Dinamika Trauma Kolektif dan Disidentifikasi Sosial pada Penyintas Tragedi

Abstract

Life-threatening tragedies have the capacity to influence not only individuals but also to shape complex social dynamics within society. The Kanjuruhan tragedy is an illustrative example of how collective trauma can lead to psychological suffering for individuals and also have a profound impact on social identity and community structure. This study employs an interdisciplinary approach through a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, focusing on survivors of tragedy. The objective of this study is to expand the theoretical foundation concerning collective trauma, thereby encompassing psychological impacts, social disidentification, and shifts in group identity. The data were collected using the Publish or Perish 8 software from sources such as Crossref, OpenAlex, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Scopus. Initially, 753 articles were reviewed; however, only 29 were deemed relevant, and 19 of these were subsequently analyzed in depth. The extant research findings indicate that collective trauma can drive social disidentification when victims experience stigma, shame, or structural uncertainty. However, it can also strengthen solidarity and build a new collective identity if managed through an inclusive approach. The efficacy of healing processes is contingent upon the involvement of the community, inclusive forms of memorialization, and the implementation of restorative justice policies. These findings underscore the importance of strategies that integrate social support, local cultural values, and collective identity reconstruction in order to facilitate positive transformation from collective trauma. This research contributes to the theoretical literature on collective trauma and social disidentification.