The Annual Review of Legal Studies aims to provide an in-depth, multidisciplinary annual review in the field of legal studies. The journal's scope encompasses a comprehensive understanding of the latest developments in legal theory, legal practice, legal policy, and relevant legal issues globally. The primary focus of ARLS is to present critical and evaluative analyses of key topics in legal studies, including but not limited to Legal Theory, Legal Practice, Legal Policy, and Contemporary Legal Issues. The Annual Review of Legal Studies welcomes contributions in the form of review articles, research papers, essays, and book reviews that provide fresh insights and deep understanding of the complex dynamics within legal studies. The journal is intended for academics, researchers, legal practitioners, and policymakers interested in expanding their knowledge and understanding of law in contemporary contexts. Title : Annual Review of Legal Studies Editor in Chief : Dr. Duhita Driyah Suprapti, S.H., M.Hum. ISSN : 3047-7581 [Print] 3047-7875 [Online] DOI Prefix : 10.15294/arls Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang Frequency : Triannually (January, May, September)
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Local Government Efforts in Overcoming Obstacles to Obtaining Environmental Permits to Ensure Ease of Business Licensing for Foreign Investors in the Region
This study aims to examine whether environmental permits are an inhibiting factor in the implementation of foreign investment in the regions, as well as efforts made by local governments to overcome obstacles to obtaining environmental permits to ensure the ease of business licensing for foreign investors. The method used is normative legal research with a legislative and normative juridical approach, which examines regulations, legal doctrines, and government policies related to environmental licensing and foreign investment at the regional level. The results show that the complicated environmental licensing process, complicated bureaucracy, unsynchronized regulations between the central and regional levels, and legal uncertainty are the main obstacles for foreign investors in realizing their investments. Local governments have made various strategic efforts, such as simplifying licensing procedures through a one-stop integrated service system (PTSP) and Online Single Submission (OSS), increasing human resource capacity, harmonizing regulations, and improving cross-agency coordination. However, implementation challenges remain related to digital infrastructure readiness and policy consistency. This study recommends strengthening synergies between central and local governments, increasing transparency, and developing effective monitoring mechanisms so that the environmental licensing process can run more efficiently and foreign investors feel more confident to apply for environmental licenses.
Environmental permit, Foreign investment, Online Single Submission
Copyright (c) 2025 Kardina Vera, Sang Ayu Putu Rahayu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Framework Image Development Tourism Image Development Through City Branding On Sustainability Value Approach On Sustainable Development Perspective, Pemalang Regency
This study examines the legal framework for a tourism development image through city branding in Pemalang Regency, utilizing a sustainability value approach within the broader perspective of sustainable development. The primary issue addressed is the ineffectiveness of current city branding policies in Pemalang, which are hindered by a lack of strategic planning, regulatory coherence, and stakeholder participation. Using a qualitative legal research method, supported by statute and conceptual approaches, the study analyzes legal documents, conducts interviews with government officials, and observes implementation practices in the field. The findings show that although Pemalang has foundational regulations such as Regional Regulation No. 19 of 2016, these are too general and fail to provide operational guidance. There is a need for a comprehensive regulatory framework, including a dedicated city branding master plan and institutional coordination mechanisms. The study concludes that sustainable city branding should be rooted in local identity, inclusive participation, environmental stewardship, and long-term development goals. Strengthening city branding regulation will enable Pemalang to build a competitive, inclusive, and sustainable city identity that supports both tourism development and regional development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kurniawan Eka Prasetyo, Arif Hidayat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Kriminologi Maraknya Tawuran Gangster oleh Anak di Era Digital
The phenomenon of inter-gang brawls among teenagers, particularly those involving children in Indonesia, has become a complex and serious social issue. This research provides an in-depth criminological analysis of the prevalence of these brawls, focusing on the digital era's role in shaping and accelerating the dynamics of this deviant behavior. The study identifies both internal and external causal factors. Internally, involved adolescents often experience an identity crisis, possess weak self-control, and struggle with environmental adjustment. Their inability to manage emotions and seek positive recognition pushes them to find outlets in deviant groups. Externally, unfavorable family environments and the influence of deviant peer groups are significant contributing factors. What distinguishes this modern phenomenon is the catalytic role of digital technology, especially social media. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok have become primary arenas for provocation, challenges, and coordination of brawls, even enabling live broadcasts that can influence other adolescents to participate. The lack of parental supervision over children's social media use exacerbates these negative impacts. To address this, a comprehensive approach is necessary, encompassing pre-emptive (early prevention), preventive (ongoing prevention), and repressive (law enforcement with rehabilitation) efforts. This approach involves families, schools, communities, and law enforcement agencies, with an emphasis on restorative justice for children in conflict with the law.
Juvenile Delinquency, Brawl, Criminology
Copyright (c) 2025 Bayu Rizki Yoga Pratomo, Rasdi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implikasi Pendaftaran Merek Dagang Terhadap Perkembangan Usaha Pengrajin Kulit di Desa Manding, Yogyakarta
Merek memiliki peran penting bagi pengrajin kulit di Desa Manding, Yogyakarta. Banyak para pengrajin kulit di Desa Manding yang belum menyadari pentingnya pendaftaran merek produknya. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pendaftaran merek oleh para pengrajin kulit di Desa Manding Yogyakarta ? Serta apa implikasi pendaftaran merek dagang terhadap perkembangan usaha pengrajin kulit di Yogyakarta ?. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis empiris. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data tersebut diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada para pengrajin kulit di Desa Manding dan studi kepustakaan. Pengrajin kulit di Desa Manding banyak yang mengalami kendala ketika melakukan pendaftaran merek atas produk mereka dikarenakan mereka belum mengetahui proses pendaftaran merek. Pendaftaran merek berperan penting dalam product marketing untuk produk kerajinan kulit yang dihasilkan pengrajin kulit di Desa Manding.
implikasi, merek, pengrajin kulit, Desa Manding
Copyright (c) 2025 cahya wulandari, Indung Wijayanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditor Dari Ketidakpastian: Urgensi Pembatasan Waktu Pemberesan Harta Pailit
Proses kepailitan di Indonesia, yang diatur oleh Undang-Undang No. 37 Tahun 2004, bertujuan untuk memberikan keadilan bagi kreditor melalui pemberesan harta Debitor pailit. Namun, ketiadaan batas waktu yang eksplisit bagi Kurator untuk menyelesaikan proses pemberesan menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum dan risiko kerugian ekonomis yang signifikan bagi kreditor. Penelitian hukum normatif ini menganalisis pertanggungjawaban Kurator, problematika pemberesan yang berlarut-larut, dan urgensi pembatasan waktu sebagai solusi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kekosongan hukum ini melemahkan asas kepastian hukum dan efisiensi, serta berpotensi menyebabkan penurunan nilai aset pailit, membengkaknya biaya kepailitan, dan hilangnya biaya peluang bagi kreditor. Jurnal ini menyimpulkan bahwa pembatasan waktu pemberesan mutlak diperlukan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi kreditor dan meningkatkan akuntabilitas Kurator.
Perlindungan Kreditor, Kepailitan, Batas Waktu Pemberesan, Kurator, Kepastian Hukum.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tanggung Jawab DP3A terhadap Kebijakan Penyelenggaraan Program Kota Layak Anak di Kota Semarang
Program Kota Layak Anak merupakan kebijakan publik yang bertujuan untuk menjamin pemenuhan hak-hak anak melalui pembangunan yang terencana, menyeluruh, dan berkelanjutan di tingkat daerah. Di Kota Semarang, pelaksanaan program Kota Layak Anak melibatkan berbagai pemangku kepentingan, dengan Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak (DP3A) sebagai instansi yang memiliki peran strategis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab DP3A terhadap kebijakan penyelenggaraan Program Kota Layak Anak di Kota Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, yang bersumber pada data sekunder berupa peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen kebijakan, serta literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DP3A memiliki tanggung jawab dalam perumusan kebijakan, koordinasi lintas sektor, fasilitasi pelaksanaan program, serta monitoring dan evaluasi pemenuhan hak anak. Namun, pelaksanaan tanggung jawab tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya, koordinasi antarinstansi, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan sinergi antar pemangku kepentingan serta optimalisasi implementasi kebijakan guna mewujudkan Kota Semarang sebagai Kota Layak Anak.
Copyright (c) 2025 Julinar Tyara Maharani Pasaribu, Ratih Damayanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Review of the Implementation of Regional Retribution Collection at the Manunggal Jati Sport Center, Semarang City from a Good Governance Perspective
This study examines the implementation of local retribution collection at the Sport Center Manunggal Jati in Semarang City from the perspective of positive law and the principles of good governance. The main issue addressed is the extent to which the regulation and implementation of user service retribution in this sector align with the general principles of good administration. The research adopts a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were obtained through literature studies on statutory regulations, local government documents, and previous research findings. The results reveal that the legal framework for retribution collection is well-established, both at the national and regional levels, including Law Number 1 of 2022, Government Regulation Number 35 of 2023, Semarang Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2018, and Mayor Regulation Number 6 of 2020. However, implementation still faces challenges such as limited public outreach, suboptimal administrative systems, and insufficient supervision. Nevertheless, the retribution collection at Sport Center Manunggal Jati reflects the principles of legal certainty, utility, impartiality, non-abuse of power, and public interest. The study concludes that strengthening management systems, conducting regular regulatory evaluations, and applying digital technology are essential to improve the efficiency and accountability of retribution administration.
local retribution, sport center, positive law, good governance
Copyright (c) 2025 Danu Ibrahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SERTIFIKASI TANAH BARANG MILIK NEGARA (BMN) DALAM MEMBERIKAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM HAK ATAS TANAH DI KANTOR PERTANAHAN KABUPATEN PEMALANG
Sertifikasi tanah Barang Milik Negara (BMN) merupakan langkah strategis dalam memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap hak atas tanah yang dimiliki oleh negara. Artikel ini membahas urgensi sertifikasi tanah BMN di Kabupaten Pemalang, proses pelaksanaannya, serta tantangan yang dihadapi dalam implementasi kebijakan ini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana sertifikasi tanah BMN dapat menjamin kepastian hukum serta memberikan manfaat bagi tata kelola aset negara yang lebih baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sertifikasi tanah BMN di Kabupaten Pemalang masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, termasuk aspek regulasi, administrasi, dan koordinasi antar lembaga terkait. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sinergi antara pemerintah daerah, Kantor Pertanahan, dan instansi lainnya untuk mempercepat proses sertifikasi tanah BMN guna meningkatkan kepastian hukum dan efisiensi pengelolaan aset negara.
Barang Milik Negara, Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Pemalang, Kepastian Hukum, Sertifikasi Tanah.
Copyright (c) 2025 Devanda Prastiyo, Aprila Niravita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ketidakpastian Hukum Pergantian Calon DPRD Terpilih: Ancaman terhadap Esensi Sistem Proporsional Terbuka (Studi Kasus Pemilihan Umum 2024 di Jawa Tengah)
This study conducts a juridical analysis of legal uncertainty in the replacement of elected Regional Legislative Council (DPRD) candidates, specifically examining its threat to the essence of the open proportional electoral system in Indonesia. Drawing upon legal certainty theories, this research identifies ambiguities within Article 426 of Law No. 7 of 2017 on General Elections, particularly concerning the "resignation" clause and the potential for misuse under "failure to meet requirements". These legal loopholes grant political parties excessive discretion in candidate replacement. The manifestation of this uncertainty is evident in the 2024 General Election in Central Java, where specific cases of elected DPRD candidates were replaced based on pre-signed resignation letters. This practice, stemming from internal party strategies, led to the subsequent rejection of lawsuits by the State Administrative Court (PTUN) in Semarang, which further legitimized these formalistic interpretations, despite underlying substantive issues. This practice fundamentally undermines voter sovereignty and distorts the core principles of the open proportional system. It effectively negates voters' direct choices, transforming the de jure open system into a de facto party-controlled mechanism. Such inconsistencies erode the legitimacy of political representation and public trust in the electoral process, as highlighted by prior academic criticisms that remain unaddressed in legislative reforms. The study concludes with urgent recommendations for legislative amendments and enhanced regulatory oversight to ensure substantive legal certainty and protect citizens' fundamental political rights.
General Election, Legal Certainty, Open Proportional
Copyright (c) 2025 La Ode Ibrah Haikal Rachman Kadir (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Application of the Principle of Social Function of Land Rights and the Legal Position of Property Rights in a Social Context (CASE STUDY OF DECISION NUMBER 1273/PDT.G/2023/PN TNG)
The principle of the social function of land rights is a fundamental concept in Indonesian agrarian Law, as stipulated in Article 6 of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). This study aims to analyze the implementation of this principle in judicial decisions, specifically Decision Number 1273/PDT.G/2023/PN TNG, and its implications for the legal status of Land Ownership Certificates (SHM). Using a normative-juridical approach and case study method, this article examines the conflict between individual interests of SHM holders and the broader social interests of the community. It also evaluates the extent of legal protection afforded to landowners amidst rapid urban development. The analysis reveals that the application of the social function principle often encounters practical obstacles, such as low legal awareness and weak enforcement of agrarian norms. The study highlights the need for regulatory reinforcement and improved public legal literacy to ensure social justice in land utilization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Cahyaning Putri Kinasih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Protection of Geographical Indications of Jepara Carved Furniture Products in Strengthening Jepara City Branding as World Carving Center
In the era of globalization and the ease of technology, this is good, but also worrying. Bringing local and international markets closer together, but also creating traditional barriers that can be biased by global market demands. So, what is the relationship between City branding and Intellectual Property Law, and legal protection for City branding and Jepara Carved Furniture products? It is hoped that this study can answer the importance of city branding in strengthening the image of a city in global market competition and the protection of intellectual property for superior products of a region with geographical indications. The method used in this study is qualitative research with a legal approach, with literature studies. City branding built by the city of Jepara has a positive impact on the introduction of its superior products, namely Jepara Carved Furniture Products, which have also been registered in Geographical Indications. This creates added value for consumers for the image and quality of products that must be met by Craftsmen. Although city branding does not yet have clear rules for Intellectual Property, the existence of Geographical Indications is still able to provide intellectual property protection for these communal products in Indonesia. Although the author hopes that there will be at least clear rules regarding Jepara city branding, like several other cities that already have their city branding logos with legal regulations in their regions. As well as the need for protection of geographical indications in the international world for international trade.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syalis Mei Setiani, Ubaidillah Kamal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Clean Energy, Just Laws: Unpacking the Legal Backbone of SDG 7 in Indonesia
The global pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) — ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all — demands not only technological innovation and financial investment but also a robust legal and regulatory framework. This paper examines the critical role of law in advancing clean energy access in Indonesia, a country with abundant renewable energy potential yet facing complex socio-legal and infrastructural challenges. By analyzing national energy laws, regulatory policies, and international legal commitments, this research investigates how Indonesia’s legal system supports or hinders the realization of SDG 7. Special attention is given to the interplay between energy justice, environmental protection, and socio-economic equity in shaping the legal landscape. The study identifies key gaps in current legislation, such as the fragmentation of regulatory authority, the lack of legal incentives for renewable energy investment, and the limited enforcement of sustainability standards at the local level. It also highlights promising initiatives, including the Energy Transition Mechanism (ETM), green financing regulations, and community-based renewable energy projects. Through a legal-institutional analysis and stakeholder mapping, this research contributes to understanding how legal reforms can drive systemic change toward inclusive and sustainable energy governance. The findings offer a model for integrating legal design into national energy planning, emphasizing the importance of legal certainty, participatory governance, and policy coherence. Ultimately, this research provides actionable recommendations for strengthening Indonesia’s legal framework to unlock the full potential of clean energy and accelerate the achievement of SDG 7.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yudys Zuama Pratama, Tajudeen Sani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Memahami Tanggung Jawab Indonesia yang Menimbulkan Transfrontier Pollution dari Kabut Asap Kebakaran apabila Ditinjau dari Prespektif Hukum Internasional
Pencemaran lintas negara akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia tidak hanya berdampak negatif pada wilayah domestik, melainkan juga meluas ke negara-negara tetangga seperti Malaysia dan Singapura. Deforestasi yang masif, mencapai sekitar 72% dari total luas hutan asli dan berlanjut dengan laju 1 ,8 juta hektar per tahun, telah menjadikan Indonesia sebagai salah satu kontributor utama emisi karbon global. Masalah kebakaran hutan ini telah menjadi isu nasional yang mendesak, menuntut perhatian serius dari pemerintah dan kerja sama yang kuat di tingkat regional ASEAN. Penelitian ini menganalisis secara mendalam tanggung jawab hukum internasional negara, khususnya Indonesia, dalam mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lintas negara akibat kebakaran hutan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan mengacu pada berbagai sumber hukum, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejauh mana Indonesia telah memenuhi kewajibannya dalam konteks hukum internasional. ASEAN telah mencanangkan beberapa inisiatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan kabut asap lintas negara, salah satunya adalah Persetujuan ASEAN tentang Pencemaran Asap Lintas Batas (AATHP). Melalui ratifikasi perjanjian ini, Indonesia berkomitmen untuk bekerja sama dengan negara-negara anggota ASEAN dalam upaya pengendalian kebakaran hutan. Meskipun telah dilakukan berbagai upaya mitigasi seperti pengeboman udara dan teknologi modifikasi cuaca, serta koordinasi lintas sektor, penegakan hukum terkait pencemaran lingkungan di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan. Implementasi yang konsisten terhadap ketentuan hukum nasional, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup,serta norma-norma hukum internasional menjadi kunci dalam mengatasi pencemaran pencemaran lintas negara secara efektif.
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP)
Copyright (c) 2025 Naila Sayyidina Putri, Ridwan Arifin, Mutmainah Nur Qoiri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Nationalism and Insight in Kenteng Youth through Pancasila-Based Street Law Education
Social transformation focusing on youth through Pancasila-based legal education has been implemented in Desa Kenteng using the Street Law model. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this model in strengthening nationalism and national awareness among village youth. The Street Law method, which integrates Pancasila principles with legal theory and practice, is designed to enhance legal understanding while instilling national values in a local context. The results of the program indicate a significant increase in legal knowledge, with basic legal understanding rising from 30% to 75% after six months. Additionally, there was a substantial increase in nationalism and awareness of Pancasila values, from 40% to 85%, and a rise in social participation from 20% to 60% among village youth. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as uncertainty in practical legal application and the need for ongoing support from government and local legal institutions remain. This study recommends integrating national values into legal education policies and adapting program models to local contexts to ensure broader and sustainable impact in other regions.
Street Law, Legal Education, Advocacy, Pancasila
Copyright (c) 2024 Ridwan Arifin, Bayangsari Wedhatami, Riska Alkadri, Bintang Rafli Anata, Fitria Damayanti, Muhammad Iqbal Baiquni, Dewi Puspa Sari, Wahyu Nandang Herawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Assistance and Penal Mediation in Theft Cases Involving Physical Altercations: Enhancing Pancasila Values in Kenteng Village
Cases of theft leading to altercations pose significant legal and social challenges that require effective resolution strategies. In Kenteng Village, such incidents frequently escalate into prolonged conflicts between perpetrators and victims. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of legal assistance in theft cases through penal mediation, with a focus on reinforcing Pancasila values ​​at the village level. A qualitative approach with an in-depth case study methodology was employed. Data were collected through interviews with perpetrators, victims, authorities, and mediators, as well as document analysis. The study investigates how legal assistance and penal mediation can facilitate conflict resolution while supporting the application of Pancasila values ​​in the case resolution process. The findings reveal that integrated legal assistance and penal mediation can reduce tensions between disputing parties and increase the likelihood of peaceful resolution. Penal mediation, involving a third-party mediator, enables constructive dialogue and fair settlements, considering the interests of both parties. The reinforcement of Pancasila values, such as social justice, humanity, and unity, proves effective in fostering mutual respect and tolerance within the village community. In conclusion, legal assistance and penal mediation not only address legal disputes but also strengthen Pancasila values ​​within the community. Recommendations for future research include the development of mediation and legal assistance training programs based on Pancasila values ​​to extend their application to other regions.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ridwan Arifin, R. Benny Riyanto, Nurul Fibrianti, Karsinah, Bintang Rafli Ananta, Zainurohmah, Dede Indraswara, Galih Niken Anggoto Sulaksmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Existence of Forced Money in State Administrative Courts
The authority and significance of the State Administrative Court (PTUN) for seekers of legal truth depends on the implementation of its decisions by state administrative apparatus in accordance with the rulings. As a consequence, the fundamental problem with the existence of the PTUN actually centers on the compliance of State Administrative Bodies/Officials with the bonds stated in the court verdict. Dwangsom or forced money is an additional sanction imposed on the convicted party to pay off a sum of money outside the main sentence, with the intention that the convicted party is willing to carry out the main sentence according to schedule and procedures. The application of dwangsom in the execution of private cases in the General Jurisdiction is anticipated to optimize the success rate of sentence executions. However, the facts indicate that the implementation of dwangsom is still faced with problems, with the PTUN panel of judges rarely handing down dwangsom sentences in order to optimize the executability of the verdict. This article was composed using a literature study methodology, by accumulating, interpreting and reviewing data from various correlated literature sources. Data accumulation is carried out through investigation and restructuring of sources such as scientific journals, reference books, and previous research results. The analysis methodology applied is content and descriptive analysis. Library material from various reference sources is analyzed critically and comprehensively to support the substance of the discussion and the author's conception.
Copyright (c) 2024 Togu Septian Mardohar Napitupulu, Suhadi Suhadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Protection for Consumers against Misleading Information on Mobile Phone Product Warranties Based on Law Number 8 of 1999 (Study in Jepara Regency)
Perlindungan Konsumen bertujuan melindungi hak-hak konsumen. Di Kabupaten Jepara, konsumen handphone tidak mendapatkan hak-haknya karena pelaku usaha tidak memberikan informasi garansi yang benar dan jelas, dengan beberapa unit handphone dijual seolah masih bergaransi padahal masa garansinya sudah habis sehingga perlu mengkaji perlindungan hukum yang diberikan serta pengawasan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) Mengetahui dan menganalisis perlindungan konsumen terhadap garansi produk handphone. (2) Mengetahui dan menganalisis pengawasan DISPERINDAG dalam Informasi menyesatkan garansi produk handphone di Kabupaten Jepara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang didasarkan pada jenis penelitian hukum yuridis empiris. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan meliputi wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan studi pustaka. Adapun data sekunder menggunakan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Validitas data menggunakan teknik triangulasi, sedangkan analisis data melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih banyaknya konsumen yang tidak memahami ha-hak terkait konsumen. Selain itu, pelaku usaha tidak memberikan informasi yang jelas dan benar terhadap konsumen terkait informasi garansi. Pelaku usaha kurang memahami tanggung jawa pelaku usaha dan lebih mementingkan keuntungan tanpa mempertimbangkan hak-hak konsumen. Pengawasan yang dilakukan masih kurang efektif karena berbagai macam kendala. Beberapa kendala antara lain pengawasan terkait perdagangan handphone dengan informasi menyesatkan terkait garansi produk sebanyak satu kali dalam bebarapa tahun terakhir. Selain itu belum adanya Peraturan Daerah yang mengatur tentang Pengawasan produk dan/atau jasa di daerah Jawa Tengah dan minimnya SDM serta anggaran. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen atas informasi menyesatkan garansi produk handphone di Kabupaten Jepara berjalan belum maksimal, dimana masih terdapat perdagangan handphone dengan menggunakan informasi menyesatkan terkait garansi karena minimnya pengawasan yang dilakukan. (2) Minimnya anggaran untuk pengawasan dan pembinaan, serta reorganisasi yang mengintegrasikan BPSK ke dalam Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan, serta luasnya wilayah yang harus dipantau, menyebabkan dinas terkait belum dapat melakukan pengawasan optimal terhadap perdagangan dengan informasi menyesatkan mengenai garansi produk handphone.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fiki Elfanda Yusuf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Public Consultation in Land Acquisition for the Public Interest on a Small Scale as a Manifestation of the Principle of Transparency in Good Governance
This study was raised from the problem of lack of information and unclearness in the certainty of compensation payments in Klidang Lor Village. This study aims to identify and analyze the implementation of public consultation in land acquisition and identify and analyze the implementation of the embodiment of the transparency principle of Good Governance in the implementation of public consultation. This study uses an empirical legal research method with a qualitative approach that uses primary and secondary data sources. Primary data is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Data validation uses triangulation, while data analysis is through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of public consultation on land acquisition for small-scale public interests in the flood control work of the Sambong River, Batang Regency is in accordance with Law No. 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Public Interest Development. In the public consultation, there was one affected resident who still objected and was resolved through mediation. That the implementation of the embodiment of the principle of transparency in public consultation activities is in accordance with the transparency indicator although not yet 100%. In this case, the target of implementing the principle of transparency in Good Governance in providing access to information is still limited to interested parties and has not been publicly accessible to the general public. The conclusion in the implementation of public consultation of affected residents has fully supported the development of flood control of the Sambong River in Batang Regency. Suggestions for the government should be to provide certainty by adding provisions for openness of information on the development process and land acquisition in laws and regulations and providing public access to information.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nadila Audy Syadia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Juridical Analysis of the Causes of the Issuance of Certificates of Management Rights on Land With Property Rights Certificates
Land is a very vital asset for every person and country. When viewed from the physical and value aspects of the soil, it is certainly a thing that has economic and political value in it. Problems that arise in the soil in Indonesia have been a very long time even since the time of the Netherlands because of its high value, problems often arise. For example, the Jepara Regency Government with its citizen named Tanto Untung and his heir Tanto Santoso has even reached the Court with Decision Nomo 19/Pdt.G/2020/PN Jepara. This research is carried out by means of qualitative research using a sociological juridical or empirical juridical approach. The sources used are primary and secondary sources obtained from observations, interviews, documentation and also literature studies. The results of this study show that there is a way of land acquisition carried out by the Jepara Regency Government that is known to the holder of the Certificate from which the land claim originated. The existence of two rights that exist on a piece of land without legal clarity is referred to as a double certificate. The registration of management rights processed by the Jepara Land Office which produced the management right certificate Number 6 of 1998 Jobokuto on behalf of the Jepara Regency Government without taking into account whether the land has or not causes an overlap of rights in the future. The heirs who do not know the land boundary are also a problem that the court decision by the Jepara Land Office cannot be implemented in accordance with the Minister of Agrarian Affairs Number 21 of 2020 concerning the Handling and Settlement of Land Cases, the Jepara Land Office by implementing the decision Number 19/Pdt.G/2020/PN Jpa
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammad Saleh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Problem of Multiple Land Exchange Certificates in Gebyog Village, Mojogedang District
Exchange of Village Treasury Land with Land Ownership Rights in Gebyog Village, Mojogedang District, Karanganyar Regency which occurred in 1977. The exchange that occurred in 1977 was only done verbally so there is no written evidence. This study aims to: (1) Find out the Process of Exchanging Village Treasury Land with Land Owned by Residents in Gebyog Village, Mojogedang District, Karanganyar Regency? (2) Find out the factors causing the emergence of two certificates, namely the right to use in the name of the Gebyog village government and the right to own in the name of an individual? This study uses an empirical legal research method, with a Qualitative approach. The types and sources of research data are Primary data, Secondary data, and Tertiary data. Primary data is obtained through interviews and observations, Secondary data is obtained through laws and regulations and literature studies, and Tertiary data through the Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language. Data is analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study were (1) the exchange carried out by the Gebyog Village Government with the Gebyog Village community (the late Kasan Mulyadi, the late Muh Thulabi, and Marinah). The exchange occurred in 1977 and occurred verbally. The exchange occurred because residents complained to the Head of Gebyog Village that they wanted to have rice fields as their livelihood and the Gebyog Village Government also wanted to build an elementary school in Gebyog Village. (2) the existence of a double certificate on the Land Owned by Residents that was exchanged, two certificates were issued, namely when the land registration took place Kasan Mulyadi had died so that the one who registered it was Imam Ahmad. Intentionally or unintentionally, Imam Ahmad registered land that did not match the one he owned and in 1996 there was no plotting so it had not been mapped properly.
Tukar Menukar, Tanah Milik, Tanah Kas Desa
Copyright (c) 2024 Dhestika Rahmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Certainty of Customary Land Certificates of the Minangkabau Customary Community in Solok Regency
Minangkabau customary land is a high heritage that cannot be traded, communal ownership rights (shared), Customary land registration does not have regulations that require customary land to be registered, in government regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning land registration. Customary land is not included in the object of registration. Considering that customary land registration is important as proof of ownership of land rights in accordance with one of the objectives of the UUPA in creating legal certainty, which aims to provide legal certainty and legal protection of people's land rights fairly and evenly. the community does not know whether customary land can be registered and land registration in whose name, and how to carry out customary land registration. The community's assumption in the customary land registration process requires time and a complicated process and expensive costs. The conclusion of this study is first, customary land registration can be with MKW and different ownership rights and requirements, second, there is a community goal of wanting to register customary land, third, there are obstacles in the customary land registration process both external and internal. Suggestions in this study (1) The Solok Regency Land Office can map the location in customary land registration, (2) conduct socialization related to customary land registration.
Copyright (c) 2024 Erin Channiago (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Modification of Prison Sanctions as an Effort to Overcome Overcapacity in Correctional Institutions in Indonesia
Prison sentences remain one of the types of sanctions frequently imposed as a means of controlling criminal acts. This is due to the tendency to form criminal law regulations oriented towards punishment and sentencing, leading to over-criminalization, which in turn triggers overcapacity in correctional institutions, thus affecting the essence of the rehabilitation and reintegration process. This study employs a qualitative research approach with empirical research types. The data used consists of primary data sources, including interviews with officers from Semarang Class I Correctional Institution and judges from Semarang Class IA Special District Court, and secondary data sources, including legal regulations and scholarly publication materials such as journals, theses, dissertations, books, and legal dictionaries. The data collected is then processed, reduced, analyzed, and described descriptively. The research findings indicate that overcapacity occurs due to regulations and sentencing systems that tend to be oriented towards imprisonment. The prevalence of imposing prison sentences is also caused by extensive regulation within and outside the Criminal Code, combined with the law enforcement paradigm that views imprisonment as an obligation and the absence of sentencing guidelines. The overcapacity condition then triggers negative effects and the failure to fulfill the essence of rehabilitation and reintegration. Sanction modification efforts include reducing prison sentences through the application of weekend jail (intermittent sentencing); recovery and rehabilitation; judicial pardon; and the implementation of restorative justice.
Copyright (c) 2024 Calvin Cameron, Muhammad Azil Maskur (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Juridical Analysis of the Implementation of Handover of Housing Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities
Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities are the basic physical equipment of a residential environment that meets certain standards for the needs of a decent residence. Providing and handing over Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities is an obligation that the developer must fulfill when building housing. However, in Tangerang City, there are still many developers who have not handed over the Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities even though the time period has passed, resulting in the abandonment of the Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities. This research uses empirical juridical methods with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this research used observation, interview and documentation techniques. The results of this research indicate that the inhibiting factor in handing over housing Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities by developers to the government in Tangerang City is the abandonment of Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities by developers whose whereabouts are unknown. Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities that have not been handed over are managed entirely by the Developer, so that if the Developer's whereabouts cannot be known then the management of the Infrastructure, Facilities and Utilities will not work which will result in the abandonment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Febrianti Dwi Puspaningrum, Suhadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategy to Increase Political Participation of People with Disabilities Based on Functional and Contextual Approach Good Election Perspective (Study at KPU Purworejo Regency)
The implementation of elections in Indonesia is a manifestation of political rights for citizens, including people with disabilities as regulated in the constitution. The Regency KPU has the authority to organize elections and is responsible for providing equal opportunities for vulnerable voters with disabilities. In fact, the participation of voters with disabilities, especially the blind in Purworejo Regency, is very low. The substantial problem is the absence of SOPs for special services for the disabled and structural problems related to affirmative action have not been met. This study uses a qualitative approach with a sociological legal research type. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, literature studies, and legal document studies. Data validity with technical triangulation and source triangulation and using descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (i) Legal provisions for political participation for blind voters with disabilities are implicitly regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 28H paragraph (2) to obtain affirmative action rights, international instruments, as regulated in the law and its ratification and the regulation of PKPU Number 9 of 2022 concerning Community Participation in Elections; and (ii) Strategies for increasing political participation for visually impaired people with disabilities in Purworejo Regency can be carried out through the formation of standard operational policies for special services for voters with disabilities based on comprehensive policies, budgeting can be carried out through financial inclusion, and special service programs based on democratic policies.
Strategi, Partisipasi Politik, Penyandang Disabilitas, Good Election.
Copyright (c) 2024 Harum Harum Isnin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rechterlijk Pardon Concept for Elderly Criminal Offenders
The concept of rechterlijk pardon is a reform in the Criminal Code that can ease the burden on elderly people who are perpetrators of criminal acts. Efforts to avoid being sentenced to prison remind the author of restorative justice which prioritizes restoration or returning to the original situation for both the victim and the perpetrator. In this research, there are 2 (two) problem formulations, namely whether the rechterlijk pardon concept can be applied to elderly criminal offenders and how the rechterlijk pardon concept can be applied to elderly criminal offenders to realize restorative justice. This research uses a qualitative research approach and normative juridical research. The research focuses on juridical review in the concept of rechterlijk pardon in the Criminal Code. Research comes from primary legal materials such as the Criminal Code and relevant legal instruments, then secondary legal materials, such as books and literature in the form of legal journals, and various dictionaries as tertiary legal materials. Triangulation techniques are used to validate data with sources, theories and previous research. Based on this research, according to the concept of rechterlijk pardon in the Criminal Code, judge forgiveness can be applied to criminal offenders aged 75 years and over. However, based on research regarding the physical and psychological condition of the elderly, elderly people under 75 years also require special attention in sentencing. Apart from that, the concept of rechterlijk pardon would be better if it worked in accordance with restorative justice which provides a win-win solution for both the victim and the perpetrator.
Copyright (c) 2024 Angga Angga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Forensic Laboratory Results in Proving Document Forgery Criminal Offenses
Implementation of proof in court should rightfully involve judges evaluating all evidence submitted to the court, including the results of forensic laboratory examinations. However, in reality, in some cases, judges overlook the results of forensic laboratory examinations in proving the crime of document forgery. Therefore, this research aims to understand and analyze the role of forensic laboratory examination results in supporting the proof of document forgery, as well as the considerations of judges in placing and evaluating forensic laboratory examination results used as evidence in court. This study employs a juridical-empirical research method with a qualitative approach using primary and secondary data sources. Data validity is ensured using triangulation techniques, while data analysis is conducted through qualitative narrative analysis. The research findings indicate that: 1) Forensic laboratory examination results on documents play a crucial role in supporting the proof of document forgery crimes, as they can be used by investigators to ascertain the authenticity of a document, aid in identifying suspects, and serve as evidence tools such as expert testimony and/or exhibits in court to support prosecution. 2) Judges assess the validity of forensic laboratory examination results by examining the methodology used in the examination and the credibility of forensic experts in conducting the analysis. Furthermore, forensic laboratory examination results can assist judges in deliberating alongside other relevant and supportive evidence. Therefore, judges may render verdicts with at least two valid pieces of evidence accompanied by their conviction. In conclusion, the findings affirm that forensic laboratory examination results can serve as valid evidence in court, playing a crucial role in supporting the proof of document forgery crimes. These results can influence judges in decision-making and aid in uncovering document forgery crimes.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dona Febiani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Case Titles and Reconstruction in Strengthening Investigators' Confidence in Crime Evidence
The law enforcement process for suspected criminal acts begins with an investigation process by the police. The investigation is carried out with the intention of finding and discovering an event suspected of being a criminal act so that the next stage can be carried out, namely the investigation. This study uses a normative legal research type with a qualitative approach. Based on secondary data and primary data. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The role of case titles and reconstruction in the Indonesian criminal justice system is as a guide in the process of investigating criminal acts. (2) Case titles and reconstruction play a role in helping investigators collect evidence and strengthening investigators' confidence in collecting evidence to uncover a crime. The conclusion of this study is that case titles play a role in helping investigators collect evidence, while reconstruction plays a role as indicative evidence that strengthens investigators' confidence in uncovering criminal acts.
Copyright (c) 2024 Qaulan Sadida (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role Of Forensic Laboratory Results In Proving Document Forgery Criminal Offenses
Critical Review of the Disparity of Criminal Decisions in Narcotics Crime Cases
This research aims to identify disparities in criminal decisions regarding Decision Number 46/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Tmg and Decision Number 48/Pid.Sus/2021, determine the factors that cause disparities in criminal decisions regarding these two decisions, and analyze the fulfillment of society's sense of justice. regarding the disparity between the two decisions. This research is the result of research using doctrinal or normative legal research methods. Data collection was carried out in two ways. One of them is literature study and the other is interviews as supporting material. The data sources for this research include secondary legal materials which consist of three legal materials, namely primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that the decisions studied by the author fulfill a sense of justice even though there are disparities in the decisions in the two decisions. Therefore, the suggestion regarding the results of this research is that the government is expected to update Article 112 Paragraph (1) and Article 127 Paragraph (1) letter a of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics so that there is no confusion in the articles and take quick steps to create a program regarding understanding the purpose of punishment for society, for law enforcers the law is expected to be able to understand it carefully and must look at every case of narcotics abuse from the perspective of public justice, for the Supreme Court and the Prosecutor's Office it is necessary to develop guidelines for handling cases or guidelines for sentencing in narcotics cases, for the panel of judges is expected to be able to explain and expressly explain the fairness of the decisions he has determined in his considerations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dona Febi Wardani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulation of Criminal Liability of Corporations Perpetrating Criminal Acts of Terrorism in Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code
Corporations as subjects of criminal law can be held criminally responsible for corporations as perpetrators of terrorism. In Indonesia, the regulation of Terrorism outside the Criminal Code recognizes that corporate subjects are only those with legal entities and those without legal entities, without knowing the types and application of appropriate criminal penalties. The ratification of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (Indonesian Criminal Code) provides a complement to the criminal liability of corporations that commit acts of terrorism (terrorist corporations) which regulates the type of legal entity, ownership status and legal entity status. In addition, for corporations that have been subject to criminal sanctions, there is still a gap in corporate criminal liability related to the spread of radical corporate teachings. This shows that there is a legal gap between das sein and das sollen related to the type of legal entity, ownership status, legal entity status that has not been regulated in the Terrorism Law, the Terrorism Financing Law and criminal liability for radical corporate teachings in the Indonesian Criminal Code. Research shows that the ideal corporate criminal liability is to form a variety of corporate qualifications so that they are relevant to current needs. In addition, terrorist corporations that have been declared banned often still have significant influence and transform into new entities, so granting legal status that prohibits radical teachings from developing and being disseminated can be a form of accountability for terrorist corporations that embodies a sense of justice.
Copyright (c) 2024 Dede Indraswara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0