Aljomaa, S. S., Al. Qudah, M. F., Albursan, I. S., Bakhiet, S. F., & Abduljabbar, A. S. (2016). Smartphone addiction among university students in the light of some variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.04
Arrindell, W. a., Akkerman, A., Bagés, N., Feldman, L., Caballo, V. E., Oei, T. P. S., Torres, B., Canalda, G., Castro, J., Montgomery, I., Davis, M., Calvo, M. G., Kenardy, J. A., Palenzuela, D. L., Richards, J. C., Leong, C. c., Simón, M. A., & Zaldívar, F. (2005). The Short-EMBU in Australia, Spain, and Venezuela. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.21.1.56
Ayar, D., Bektas, M., Bektas, I., Akdeniz Kudubes, A., Selekoglu Ok, Y., Sal Altan, S., & Celik, I. (2017). The effect of adolescents’ internet addiction on smartphone addiction. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 28(4), 210. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000196
Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., Müller, A., Wölfling, K., Robbins, T. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). The interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (i-pace) model for addictive behaviors: update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032
Chiu, S.-I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-Efficacy and social self-Efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024
Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.023
Fathya, R., Sari, K., Mawarpury, M., & Afriani, A. (2020). Tingkat smartphone addiction pada penduduk di Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Psikologi, 16(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v16i2.9794
Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x
Huang, Y., Gong, J., Rucker, M., Chow, P., Fua, K., Gerber, M. S., Teachman, B., & Barnes, L. E. (2017). Discovery of behavioral markers of social anxiety from smartphone sensor data. proceedings of the 1st workshop on digital biomarkers, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3089341.3089343
Kalyani, D. B., Reddi, D. K. N., Ampalam, D. P., & Kishore, D. K. R. (n.d.). Depression, Anxiety and Smartphone Addiction among Medical Students.
Kim, E., & Koh, E. (2018). Avoidant attachment and smartphone addiction in college students: The mediating effects of anxiety and self-esteem. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.037
Ko, M., Yang, S., Lee, J., Heizmann, C., Jeong, J., Lee, U., Shin, D., Yatani, K., Song, J., & Chung, K.-M. (2015). NUGU: A Group-based Intervention App for Improving Self-Regulation of Limiting Smartphone Use. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, 1235–1245. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675244
Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
Kwon, M., Lee, J.-Y., Won, W.-Y., Park, J.-W., Min, J.-A., Hahn, C., Gu, X., Choi, J.-H., & Kim, D.-J. (2013). Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLOS ONE, 8(2), e56936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
Lee, E. J., & Kim, H. S. (2018). Gender differences in smartphone addiction behaviors associated with parent–child bonding, parent–child communication, and parental mediation among korean elementary school students. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 29(4), 244. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000254
Lee, H., Ahn, H., Choi, S., & Choi, W. (2014). The SAMS: Smartphone addiction management system and verification. Journal of Medical Systems, 38(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-013-0001-1
Lian, L., You, X., Huang, J., & Yang, R. (2016). Who overuses smartphones? roles of virtues and parenting style in smartphone addiction among chinese college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.027
Mariyanti, S., Lunanta, L. P., & Luthfi, A. (2021). Keberfungsian keluarga dan aspek-aspek yang berkontribusi terhadap perilaku kecanduan smartphone remaja di Jakarta. Journal of Psychology Humanlight, 2(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.51667/jph.v2i1.556
Matejevic, M., Jovanovic, D., & Lazarevic, V. (2014). Functionality of family relationships and parenting style in families of adolescents with substance abuse problems. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 128, 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.157
McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.002
Mok, J.-Y., Choi, S.-W., Kim, D.-J., Choi, J.-S., Lee, J., Ahn, H., Choi, E.-J., & Song, W.-Y. (2014). Latent class analysis on internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 817–828. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S59293
Neal, D. J., & Carey, K. B. (2005). A follow-up psychometric analysis of the self-regulation questionnaire. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(4), 414–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.19.4.414
Nyamadi, M., Boateng, R., & Asamenu, I. (2020). Smartphone addictions: a review of themes, theories and future Research Directions. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/64488
Panova, T., & Carbonell, X. (2018). Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.49
Qiao, L., & Liu, Q. (2020). The effect of technoference in parent-child relationships on adolescent smartphone addiction: The role of cognitive factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105340
Robson, D. A., Allen, M. S., & Howard, S. J. (2020). Self-regulation in childhood as a predictor of future outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 324–354. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul000022
Rozgonjuk, D., Levine, J. C., Hall, B. J., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). The association between problematic smartphone use, depression and anxiety symptom severity, and objectively measured smartphone use over one week. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.019.
Semper, H. M., Povey, R., & Clark-Carter, D. (2016). A systematic review of the effectiveness of smartphone applications that encourage dietary self-regulatory strategies for weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Obesity Reviews, 17(9), 895–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12428
Serna, C., García-Perales, J., & Martínez, I. (2023). Protective and risk parenting styles for internet and online gambling addiction. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023, e6674541. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6674541
Xin, C., Ding, N., Jiang, N., Li, H., & Wen, D. (2022). Exploring the connection between parental bonding and smartphone addiction in Chinese medical students. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 712. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04355-7
Yang, J., Fu, X., Liao, X., & Li, Y. (2020). Association of problematic smartphone use with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 284, 112686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112686
Zhong, Y., Ma, H., Liang, Y.-F., Liao, C.-J., Zhang, C.-C., & Jiang, W.-J. (2022). Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(6), 1171–1183. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640221089535.
Arrindell, W. a., Akkerman, A., Bagés, N., Feldman, L., Caballo, V. E., Oei, T. P. S., Torres, B., Canalda, G., Castro, J., Montgomery, I., Davis, M., Calvo, M. G., Kenardy, J. A., Palenzuela, D. L., Richards, J. C., Leong, C. c., Simón, M. A., & Zaldívar, F. (2005). The Short-EMBU in Australia, Spain, and Venezuela. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.21.1.56
Ayar, D., Bektas, M., Bektas, I., Akdeniz Kudubes, A., Selekoglu Ok, Y., Sal Altan, S., & Celik, I. (2017). The effect of adolescents’ internet addiction on smartphone addiction. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 28(4), 210. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000196
Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., Müller, A., Wölfling, K., Robbins, T. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). The interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (i-pace) model for addictive behaviors: update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032
Chiu, S.-I. (2014). The relationship between life stress and smartphone addiction on taiwanese university student: A mediation model of learning self-Efficacy and social self-Efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 34, 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.024
Demirci, K., Akgönül, M., & Akpinar, A. (2015). Relationship of smartphone use severity with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in university students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.010
Elhai, J. D., Levine, J. C., Dvorak, R. D., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Non-social features of smartphone use are most related to depression, anxiety and problematic smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.023
Fathya, R., Sari, K., Mawarpury, M., & Afriani, A. (2020). Tingkat smartphone addiction pada penduduk di Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal Psikologi, 16(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24014/jp.v16i2.9794
Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32, 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x
Huang, Y., Gong, J., Rucker, M., Chow, P., Fua, K., Gerber, M. S., Teachman, B., & Barnes, L. E. (2017). Discovery of behavioral markers of social anxiety from smartphone sensor data. proceedings of the 1st workshop on digital biomarkers, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3089341.3089343
Kalyani, D. B., Reddi, D. K. N., Ampalam, D. P., & Kishore, D. K. R. (n.d.). Depression, Anxiety and Smartphone Addiction among Medical Students.
Kim, E., & Koh, E. (2018). Avoidant attachment and smartphone addiction in college students: The mediating effects of anxiety and self-esteem. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.037
Ko, M., Yang, S., Lee, J., Heizmann, C., Jeong, J., Lee, U., Shin, D., Yatani, K., Song, J., & Chung, K.-M. (2015). NUGU: A Group-based Intervention App for Improving Self-Regulation of Limiting Smartphone Use. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, 1235–1245. https://doi.org/10.1145/2675133.2675244
Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83558. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
Kwon, M., Lee, J.-Y., Won, W.-Y., Park, J.-W., Min, J.-A., Hahn, C., Gu, X., Choi, J.-H., & Kim, D.-J. (2013). Development and Validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLOS ONE, 8(2), e56936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
Lee, E. J., & Kim, H. S. (2018). Gender differences in smartphone addiction behaviors associated with parent–child bonding, parent–child communication, and parental mediation among korean elementary school students. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 29(4), 244. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000254
Lee, H., Ahn, H., Choi, S., & Choi, W. (2014). The SAMS: Smartphone addiction management system and verification. Journal of Medical Systems, 38(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-013-0001-1
Lian, L., You, X., Huang, J., & Yang, R. (2016). Who overuses smartphones? roles of virtues and parenting style in smartphone addiction among chinese college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.027
Mariyanti, S., Lunanta, L. P., & Luthfi, A. (2021). Keberfungsian keluarga dan aspek-aspek yang berkontribusi terhadap perilaku kecanduan smartphone remaja di Jakarta. Journal of Psychology Humanlight, 2(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.51667/jph.v2i1.556
Matejevic, M., Jovanovic, D., & Lazarevic, V. (2014). Functionality of family relationships and parenting style in families of adolescents with substance abuse problems. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 128, 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.157
McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.002
Mok, J.-Y., Choi, S.-W., Kim, D.-J., Choi, J.-S., Lee, J., Ahn, H., Choi, E.-J., & Song, W.-Y. (2014). Latent class analysis on internet and smartphone addiction in college students. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 817–828. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S59293
Neal, D. J., & Carey, K. B. (2005). A follow-up psychometric analysis of the self-regulation questionnaire. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 19(4), 414–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.19.4.414
Nyamadi, M., Boateng, R., & Asamenu, I. (2020). Smartphone addictions: a review of themes, theories and future Research Directions. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/64488
Panova, T., & Carbonell, X. (2018). Is smartphone addiction really an addiction? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.49
Qiao, L., & Liu, Q. (2020). The effect of technoference in parent-child relationships on adolescent smartphone addiction: The role of cognitive factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105340
Robson, D. A., Allen, M. S., & Howard, S. J. (2020). Self-regulation in childhood as a predictor of future outcomes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(4), 324–354. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul000022
Rozgonjuk, D., Levine, J. C., Hall, B. J., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). The association between problematic smartphone use, depression and anxiety symptom severity, and objectively measured smartphone use over one week. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.019.
Semper, H. M., Povey, R., & Clark-Carter, D. (2016). A systematic review of the effectiveness of smartphone applications that encourage dietary self-regulatory strategies for weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Obesity Reviews, 17(9), 895–906. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12428
Serna, C., García-Perales, J., & Martínez, I. (2023). Protective and risk parenting styles for internet and online gambling addiction. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023, e6674541. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6674541
Xin, C., Ding, N., Jiang, N., Li, H., & Wen, D. (2022). Exploring the connection between parental bonding and smartphone addiction in Chinese medical students. BMC Psychiatry, 22(1), 712. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04355-7
Yang, J., Fu, X., Liao, X., & Li, Y. (2020). Association of problematic smartphone use with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 284, 112686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112686
Zhong, Y., Ma, H., Liang, Y.-F., Liao, C.-J., Zhang, C.-C., & Jiang, W.-J. (2022). Prevalence of smartphone addiction among Asian medical students: A meta-analysis of multinational observational studies. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(6), 1171–1183. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640221089535.
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Affiliations
Tera Pertiwi Atikah
Universitas Neger Semarang
Sugiyo Sugiyo
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Awalya Awalya
Universitas Negeri Semarang
How to Cite
Atikah, T., Sugiyo, S., & Awalya, A. (2023). The Effect of Parenting Style and Self-Regulation on Smartphone Addiction Through Students’ Anxiety. Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling, 12(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.15294/jubk.v12i2.73422
The Effect of Parenting Style and Self-Regulation on Smartphone Addiction Through Students’ Anxiety
Vol 12 No 2 (2023): Regular Issue
Submitted: Aug 18, 2023
Published: Aug 30, 2023
Abstract
Vocational high school students are vulnerable to getting addicted to smartphones at a high rate. Therefore, the present study examined the effect of parental styles and self-regulation on smartphone addiction through anxiety. It was correlational research which used an expo facto design with the samples of 329 students. In collecting the data, the instruments of Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), EMBU (Swedish acronym for Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran [My memories of upbringing], and the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) were used following the results of validity and reliability tests. Once the students’ data was collected, the multiple regression analysis with two sub-structural models was carried out. It showed that parenting styles and self-regulation had a partial effect on anxiety, and anxiety influenced smartphone addiction. In addition, anxiety mediated the effect of parenting styles on smartphone addiction and the effect of self-regulation on smartphone addiction.