DESIGNING THE COOPERATIVE BOARD GAME “NUMERACY EXPEDITION” AS A MATHEMATICS LEARNING MEDIUM FOR GRADE 10 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

Indonesian students’ mathematics performance remains below the OECD average, with a mean PISA 2022 mathematics score of 366 compared with 472 for the OECD average. Previous studies also report the presence of mathematics anxiety among Indonesian students. This educational challenge is also associated with students’ reported experiences of mathematics anxiety, while some existing mathematics learning games employ competitive or chance-based mechanics. This study presents the design and development of “Ekspedisi Numerasi,” a purely cooperative board game developed as a mathematics learning medium for Grade X senior high school students. Using the ADDIE instructional design model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), the game was designed to integrate numeracy intrinsically into its core mechanics, eliminating dice-based chance in favour of strategic decision-making and team collaboration. Six asymmetric character roles inspired by historical mathematicians were developed alongside a modular hexagonal board comprising 22 interchangeable tiles, produced through FDM and SLA 3D-printing techniques. A limited implementation trial was conducted with 25 Grade X students at SMAN 6 Semarang. Summative evaluation using a post-trial Likert-scale questionnaire (1–5) yielded an overall mean score of 4.55 out of 5.00, with all ten assessed dimensions  spanning visual design, learning content, and gameplay engagement rated as “Very Good.” The highest-rated aspect was mathematics symbol readability (4.68), while the lowest was the overall colour palette (4.44). The findings indicate positive student perceptions of the visual design, learning content, and cooperative gameplay of the developed medium.