Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics
p-ISSN 2655-6197 | e-ISSN 2655-318X The journal publishes original research and conceptual analysis of economic development, problems and policies in Indonesia. Abstracting/Indexing: DIMENSION | SINTA | GARUDA
Analysis of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth
This paper examines the effect of the combination of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in North Sumatera Province using time series data for the period 2010-2024. The analysis was conducted using VAR method and forecasting. The result show that local government spending and Local Own-Source Revenue contribute positively and significantly to economic growth. Conversely, inflation has a negative and significant impact on economic growth. These findings confirm that local fiscal instruments are the main drivers of the economy. On the other hand, General Allocation Funds and the BI Rate are not proven to have a significant effect on economic growth. No flypaper effect was found, because Local Own-Source Revenue plays a greater role in driving RGDP than General Allocation Funds, indicating that North Sumatra's economic performance is more supported by its internal potential. For the Policy Mix, a combination of expansive and productive fiscal policies with stable and accommodative monetary policies is most effective. While local governments support growth, BI stabilizes and provides a favorable economic environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics
Reformulating Indonesia’s Development Paradigm toward Sustainable Prosperity
This study reexamines Indonesia’s development paradigm with a focus on achieving sustainable welfare. Employing a dynamic panel data approach, the analysis investigates the effects of social, economic, and environmental dimensions on sustainable welfare proxied by the Gini ratio across 34 provinces over the 2019–2024 period. To address endogeneity concerns and capture dynamic relationships, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is applied. The estimation results from the FDGMM, SYSGMM, and DPGMM models satisfy the criteria of validity, consistency, and unbiasedness. Overall, the findings indicate that the explanatory variables in all three models exert a strong, negative, and statistically significant effect on inequality reduction, thereby enhancing sustainable welfare. However, per capita income exhibits a positive yet statistically insignificant impact on welfare in both the short and long run. Based on these findings, the study recommends a reformulation of Indonesia’s development paradigm toward sustainable welfare by positioning the Human Development Index (HDI) as the core foundation of development and structural reform. The results underscore the need for policy innovation that prioritizes HDI-based development, accelerates structural transformation, and promotes green job creation. Ultimately, progressive, inclusive, and consistent policy design is essential for achieving sustainable wellbeing, with a strong emphasis on equity and long-term sustainability
Analysis of Factors Influencing Regional Financial Independence in Regencies/Cities in Yogyakarta
This study aims to determine the factors influencing regional financial independence in regencies/cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. This study uses panel data regression analysis which is a combination of cross-sectoral data from 5 regencies/cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province and time series data from 2014-2024. The results of this study indicate that special funds, regional revenues, and special allocation funds have a significant positive influence on regional financial independence. Meanwhile, general allocation funds have a negative but insignificant influence on regional financial independence in regencies/cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Regional financial independence can be improved by optimizing regional revenues and utilizing specific and asymmetric fiscal transfers so as not to rely on transfer funds that tend not to encourage regional financial independence.
The Role of Higher Education in Driving Innovation and Economic Growth: Literature Review
Higher education is a primary pillar of modern economic development, playing a crucial role in knowledge development, human capital formation, and innovation creation. In a knowledge-based economy, universities function not only as educational institutions but also hold a strategic role in research, technological innovation, and cross-sector collaboration through models such as the Multi-Helix. This study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach and bibliometric analysis using the PRISMA method on 128 Scopus-indexed articles from the 2015–2025 period. The analysis was conducted to map publication trends, geographical distribution, collaboration networks, and key research themes using VOSviewer software. The results indicate that publication trends increased significantly after 2022, reaching a peak in 2024, with dominant contributions from European countries, particularly the United Kingdom, as well as China, Italy, and Spain. Central themes dominating the literature include "economic growth" and "innovation," which are linked through mechanisms of human capital, academic entrepreneurship, technology transfer, and the development of innovation ecosystems. Higher education plays a strategic role in driving innovation and economic growth by strengthening university innovation capacity, fostering cross-actor collaboration, developing entrepreneurial ecosystems, and improving the quality and distribution of human capital. However, these contributions are highly dependent on the regional context, institutional governance, integration with public policy, and the ability to effectively measure and manage the impact of innovation.
The Effect of Regional Fiscal Capacity and Capital Expenditure on Economic Growth in Central Java Province
This study will review the outcome of the fiscal policies and capital expenditure of the region on economic growth on Central Java Province in the 2021-2024 period. In panel data regression analysis performed with EViews 12 using quantitative approach. The findings indicate that regional retribution and capital expenditure have a positive as well as significant influence to the economic growth whereas the same is not true of the regional tax. This analysis shedding light on the fact that long term economic growth is possible by making good fiscal management and a specific focus on investment by the government. In practice, the results offer some strategic information to policymakers that can improve regional financial autonomy, and efficiency of capital expenditure and inclusion and sustainability of regional development.
The Dynamics of Population Aging and Public Health Expenditure on Economic Growth: An Empirical Study in the Asia-Pacific Region
In recent years, empirical studies on population aging have gained significant attention as it has become a major global issue facing both developed and developing countries. Population aging has the potential to exert adverse effects by decreasing labor force participation and productivity among the elderly, as well as causing imbalances between savings and investment that may lead to economic stagnation. Meanwhile, good health plays a crucial role in enhancing human resource quality and economic productivity. The objective of this empirical study is to explore the relationship between population aging, public health expenditure, and economic growth. Utilizing a panel data regression model, this study analyzes data from 30 countries in the Asia-Pacific region over the 2008–2022 period. Based on secondary data sourced from the World Bank, the estimation results clearly demonstrate that population aging is detrimental to a country's economic growth, whereas public health expenditure yields a significant positive impact on economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region. This research is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in designing strategies to enhance national resilience in facing demographic structural changes.
Internal and External Determinants of Village Own-Source Revenue: Evidence from 30 Villages in North Tasikmalaya
This study aims to determine and identify internal and external factors that affect village revenue with a case study of North Tasikmalaya including Sukaratu, Cisayong, Sukahening, Rajapolah, Jamanis, Ciawi, Sukaresik, Pagerangeung, and Kadipaten sub-districts. The method used in this research is a quantitative approach to primary data with data collection techniques using questionnaires. This research sampling technique uses Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. The data analysis method uses the Structure Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) through 3 analyses: outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that human resource capacity and government policy significantly influenced village revenue. Meanwhile, community participation, accessibility, and infrastructure do not influence village revenue. The lack of community participation is due to the community's indifference in advancing the village. Accessibility and infrastructure are also strategic issues that not all villages have adequate access and infrastructure so that regional economic development is not optimal.
Dynamics of Monetary Freedom, Labour, and FDI in Indonesia: A VECM Analysis
The research outlined here was directed by the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) in its investigation of the connection between monetary freedom, labor market, and foreign direct investment in Indonesia. Historical time series data have been used in the model and diagnostic tests employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the results. The cointegration test confirms the cointegration of all variables which reflects the presence of linkages both in the short run and long run. This research contributes to the understanding of monetary freedom, labor market dynamics, and foreign direct investment in Indonesia through a better comprehension of their economic interrelationships.
Copyright (c) 2025 Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics
Local Food Resources, Food Security, and Regional Economic Outcomes: A North Sulawesi Empirical Model
This research aims to analyze the influence of local food resources on food security and its impact on the local economy. The background of the research departs from the condition of North Sulawesi Province which has unique geographical characteristics with abundant natural resources, agriculture, and fisheries. Nevertheless, this region still faces challenges in the form of dependence on food supply from outside, fluctuations in commodity prices, and suboptimal economic diversification based on local potential. The research method used is to use a quantitative approach with path analysis using SEM-PLS. Primary data was obtained from 82 respondents involved in local food management and utilization. The results of the study show that food security has a direct and significant effect on the local economy. Local food resources have also been shown to have a direct and significant effect on food security, but do not have a direct effect on the local economy. In addition, there is a significant indirect influence of local food resources through food security on the local economy. This research is expected to contribute to the government as a policymaker in encouraging food security based on local potential to improve the local economy, especially in North Sulawesi Province.
A Circular Economy Development Model to Enhance Circularity and Value Capture in Food MSMEs
This study aims to analyze the application of the circular economy in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the food and beverage sector in Central Java Province and formulate an efficient and sustainable ecosystem development model. The research employed an exploratory descriptive method with a case study approach, examining 60 business units across four districts/cities: Semarang, Semarang Regency, Kendal, and Kudus. The analysis was conducted using a circular economy calculator to measure four key indicators: circularity, value capture, recycled content, and reuse index. The results showed that the circularity level in food MSMEs was still low, with 75.5% of respondents falling within the range of 1-5%. Most of the value capture, recycling content, and reuse index scores were also below 1%. This condition reflects the limitations of knowledge, access to technology, and the availability of adequate waste management infrastructure.
Socioeconomic Determinants and Their Interactions in Shaping Improved Sanitation Access in Indonesia
Access to adequate sanitation facilities is a key agenda in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, but is still an urgent development issue in Indonesia. The equitable distribution of sanitation services between regions has not been fully achieved due to strong regional disparities, high levels of poverty, and ongoing socio-economic inequality. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic determinants that affect the level of community access to adequate sanitation facilities in Indonesia. The quantitative approach was used through regression analysis of panel data at the provincial level during the 2019-2023 period, utilizing secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the World Bank. The dependent variable in this study is the proportion of households that have access to proper sanitation facilities. Meanwhile, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), Gini ratio, poverty rate, and life expectancy are used as independent variables that represent the economic condition of the region, income distribution, social vulnerability, and the level of welfare of the population. The results show that the increase in regional GRDP has a positive and significant effect on sanitation access. Life expectancy also positively related to the availability of good sanitation. On the contrary, higher income inequality and a large prevalence of poverty have been shown to decrease people's chances of obtaining proper sanitation services.
Impact of Digital Technology Access and Structural Factors on Women’s Labor Force Participation in Indonesia
This study examines the effects of digital technology access, gender equality, regional economic development, and minimum wage policy on women’s labor force participation in Indonesia. Using an annual provincial panel data set for the period 2015-2024 (t = 10), yielding 340 annual observations, the analysis applies a dynamic panel regression based on an Error Correction Model to distinguish long-run relationships from short-run dynamics. The results confirm a long-run relationship between digitalization, the gender development index, gross regional domestic product per capita, the provincial minimum wage, and women’s labor force participation. In the long run, the gender development index, gross regional domestic product per capita, and the provincial minimum wage have positive and statistically significant effects on women’s participation, while digitalization has a positive but not yet significant effect. In the short run, changes in digitalization, the gender development index, and gross regional domestic product per capita positively and significantly affect changes in women’s labor force participation, whereas changes in the provincial minimum wage are not significant. These findings suggest that digitalization mainly acts as a short-run opportunity trigger, while progress in gender equality, rising regional prosperity, and an adequate minimum wage function as key structural determinants of stronger women’s labor force participation in the digital economy.
The Effect of Human Development Index, Foreign Direct Investment, and Technology on Income Inequality in Six Asian Countries
Economic growth usually shows how much a country has grown. The ASEAN-5 which includes Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines are important for Southeast Asia's economy. This study examines the effect of government spending, gross fixed capital formation, and labor on economic growth in the period 2000–2023 using secondary data from the World Bank. This study applies panel data regression through the Fixed Effects Model (FEM). The findings show that government spending, gross fixed capital formation, and labor have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries. Thus, the effectiveness of government spending, optimization of fixed capital investment, and utilization of productive labor are important factors in promoting sustainable economic growth in the region.
Actor Interactions for Circular Economy Implementation in Rural–Urban Interfaces: Evidence from Malang Regency
This study aims to analyze the role of collaboration between actors in achieving sustainable development goals through the implementation of a circular economy in Karangwidoro Village, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Malang Regency was chosen because it has representative peri-urban characteristics, with rapid urbanization and coexistence between urban and rural elements. The data used are primary data through in-depth interviews and direct observation. Data collection was carried out from February to March 2025. This study uses MACTOR (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts, Tactics, and Objectives for Risk Analysis) analysis to analyze among 9 main stakeholders, such as managers, partners, government officials, academics, and local communities. The research findings show that strong collaboration between central actors such as local governments, program managers, and academic institutions is critical to the successful implementation of a circular economy. However, challenges remain, especially with peripheral actors such as local communities, whose involvement tends to be sporadic and dependent on external factors. This study concludes that to ensure the sustainability of the program, collaboration between various existing actors is very important in achieving sustainable development goals through a circular economy, by utilizing synergies between government, society, private sector, and academics.
Monetary Instruments Against the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index: Moderation in Gross Domestic Product
The Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI) is an indicator that represents the price performance of all sharia-compliant stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Over the past three years, ISSI capitalization has experienced significant growth. However, this development is still influenced by the dynamics of external factors, particularly macroeconomic variables such as inflation, the IDR exchange rate, and the BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI 7-Day RR). The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of inflation, the IDR exchange rate, and the BI 7-Day RR on the ISSI and to examine the role of GDP in moderating this relationship. The study uses a quantitative associative approach with Indonesian time series data for the 2021–2023 period. Analysis techniques include classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression with a Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach, and hypothesis testing. The results indicate that inflation has no significant effect on the ISSI. Conversely, the IDR exchange rate and the BI 7-Day RR were shown to have a significant effect on the ISSI. Other findings indicate that GDP strengthens the influence of the IDR exchange rate and the BI 7-Day RR on the ISSI, but does not moderate the relationship between inflation and the ISSI.
Analysis of The Effect of Food Commodity Price Changes on Inflation in Central Java
Commodity price movements have a significant impact on regional economic stability, especially in terms of inflation. In Central Java Province, fluctuations in the prices of rice, shallots, curly red chilies, red cayenne peppers, and cooking oil are the main causes of inflation. This phenomenon requires a more in-depth examination of the relationship between price fluctuations and inflation. This means that studies at the regional level are still limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of commodity price changes on inflation in Central Java. The data used is from 2021 to 2025 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) - Error Correction Model (ECM) method. The data used is monthly secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the National Food Agency. The estimation results show that in the short term, the variables of curly red chili price, previous period curly red chili price, previous period rice price, and previous period cooking oil price have a significant effect on inflation, while in the long term, curly red chili price has a positive effect and rice price has a negative effect on inflation in Central Java. The CointEq(-1) coefficient, which has a value of -0.106705 and is significant, indicates the existence of a correction mechanism towards long-term equilibrium. This value suggests that around 10.67% of the deviation of inflation from its equilibrium in the previous period is adjusted or corrected during the current period.
Sustainable Development Based on SDGs: Assessment on Blue Economy Potential in Labuang, Majene
The degradation of marine ecosystems and the underutilization of coastal resources have become major challenges in achieving sustainable economic growth in many coastal regions of Indonesia. Labuang Village in Majene Regency, which possesses abundant marine and coastal resources, faces similar issues related to limited resource optimization and weak institutional support. This research seeks to evaluate the Blue Economy potential of Labuang Village within the context of Embedded Sustainability, and the Sustainable Development Goals. This qualitative research was conducted employing a case study approach with five purposive participants to represent the primary stakeholders: fishermen, seaweed ranchers, village administration, and community leaders. Data were inquired through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews, and were subsequently analyzed using NVivo to code by thematic analysis. The results of the research indicate that Labuang Village has significant potential in capture fishery, seaweed farming, and marine tourism, which impacts the attainment of SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 14 (Life Under Water). However, the potential remains dormant, as there is a glaring absence of infrastructure, funding, and technology. A triadic alliance of the state, community, and business actors is thus mandated to fully harness the potential of the region's Blue Economy.
The Effect of Government Expenditure, Fixed Capital Investment, and Labor on Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Countries
Exploring the Economic Potential of The Region: Spatial Analysis of Key Sectors for Food Security in Lampung
Food security is a strategic issue and a priority for national development in Indonesia, particularly in provinces with significant agricultural potential such as Lampung. This study aims to identify leading and potential sectors that contribute to strengthening food security by applying Location Quotient (LQ), Growth Ratio Model (GRM), Overlay Analysis, and Spatial Analysis. The LQ results indicate seven basic sectors, including food crops, agricultural services, livestock, fisheries, plantations, horticulture, and the food and beverage industry. Further analysis through GRM and Overlay shows that livestock and the food and beverage industry are categorized as leading sectors, while food crops, agricultural services, fisheries, plantations, and horticulture are identified as potential sectors. Spatial analysis highlights Central Lampung, East Lampung, South Lampung, Tulang Bawang, and North Lampung as key regions with sectoral specialization, supported by natural resources, infrastructure, and industrial networks. The findings demonstrate that Lampung Province plays a vital role as a national food barn, but challenges remain, including land conversion, productivity disparities, and post-harvest management. Therefore, integrated policies that combine sectoral revitalization, spatial planning, and sustainable management are required. This research provides a comprehensive foundation for formulating regional economic development strategies to enhance food security resilience in Lampung Province.
The Impact of Mineral Resources Windfall on Poverty Through Fiscal Transmission
Following the implementation of fiscal decentralization, the Indonesian government has employed natural resource revenue-sharing funds as a mechanism to allocate revenues from the mining sector to producing areas. Nonetheless, research regarding the effects of fiscal windfall from mining at the local level in Indonesia remains scarce. This study aims to address the research gap by examining the impact of natural resource abundance through the distribution of mining revenue sharing funds on poverty on Sulawesi Island, the biggest nickel-producing and processing region in Indonesia. Analysis of panel data from 51 districts in Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi for the period 2017-2022, utilizing the Fixed Effect estimation method, reveals that mining revenue sharing, intended to mitigate the adverse externalities of mining projects and alleviate poverty, is not statistically significant. Sub-sample analysis reveals that mining revenue sharing correlates with a rise in poverty rates in Southeast Sulawesi, indicating the presence of the resource curse phenomena. Simultaneously, the contributions of mining and industrial GRDP, the human development index, and the proportion of “Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH)” recipients affected the alleviation of poverty. This research underscores the necessity for the government to account for local fiscal capability and institutional quality in the administration of mining revenue sharing funds, while also advocating for economic diversification to enhance the welfare of local populations.
Competitiveness of Indonesia Palm Oil in the International Market
Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world. The growth of production and exports and the decreasing of import Indonesia palm oil should also increases the competitiveness of Indonesia palm oil in the International market. Therefore, We need to know the competitiveness of palm oil in Indonesia by calculate the value of export, production, and import through descriptive method model analysis using Import Dependency Ratio (IDR), Self Sufficiency Ratio (SSR), and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) as the analysis tools. The data we used in this research is secondary data from Central Bureau of Statistic and UN Comtrade year 1990 until 2022.
Tourism Sector and Economic Growth on Employment Absorption in Central Java
The tourism sector is one of the main drivers of the economy in Indonesia, contributing to GDP, job creation, and regional development. Central Java Province, with a significant contribution to employment absorption and economic growth from the tourism sector, has great potential in terms of nature, culture, and history. This study aims to analyze the tourism and economic growth on employment absorption in the tourism sector of Central Java. Quantitative analysis with panel data from 35 regencies/cities in Central Java from 2019-2023 uses panel data regression. Data was obtained from BPS and Department of Youth, Sport, and Tourism of Central Java.. The findings show that the F-statistic value is 4.66 with a probability value of 0.011 (<0.05), indicating that the independent variables significantly affect employment absorption. However, of the two independent variables, only the tourism sector has a positive and significant effect. Strengthening the tourism sector through destination promotion and infrastructure is necessary to support economic recovery post-pandemic.
Soybean Imports and Economic Resilience: Measuring Their Impact on National Development
Soybeans play an important role in meeting the consumption needs of the Indonesian people. Soybeans also serve as the main raw material in various food industries in Indonesia, such as tofu, tempeh, soy sauce, and other processed products. The high domestic demand has not been matched by domestic production capacity, so Indonesia still relies on imports to meet these needs. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing soybean import volumes in Indonesia using data spanning 23 years, from 2000 to 2022 (time series). This study uses data obtained from official sources such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Bank, and the Agricultural Information System (AMIS). The method used is a quantitative approach with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression technique. This study aims to analyze the influence of GDP, inflation, exchange rate, and production variables on the volume of soybean imports in Indonesia. A series of steps were conducted, starting from stationarity tests, selection of the optimal lag, cointegration tests, to ARDL model estimation. The results show that in the short term, none of the variables have a significant effect. However, in the long term, only GDP and exchange rate have a significant and positive effect on soybean imports.
The Role of Micro Business Policies in Sport Tourism Development
This study aims to analyze the effect of micro business model policy implementation and community readiness on the development of sport tourism in Cijagamulya, Ciawigebang District, Kuningan - West Java. The method used is quantitative approach with survey technique. Data were collected through questionnaires consisting of micro business actors, local communities, and related stakeholders. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The research results show that the implementation of the micro business model policy and community readiness have a significant influence on the development of sport tourism. And based on SWOT analysis, the development of sport tourism in Cijagamulya is included in Quadrant I (Aggressive Strategy) which shows that the development of sport tourism has a strong position to continue to be developed. The results of this study confirm that the strengthening of sports tourism development in Cijagamulya is strongly influenced by the implementation of effective micro business model policies and the readiness of the community to support this sector.
The Effectiveness of Economic Growth on Regional Expenditure in Central Java Province
Regional spending plays a strategic role in supporting economic development. This study analyzes the factors influencing regional spending in regencies and cities in Central Java Province using panel regression with five variables: effectiveness ratio, population, government assistance, HDI, and economic growth. Data from 2015-2022 were sourced from BPS and The Ministry of Finance. Spatial data were visualized using GIS-based mapping to illustrate fiscal self-sufficiency across regions. The results show that population size, HDI, and government assistance significantly affect regional spending. While the effectiveness ratio and economic growth are not significant. Spatial reveal that cities such as Semarang, Magelang, and Surakarta demonstrate higher fiscal independence, while regencies like Brebes remain highly dependent on central transfers. These findings suggest that improving human development and increasing local revenue capacity, especially in less developed regencies, are key strategies to enhance fiscal independence and promote regional economic resilience.
Determinant of Stock Prices for Nickel Companies in Indonesia
Nowadays, nickel is an important component of batteries which is a very profitable subsector. The increasing public interest in electric vehicles and renewable energy is one of the causes of the high demand for nickel for electric vehicles and increasing attention for public companies of nickel processing. This study’s objective is to analyze factors determining the stock prices of nickel companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The tested factors include Total Asset Turnover Ratio (TATO), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Price to Earning Ration (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), and Earning per Share (EPS). This research applies data of 3 Indonesian nickel companies from q12014 to q32022, and applies a method of panel data. Findings of this study reveal that ROE, DER, PBV, and EPS have impacts significantly on the stock prices of Indonesian nickel companies. Indonesian nickel companies are suggested to investing smelters in order to optimize the added value of nickel commodities and follow the downstream policy.
Study of Women's Roles in Poverty Reduction
This research aims to analyze the influence of the gender development index, female labor force participation rate, and female per capita expenditure on poverty in 119 districts/cities in Java Island in the period 2020-2023. The research method uses a quantitative approach with panel data regression, utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency to explain the relationship between variables. The results of the study show that the gender development index, female labor force participation rate, and female per capita expenditure have a negative and significant effect on poverty. Increasing gender equality, women's participation in the labor market, and people's purchasing power have been shown to contribute to more effective poverty alleviation. This study emphasizes the importance of inclusive and gender-equitable development policies to optimally reduce poverty rates in various regions.
Assessing Public Service Level: Evidence from Ngawi Regency In 2024
Public service measurement constitutes a follow-up to the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2017, serving as a metric for evaluating public performance and the governance thereof. The present study employs a multifaceted approach to assess the quality of public services in Ngawi Regency during the year 2024, utilising a combination of index and analytic hierarchy process methodologies. The respondent was set using purposive sampling method covers 500 individuals and 13 local apparatuses of Ngawi Regency. The findings reveal that the indexes of public service in public service malls at the regency and sub-district levels were 83.33 and 82.59 respectively. The priority factor values that constitute public service in sequence are as follows: reliability (0.206), tangibility (0.179), empathy (0.165), assurance (0.154), responsiveness (0.152), and general (0.144). Consequently, the Ngawi Regency Government can leverage online services to enhance public services and prioritise the factors contributing to the public service index.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Level of Tourist Visits in the Klawalu Mangrove Tourism Area, Sorong City
The number of tourist visits to the Klawalu Mangrove Tourism Area is still low, even though this area has enormous potential for sustainable ecotourism development that can improve the welfare of local communities and preserve the environment. The research was conducted in Klawalu Village, Sorong City, Southwest Papua. The method used was a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis, with data collected through questionnaires and interviews with 40 tourists who had visited the location. The results showed that ticket price and service quality were the main factors influencing tourists' decisions to revisit. Tourists considered the suitability of price to the facilities and experience provided as determining factors. Conversely, accessibility, infrastructure, and the attractiveness of the tourist attraction did not have a significant influence.
Supporting facilities and infrastructure
Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in ASEAN-5 From 2010-2022: Though Energy Transition
Economic activity and energy consumption are the main drivers of the increase in CO₂ emissions that trigger global climate change. This study analyzes the effect of GDP per capita, GDP per capita squared, renewable energy consumption, non- renewable energy consumption, and environmental taxes on CO₂ emissions in ASEAN-5 (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam) for the period 2010-2022 using the FMOLS dynamic panel method. The results show that GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy have a significant positive effect on CO₂ emissions, while environmental taxes and GDP per capita have a significant negative effect. This study supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the long run. Policy recommendations include diversifying the low-emission economy, reducing non- renewable energy consumption, accelerating the adoption of renewable energy with incentives, and strengthening environmental taxes to encourage environmentally and human-friendly technologies.