052.

Marpaung, B O Y, Dwira Nirfalini Aulia, and Eric Witarsa. “Evaluation of Tourism Policies Towards Sustainable Development.” Journal of Politics and Law 14, No. 4 (May 2021): 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p1.

Maruf, Arifin. “Legal Aspects of Environment in Indonesia: An Efforts to Prevent Environmental Damage and Pollution.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 1, No. 1 (2021): 2807–12. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v1i1.4.

Mihardja, Eli Jamilah, Sofia Alisjahbana, Prima Mulyasari Agustini, Deffi Ayu Puspito Sari, and T. S. Pardede. “Forest Wellness Tourism Destination Branding for Supporting Disaster Mitigation: A Case of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark, Bali.” International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks 11, No. 1 (2023): 169–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2023.01.003.

Mousavi, Roqaye. “The Role of Green Tourism as a Marketing at Destinations.” Journal of Tourism & Hospitality 10, No. S5 (2021): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0269.21.s5.003.

Murhadi, Werner Ria, Fidelia Rahayu Kencanasar, and Bertha Silvia Sutedjo. “The Influence of Financial Literacy and Financial Interest on the Financial Risk Tolerance of Investor in Indonesia.” Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, No. 2 (July 2023): e310. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i2.310.

Nasution, R Hendrik, Ricky Avenzora, and Tutut Sunarminto. “Analisis Kebijakan Dan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Ekowisata di Indonesia.” Media Konservasi 23, No. 1 (2018).

Noor, Muhammad, Cahyadi Eko, and Dian Eka Rahmawati. “Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Innovation on Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences (ICOSI-HESS 2022).” Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Innovation on Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences (ICOSI-HESS 2022), 2022, 416–26. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-65-7.

Nugroho, L. D., S. R. Melati, I. Wahyuliana, A. Pawestri, and L. F. Kurniawan. “Legal Policy of Implementation Green Economy in the Tourism Sector to Realize Sustainable Tourism and Environment.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1181 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1181/1/012018.

Prihayati, Y., and T. O. Veriasa. “Developing Green Tourism to Create the Sustainable Landscape: Evidence from Community-Based Coffee Tourism (CbCT) in Puncak, Bogor, Indonesia.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 879 (October 2021): 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/879/1/012027.

Qin, Xiaohua, and Xing Ming Li. “Article Evaluate on the Decoupling of Tourism Economic Development and Ecological-Environmental Stress in China.” Sustainability 13, No. 4 (2021): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042149.

Raihan, Asif, Said Ibrahim, and Dewan Ahmed Muhtasim. “Dynamic Impacts of Economic Growth, Energy Use, Tourism, and Agricultural Productivity on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Egypt.” World Development Sustainability 2 (June 2023): 100059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2023.100059.

Raihan, Asif, and Almagul Tuspekova. “The Nexus between Economic Growth, Energy Use, Urbanization, Tourism, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: New Insights from Singapore.” Sustainability Analytics and Modeling 2 (2022): 100009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.samod.2022.100009.

Raihan, Asif, Liton Chandra Voumik, Shohel Md. Nafi, and Bapon Chandra Kuri. “How Tourism Affects Women’s Employment in Asian Countries: An Application of GMM and Quantile Regression.” Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies 1, No. 4 (December 2022): 57–72. https://doi.org/10.56556/jssms.v1i4.335.

Ristiawan, Rucitarahma, and Guillaume Tiberghien. “A Critical Assessment of Community-Based Tourism Practices in Nglanggeran Ecotourism Village, Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies 9, No. 1 (February 2021): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2021.009.01.04.

Rokip, Abdul, Ni Gst Nym Suci Murni, Ni Putu Manik Prihatini, I Wayan Nurjaya, and I Dewa Gede Ari Pemayun. “Green Tourism Implementation to Create an Environmentally Friendly Accommodation.” Jurnal Bali Membangun Bali 3, No. 2 (August 2022): 157–66. https://doi.org/10.51172/jbmb.v3i2.233.

Rui, Wang, Xu Menglin, and Fang Yiliang. “A Review of the Design and Enhancement of Pastoral Culture Creativity in Chinese Rural Ecotourism.” Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 2022 (2023): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2478/amns.2021.2.00330.

Sari, Dwi Amalia, Chris Margules, Han She Lim, Febrio Widyatmaka, Jeffrey Sayer, Allan Dale, and Colin Macgregor. “Evaluating Policy Coherence: A Case Study of Peatland Forests on the Kampar Peninsula Landscape, Indonesia.” Land Use Policy 105 (June 2021): 105396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105396.

Sarja, Ni Luh Ayu Kartika Yuniastari, I Putu Krisna Arta Widana, Putu Adi Suprapto, and Tyas Rahajeng Pamularsih. “Developing Green Tourism-Based Model of Information Technology Utilization in Tourism Villages.” International Journal of Applied Sciences in Tourism and Events 5, No. 2 (December 2021): 153–65. https://doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v5i2.153-165.

Schönherr, Sarah, Mike Peters, and Kir Kuščer. “Sustainable Tourism Policies: From Crisis-Related Awareness to Agendas towards Measures.” Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 27 (2023): 100762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2023.100762.

Scott, Daniel, and Stefan Gössling. “What Could the next 40 Years Hold for Global Tourism?” Tourism Recreation Research 40, No. 3 (2015): 269–85.

Shang, Yunfeng, Yi Lian, Hui Chen, and Fangbin Qian. “The Impacts of Energy Resource and Tourism on Green Growth: Evidence from Asian Economies.” Resources Policy 81 (March 2023): 103359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103359.

Shang, Yunfeng, Lingrou Zhu, Fangbin Qian, and Yani Xie. “Role of Green Finance in Renewable Energy Development in the Tourism Sector.” Renewable Energy 206 (April 2023): 890–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.124.

Sipayung, Baren, Indah Dwiprigitaningtias, Rahmat Joko Nugroho, and Bartolomeus Bernard. “Environmental Law Enforcement In Indonesia in Terms of the Concept of Sustainable Development.” Jurnal Hukum dan HAM Wara Sains 2, No. 03 (2023): 197–203. https://doi.org/10.58812/jhhws.v2i03.253.

Sriyah, Lik, and Rudy Handoko L B Wirawan. “Overview of Public Policy in Improving Tourism at Kelapa Tuban Beach.” Public Policy and Administration Research 11, No. 2 (2021): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.7176/ppar/11-2-05.

Sudiarta, I Ketut, I Made Suwitra, and I Ngurah Suryawan. “Evaluation of the Implementation of Ecotourism Principles in the Operation of Diving Tourism in Bali, Indonesia.” International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science 11, No. 4 (June 2022): 432–38. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i4.1803.

Sun, Yuhuan, Wangwang Ding, and Guangchun Yang. “Green Innovation Efficiency of China’s Tourism Industry from the Perspective of Shared Inputs: Dynamic Evolution and Combination Improvement Paths.” Ecological Indicators 138 (May 2022): 108824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108824.

Teng, Yu, Adam Cox, and Ioannis Chatziantoniou. “Environmental Degradation, Economic Growth and Tourism Development in Chinese Regions.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, No. 26 (2021): 33781–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12567-9.

Toubes, Diego R., and Noelia Araújo-Vila. “A Review Research on Tourism in the Green Economy.” Economies 10, No. 6 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10060137.

Tribe, John, and Brendan Paddison. “Critical Tourism Strategy.” Annals of Tourism Research 98 (2023): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103511.

Wang, Yuanyang, Yanlin Yang, Chenyu Fu, Zengzeng Fan, and Xiaoping Zhou. “Environmental Regulation, Environmental Responsibility, and Green Technology Innovation: Empirical Research from China.” PLoS ONE 16, No. 9 September (2021): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257670.

Xu, Kai, and Guangdong Tian. “Codification and Prospect of China’s Codification of Environmental Law from the Perspective of Global Environmental Governance.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, No. 16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169978.

Yan, Guihuan, Liming Jiang, and Chongqing Xu. “How Environmental Regulation Affects Industrial Green Total Factor Productivity in China: The Role of Internal and External Channels.” Sustainability 14, No. 20 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013500.

Yue, Xiao Guang, Yiyi Liao, Shiyong Zheng, Xuefeng Shao, and Jing Gao. “The Role of Green Innovation and Tourism towards Carbon Neutrality in Thailand: Evidence from Bootstrap ADRL Approach.” Journal of Environmental Management 292 (August 2021): 112778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112778.

Yuedi, Huang, Victoria Sanagustín-Fons, Araceli Galiano Coronil, and J. A. Moseñe-Fierro. “Analysis of Tourism Sustainability Synthetic Indicators. A Case Study of Aragon.” Heliyon 9, No. 4 (2023): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15206.

Zaid, M, M. Musa, Fadhel Arjuna Adinda, and Lamberton Cait. “The Sanctions on Environmental Performances: An Assessment of Indonesia and Brazilia Practice.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, No. 2 (2023): 236–64. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i2.70.

Zhang, Hanzhi, Qiang Liang, Yu Li, and Pengpeng Gao. “Promoting Eco-Tourism for the Green Economic Recovery in ASEAN.” Economic Change and Restructuring 56, No. 3 (2023): 2021–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-023-09492-x.

Zhao, Linhai, Ka Yin Chau, Trung Kien Tran, Muhammad Sadiq, Nguyen Thi My Xuyen, and Thi Thu Hien Phan. “Enhancing Green Economic Recovery through Green Bonds Financing and Energy Efficiency Investments.” Economic Analysis and Policy 76 (December 2022): 488–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.08.019.

Zheng, Leyi, Junfeng Liu, Qiong Yang, Yuqing Wang, Ying Liu, Xiurong Hu, Jianying Hu, et al. “The Impacts of China’s Resident Tourism Subsidy Policy on the Economy and Air Pollution Emissions.” Sustainability 15, No. 10 (2023): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108351.

Zhu, Shengdong, Yuting Luo, Noshaba Aziz, Abdul Jamal, and Qingyu Zhang. “Environmental Impact of the Tourism Industry in China: Analyses Based on Multiple Environmental Factors Using Novel Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model.” Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja 35, No. 1 (2022): 3663–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.2002707.