COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF HYBRID NANOFLUIDS (HNF) IN MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION (MQL) FOR SUSTAINABLE MACHINING

Abstract

Conventional cutting fluids in machining cause environmental and economic concerns. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) offers a sustainable alternative but faces cooling and lubrication limitations. Integrating hybrid nanofluids (HNF) into MQL significantly enhances machining performance. This review systematically analyzes HNF-MQL applications in continuous machining, examining improved cooling-lubrication mechanisms, performance outcomes, and sustainability. Results indicate HNF consistently outperforms single nanofluids, reducing cutting force, tool wear, and improving surface quality across various hard-to-machine materials. HNF-MQL also lowers fluid consumption, energy use, and environmental impact. However, challenges like nanoparticle stability, cost, and production scalability hinder widespread adoption. HNF-MQL presents an effective green machining strategy, with future research needed in material optimization, advanced delivery systems, and deeper mechanistic understanding.