Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics
p-ISSN 2655-6197 | e-ISSN 2655-318X The journal publishes original research and conceptual analysis of economic development, problems and policies in Indonesia. Abstracting/Indexing: DIMENSION | SINTA | GARUDA
Analysis of The Effect of Food Commodity Price Changes on Inflation in Central Java
Commodity price movements have a significant impact on regional economic stability, especially in terms of inflation. In Central Java Province, fluctuations in the prices of rice, shallots, curly red chilies, red cayenne peppers, and cooking oil are the main causes of inflation. This phenomenon requires a more in-depth examination of the relationship between price fluctuations and inflation. This means that studies at the regional level are still limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of commodity price changes on inflation in Central Java. The data used is from 2021 to 2025 using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) - Error Correction Model (ECM) method. The data used is monthly secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the National Food Agency. The estimation results show that in the short term, the variables of curly red chili price, previous period curly red chili price, previous period rice price, and previous period cooking oil price have a significant effect on inflation, while in the long term, curly red chili price has a positive effect and rice price has a negative effect on inflation in Central Java. The CointEq(-1) coefficient, which has a value of -0.106705 and is significant, indicates the existence of a correction mechanism towards long-term equilibrium. This value suggests that around 10.67% of the deviation of inflation from its equilibrium in the previous period is adjusted or corrected during the current period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics
Sustainable Development Based on SDGs: Assessment on Blue Economy Potential in Labuang, Majene
The degradation of marine ecosystems and the underutilization of coastal resources have become major challenges in achieving sustainable economic growth in many coastal regions of Indonesia. Labuang Village in Majene Regency, which possesses abundant marine and coastal resources, faces similar issues related to limited resource optimization and weak institutional support. This research seeks to evaluate the Blue Economy potential of Labuang Village within the context of Embedded Sustainability, and the Sustainable Development Goals. This qualitative research was conducted employing a case study approach with five purposive participants to represent the primary stakeholders: fishermen, seaweed ranchers, village administration, and community leaders. Data were inquired through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews, and were subsequently analyzed using NVivo to code by thematic analysis. The results of the research indicate that Labuang Village has significant potential in capture fishery, seaweed farming, and marine tourism, which impacts the attainment of SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 14 (Life Under Water). However, the potential remains dormant, as there is a glaring absence of infrastructure, funding, and technology. A triadic alliance of the state, community, and business actors is thus mandated to fully harness the potential of the region's Blue Economy.
The Effect of Government Expenditure, Fixed Capital Investment, and Labor on Economic Growth in ASEAN-5 Countries
Economic growth usually shows how much a country has grown. The ASEAN-5 which includes Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines are important for Southeast Asia's economy. This study examines the effect of government spending, gross fixed capital formation, and labor on economic growth in the period 2000–2023 using secondary data from the World Bank. This study applies panel data regression through the Fixed Effects Model (FEM). The findings show that government spending, gross fixed capital formation, and labor have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries. Thus, the effectiveness of government spending, optimization of fixed capital investment, and utilization of productive labor are important factors in promoting sustainable economic growth in the region.
The Impact of Mineral Resources Windfall on Poverty Through Fiscal Transmission
Following the implementation of fiscal decentralization, the Indonesian government has employed natural resource revenue-sharing funds as a mechanism to allocate revenues from the mining sector to producing areas. Nonetheless, research regarding the effects of fiscal windfall from mining at the local level in Indonesia remains scarce. This study aims to address the research gap by examining the impact of natural resource abundance through the distribution of mining revenue sharing funds on poverty on Sulawesi Island, the biggest nickel-producing and processing region in Indonesia. Analysis of panel data from 51 districts in Central Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi for the period 2017-2022, utilizing the Fixed Effect estimation method, reveals that mining revenue sharing, intended to mitigate the adverse externalities of mining projects and alleviate poverty, is not statistically significant. Sub-sample analysis reveals that mining revenue sharing correlates with a rise in poverty rates in Southeast Sulawesi, indicating the presence of the resource curse phenomena. Simultaneously, the contributions of mining and industrial GRDP, the human development index, and the proportion of “Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH)” recipients affected the alleviation of poverty. This research underscores the necessity for the government to account for local fiscal capability and institutional quality in the administration of mining revenue sharing funds, while also advocating for economic diversification to enhance the welfare of local populations.
Competitiveness of Indonesia Palm Oil in the International Market
Indonesia is the largest exporter of palm oil in the world. The growth of production and exports and the decreasing of import Indonesia palm oil should also increases the competitiveness of Indonesia palm oil in the International market. Therefore, We need to know the competitiveness of palm oil in Indonesia by calculate the value of export, production, and import through descriptive method model analysis using Import Dependency Ratio (IDR), Self Sufficiency Ratio (SSR), and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) as the analysis tools. The data we used in this research is secondary data from Central Bureau of Statistic and UN Comtrade year 1990 until 2022.
Tourism Sector and Economic Growth on Employment Absorption in Central Java
The tourism sector is one of the main drivers of the economy in Indonesia, contributing to GDP, job creation, and regional development. Central Java Province, with a significant contribution to employment absorption and economic growth from the tourism sector, has great potential in terms of nature, culture, and history. This study aims to analyze the tourism and economic growth on employment absorption in the tourism sector of Central Java. Quantitative analysis with panel data from 35 regencies/cities in Central Java from 2019-2023 uses panel data regression. Data was obtained from BPS and Department of Youth, Sport, and Tourism of Central Java.. The findings show that the F-statistic value is 4.66 with a probability value of 0.011 (<0.05), indicating that the independent variables significantly affect employment absorption. However, of the two independent variables, only the tourism sector has a positive and significant effect. Strengthening the tourism sector through destination promotion and infrastructure is necessary to support economic recovery post-pandemic.
Soybean Imports and Economic Resilience: Measuring Their Impact on National Development
Soybeans play an important role in meeting the consumption needs of the Indonesian people. Soybeans also serve as the main raw material in various food industries in Indonesia, such as tofu, tempeh, soy sauce, and other processed products. The high domestic demand has not been matched by domestic production capacity, so Indonesia still relies on imports to meet these needs. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing soybean import volumes in Indonesia using data spanning 23 years, from 2000 to 2022 (time series). This study uses data obtained from official sources such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Bank, and the Agricultural Information System (AMIS). The method used is a quantitative approach with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression technique. This study aims to analyze the influence of GDP, inflation, exchange rate, and production variables on the volume of soybean imports in Indonesia. A series of steps were conducted, starting from stationarity tests, selection of the optimal lag, cointegration tests, to ARDL model estimation. The results show that in the short term, none of the variables have a significant effect. However, in the long term, only GDP and exchange rate have a significant and positive effect on soybean imports.
The Role of Micro Business Policies in Sport Tourism Development
This study aims to analyze the effect of micro business model policy implementation and community readiness on the development of sport tourism in Cijagamulya, Ciawigebang District, Kuningan - West Java. The method used is quantitative approach with survey technique. Data were collected through questionnaires consisting of micro business actors, local communities, and related stakeholders. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables. The research results show that the implementation of the micro business model policy and community readiness have a significant influence on the development of sport tourism. And based on SWOT analysis, the development of sport tourism in Cijagamulya is included in Quadrant I (Aggressive Strategy) which shows that the development of sport tourism has a strong position to continue to be developed. The results of this study confirm that the strengthening of sports tourism development in Cijagamulya is strongly influenced by the implementation of effective micro business model policies and the readiness of the community to support this sector.
The Effectiveness of Economic Growth on Regional Expenditure in Central Java Province
Regional spending plays a strategic role in supporting economic development. This study analyzes the factors influencing regional spending in regencies and cities in Central Java Province using panel regression with five variables: effectiveness ratio, population, government assistance, HDI, and economic growth. Data from 2015-2022 were sourced from BPS and The Ministry of Finance. Spatial data were visualized using GIS-based mapping to illustrate fiscal self-sufficiency across regions. The results show that population size, HDI, and government assistance significantly affect regional spending. While the effectiveness ratio and economic growth are not significant. Spatial reveal that cities such as Semarang, Magelang, and Surakarta demonstrate higher fiscal independence, while regencies like Brebes remain highly dependent on central transfers. These findings suggest that improving human development and increasing local revenue capacity, especially in less developed regencies, are key strategies to enhance fiscal independence and promote regional economic resilience.
Determinant of Stock Prices for Nickel Companies in Indonesia
Nowadays, nickel is an important component of batteries which is a very profitable subsector. The increasing public interest in electric vehicles and renewable energy is one of the causes of the high demand for nickel for electric vehicles and increasing attention for public companies of nickel processing. This study’s objective is to analyze factors determining the stock prices of nickel companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The tested factors include Total Asset Turnover Ratio (TATO), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and Price to Earning Ration (PER), Price to Book Value (PBV), and Earning per Share (EPS). This research applies data of 3 Indonesian nickel companies from q12014 to q32022, and applies a method of panel data. Findings of this study reveal that ROE, DER, PBV, and EPS have impacts significantly on the stock prices of Indonesian nickel companies. Indonesian nickel companies are suggested to investing smelters in order to optimize the added value of nickel commodities and follow the downstream policy.
Study of Women's Roles in Poverty Reduction
This research aims to analyze the influence of the gender development index, female labor force participation rate, and female per capita expenditure on poverty in 119 districts/cities in Java Island in the period 2020-2023. The research method uses a quantitative approach with panel data regression, utilizing secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency to explain the relationship between variables. The results of the study show that the gender development index, female labor force participation rate, and female per capita expenditure have a negative and significant effect on poverty. Increasing gender equality, women's participation in the labor market, and people's purchasing power have been shown to contribute to more effective poverty alleviation. This study emphasizes the importance of inclusive and gender-equitable development policies to optimally reduce poverty rates in various regions.
Assessing Public Service Level: Evidence from Ngawi Regency In 2024
Public service measurement constitutes a follow-up to the Regulation of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and Bureaucratic Reform of the Republic of Indonesia Number 14 of 2017, serving as a metric for evaluating public performance and the governance thereof. The present study employs a multifaceted approach to assess the quality of public services in Ngawi Regency during the year 2024, utilising a combination of index and analytic hierarchy process methodologies. The respondent was set using purposive sampling method covers 500 individuals and 13 local apparatuses of Ngawi Regency. The findings reveal that the indexes of public service in public service malls at the regency and sub-district levels were 83.33 and 82.59 respectively. The priority factor values that constitute public service in sequence are as follows: reliability (0.206), tangibility (0.179), empathy (0.165), assurance (0.154), responsiveness (0.152), and general (0.144). Consequently, the Ngawi Regency Government can leverage online services to enhance public services and prioritise the factors contributing to the public service index.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Level of Tourist Visits in the Klawalu Mangrove Tourism Area, Sorong City
The number of tourist visits to the Klawalu Mangrove Tourism Area is still low, even though this area has enormous potential for sustainable ecotourism development that can improve the welfare of local communities and preserve the environment. The research was conducted in Klawalu Village, Sorong City, Southwest Papua. The method used was a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis, with data collected through questionnaires and interviews with 40 tourists who had visited the location. The results showed that ticket price and service quality were the main factors influencing tourists' decisions to revisit. Tourists considered the suitability of price to the facilities and experience provided as determining factors. Conversely, accessibility, infrastructure, and the attractiveness of the tourist attraction did not have a significant influence.
Supporting facilities and infrastructure
Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in ASEAN-5 From 2010-2022: Though Energy Transition
Economic activity and energy consumption are the main drivers of the increase in CO₂ emissions that trigger global climate change. This study analyzes the effect of GDP per capita, GDP per capita squared, renewable energy consumption, non- renewable energy consumption, and environmental taxes on CO₂ emissions in ASEAN-5 (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam) for the period 2010-2022 using the FMOLS dynamic panel method. The results show that GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy have a significant positive effect on CO₂ emissions, while environmental taxes and GDP per capita have a significant negative effect. This study supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the long run. Policy recommendations include diversifying the low-emission economy, reducing non- renewable energy consumption, accelerating the adoption of renewable energy with incentives, and strengthening environmental taxes to encourage environmentally and human-friendly technologies.
Boosting Income for Magelang's Creative Sector
Production activities that can still survive and achieve large profits today are activities that are competitive and innovative. The current sector that continues to grow, one of the factors that increase economic growth is the creative economy sector, which shows improvement in increasing the income of its people. The creative economy is a strategy implemented by the Indonesian government in advancing the country's economic sector. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the income of creative economy business actors in Magelang Regency. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis tools. The results showed that labor, gender, and creative economy subsector had a significant effect on the income of creative economy business actors. While capital, length of business, education, skills, and marketing have no significant effect on the income of creative economy business actors. The implication of this research is that it is necessary to increase investment in labor development, training and capacity building in order to increase productivity and efficiency
Copyright (c) 2024 Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics
Water and Sanitation Access: An Analysis of Households in Indonesia
Water and sanitation are critical components in achieving the SDGs. In Indonesia, poor water quality and sanitation have been the primary causes of diarrheal illnesses, resulting in high child death rates. This research investigates the extent to which a community's socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influence the adoption of water and sanitation facilities. Using the logit model analysis method, the data used is from an IFLS5 survey of 14,827 households. The findings indicate that sanitation improvements are linked to household expenditure and toilet use, but piped water availability is related to education and water source location. However, expenditure has no significant effect on the transition from non-piped to piped water sources. Limited access to clean drinking water and sanitation services can pose health risks to the community, socioeconomic status, and the environment. The study provides policy recommendations to expand the coverage of clean water and sanitation services to the community for better household health in Indonesia.
Empowering Local Economies: A Comprehensive Study on Leading Products in Pemalang Regency
The economic development of Pemalang Regency holds significant potential, given its abundant natural resources and cultural heritage. However, the region faces challenges in optimizing these assets to reduce inequality and foster inclusive growth. Identifying leading sectors and superior products is crucial for promoting sustainable economic transformation. This study employs Location Quotient (LQ), Shift Share (SS), Klassen Typology, and statistic descriptive analysis to assess sectoral performance and prioritize economic development strategies. Data collection involved purposive sampling across all subdistricts, ensuring representativeness and balanced insights. Findings reveal that agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and the financial sector are advanced and fast-growing, while several sectors such as transportation and warehousing are developed but under pressure. Notable products include honey pineaple, coffee, milkfish, textiles, and processed foods, which demonstrate significant growth potential when supported by targeted investments and strategic marketing. It is recommended that policymakers focus on developing infrastructure, fostering innovation, and enhancing human capital to strengthen these key sectors. Furthermore, promoting digital marketing and facilitating partnerships can expand market access and enhance competitiveness, ensuring Pemalang's economic sustainability in the long term.
Income's Role in Mediating Consumption, Education, and Credit Effects on Household Savings
This study aims to investigate the mediating role of income in the effects of consumption, education, and credit on household savings among business actors in Indonesia. Using a sample of 170 business owners, data were collected through structured questionnaires covering variables such as monthly consumption, education level, credit usage, income, and household savings. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data using JASP software, allowing for both direct and indirect effects to be assessed. The results indicate that consumption positively affects both income and household savings, suggesting that increased spending among business actors reflects higher income levels that enable greater saving. Education also positively influences household savings by enhancing financial literacy, though it does not directly increase income. Conversely, higher credit usage is associated with reduced income and household savings, highlighting the financial burden imposed by debt repayment. Income is shown to be a significant mediator in the relationships between consumption, credit, and household savings but does not mediate the effect of education. These findings underscore the importance of financial literacy and responsible credit use in enhancing savings among business actors. The study offers insights for policymakers to promote financial stability and prudent financial behavior
Investigating Kaldor’s Theory in ASEAN-5 Countries
Manufacturing is a strategic key sector in driving a country's productivity, which will increase per capita income. However, manufacturing has lost its relative role in both developed and developing countries. Five countries in the Southeast Asia region, namely Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam are five countries in the middle-income category that have the largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Southeast Asia region. Based on World Bank data 2023 states that GNI per capita in 2023, namely Indonesia is ranked 112th, Thailand is ranked 80th, Malaysia is ranked 60th, the Philippines is ranked 113th, and Vietnam is ranked 131st. This study aims to analyze the influence of the variables Manufacturing, Foreign Direct Investment, Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Mobile-cellular Telephone Subscriptions, and Education Index on Gross National Income per capita in five Southeast Asia countries from 2013 to 2022. Using panel data analysis, it is explained that the panel data regression estimation model Fixed Effect Model (FEM) shows an adjusted R2 value of 0.9833. The variables in this study have a significant effect on GNI per capita, namely the variables Manufacturing, Foreign Direct Investment, Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Mobile-cellular Telephone Subscriptions, Education Index.
Analysis of Carbon Emissions in ASEAN Manufacturing: Input-Output and Panel Data Approach
This research aims to identify the leading sectors in four ASEAN countries and analyze the influence of production in these sectors and the consumption of renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions in these countries. The analytical methods used include the analysis of inter-sector linkages and identifying leading sectors using input-output tables, followed by further analysis with panel data regression. The results indicate that while the leading sectors vary among the four countries, the manufacturing sector predominantly leads. Additionally, GDP in the manufacturing sector and renewable energy consumption significantly affect carbon dioxide emissions in the four ASEAN countries
Input-Output Table, Carbon Emissions, Manufacturing Sector, Panel Regression, ASEAN
Determinants of Poverty in Indonesia: Does Per Capita Income Matter?
Poverty in Indonesia has decreased significantly over the past 50 years, but per capita income does not yet indicate deprivation of basic needs. This study aims to identify the determinants of poverty in Indonesia through an economic and social aspect. Data sample used includes poverty rates and socio-economic aspects from 34 provinces in Indonesia for the period 2015-2022, which were analyzed using panel data regression with random effect model. The novelty of this study lies in the socio-economic variables representing financial capability and basic needs. This study found that per capita income, average years of schooling, life expectancy, access to clean water, and access to electricity have negative and significant effects, while unemployment, Gini coefficient, and poverty line have positive and significant effects on poverty in Indonesia. Poverty alleviation can be accelerated not only by increasing per capita income, but also by government policies that equalize income distribution and reduce deprivation of basic needs. Policymakers are expected to improve economic growth, education, healthcare, access to clean water and electricity, reduce income inequality and unemployment, and maintain purchasing power to alleviate poverty in Indonesia.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through in ITF Adopting Countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines Comparative Study
This paper investigates how the adoption of inflation targeting influenced Exchange Rate Pass-Through (ERPT) in the three developing countries of Southeast Asia – Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines. Moreover, this paper aims to analyze the macroeconomic determinants of the degree of pass-through to a consumer price index. For this purpose, we employ an Error Correction Model (ECM) regression analysis. The results found evidence that adopting an inflation-targeting framework does not necessarily reduce the degree of ERPT. However, economic openness emerges as a key limiting factor as higher trade share and lower trade tariffs lessen the degree of ERPT in those countries. It implies that trade liberalization, economic diversification, and enhancing competitiveness to reduce reliance on imports can further mitigate ERPT’s impact on inflation.
Review Of the Effectiveness of The Central Java Province Government's Cooperative and Sme Development Program
In order to improve the achievement of development of the Cooperative and MSME sectors and to find out the extent of the effectiveness of the programs/activities that have been carried out towards achieving targets in accordance with the organization's vision and mission, it is necessary to conduct an evaluation of the program or activity and its recommendations. Through this evaluation activity, the weaknesses or obstacles faced will be identified, so that the results can be used as information to make corrections or improvements to the implementation of the program in the future. The purpose of this study is to conduct evaluations and provide recommendations for various programs in the strategic plan that have been implemented by the cooperative and UMKM service in Central Java. The quantitative approach aims to provide recommendations for the cooperative and UMKM development program of the Central Java provincial government using the ANP (Analytic Network Process) method. This study uses Logical Framework analysis to determine the evaluation of the cooperative and UMKM development program of the Central Java provincial government.
Indonesia's Clove Export Competitiveness in the Continental Markets of Asia and the World
Free exchange plays an important role in economic growth. One of them is the export potential that brings profits. Indonesia is becoming one of the largest producers of crab in the world. The research aims to determine the competitiveness of Indonesia’s and its competitors’ exports in the Asian and world markets, as well as its competitive position and trade specialization index in Indonesia. The data used in the study are secondary data from nine of the world's largest cranberry producers such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, China, Madagascar, Tanzania, Comoros, Kenya and Grenada during the period 2013-2022. Data is obtained from UN Comtrade, FAOSTAT, BPS. Competitiveness is measured using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Reveled Symmetric Comparative Avantage (RSCA). Indonesian Trade Specialization Index using ISP and Export Product Dynamic (EPD) is used to determine competitive position. The results show that Indonesia has a high RCA index but still lags behind Madagascar, Comoros, Tanzania in terms of exports in the world market. While in the Asian market, Indonesia occupies the second position after Sri Lanka. ISP ratings show that Indonesia is at 4 stages and EPD ratings indicate that Indonesia, Madagascar, Grenada, Comoros, and China are in Rising star position while others are in Lost Oppurtunity position. To increase competitiveness and suppress high imports, governments must have the courage to take policies that are appropriate to the conditions and problems that exist.
The Relevance of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Indicators to Anthropogenic Disasters
This study aims to analyze the effects of GDP per capita, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), primary energy consumption per capita, and electricity consumption per capita on carbon emissions in Indonesia, both in the short and long term, during the period from 1974 to 2022. The data for this study were obtained from the World Bank, Enerdata, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and Our World in Data. The Error Correction Model (ECM) was employed to address empirical questions regarding the long-term and short-term relationships among the research variables. The findings indicate that GDP per capita has a positive but not significant impact on carbon emissions in both the short and long term. Moreover, FDI shows a positive and significant relationship with carbon emissions in the long term but does not exhibit a significant relationship in the short term. These results also highlight the negative impact of FDI, proving the occurrence of the pollution haven hypothesis in Indonesia. On the other hand, both primary energy consumption per capita and electricity consumption per capita show a positive and significant correlation with carbon emissions in both the short and long term.
Economic Impact of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices: A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) Analysis
This research was driven by climate change, which impacted the Indonesian economy. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) was selected to mitigate climate change while also potentially benefiting the economy. This study is to explore the economic impacts of CSA practices on rice, coffee, maize and sugarcane. The SAM approach was selected due to its ability in providing comprehensive and in-depth analysis, emphassing the significance of employment, household, and social institutions in the economy. Additionally, it incorporates transactions and transfers between institutions that are relevant to income distribution (Morales, 2024). Nine scenarios with an implementation level of 18 and a successful rate of 80%, were chosen to demonstrate the potential for increasing sectoral income, labour income, household income, value added and employment. The findings indicate that CSA has the potential to present positive impact on the economy, thus the government is encouraged to implement CSA practices in various regions of Indonesia.
Preferences for Japanese Baby Powdered Milk in Vietnam: Choice Experiment and Structural Equation Modelling Approaches
The Vietnamese market has seen a growing influx of Japanese baby powdered milk. This study investigates key product attributesthat influence Vietnamese consumers’ purchase intentions and the impact of Japanese brand origin compared to domestic and other imported brands. Although consumer behavior studies exist, research on Japanese baby powdered milk in Vietnam is limited. Data from 109 social media responses were analyzed using a Choice Experiment and Structural Equation Modeling. Results reveal that Vietnamese parents show a strong preference for Japanese brands due to attributes such as nutrition labels and safety certificates, which significantly affect purchase decisions. Price sensitivity is also observed but is less critical comparedto safety and nutritional value. This study highlights the importance of leveraging brand origin in marketing strategies for Japanese companies targeting Vietnam. Future research should explore additional attributes, such as flavor and health benefits, and examine the roleof ethnocentrism in consumer preferences.
Analysis of The Potential Competitiveness of Indonesian Wood Charcoal Exports In The International Market 2000-2022
Based on UN Comtrade data from 2007-2022, Indonesia emerged as a leading exporter of wood charcoal in the international market, despite a downward trend in export growth. This study analyzes the market structure concentration, competitiveness, trade position, and trade integration between Indonesia and its trading partners using data from UN Comtrade and BPS. Analytical methods include Concentration Ratio (CR-4), Herfindahl Index, Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Index of Trade Specialization (ISP), and Intra-Industry Trade (IIT). Results indicate that wood charcoal operates in a monopolistic competition market with low concentration, strong competitiveness, and a trade position at the maturation stage. However, trade integration with partners remains weak, positioning Indonesia primarily as an exporter. Strengthening competitiveness through increased production can enhance export volume and value, optimizing Indonesia's role in the international wood charcoal market.
Multiplier Effect Analysis of Tourism Sector In The West Java Province
The tourism sector in West Java Province has significant potential, with increasing tourist visits. However, its economic impact remains suboptimal. This study examines forward and backward linkages, multiplier effects, and the impact of sectoral shocks using input-output analysis with secondary data from BPS. Results indicate that the tourism sector ranks third in forward linkage, led by the transportation and warehousing sub-sector, and fourth in backward linkage, also dominated by transportation and warehousing. In terms of multiplier effects, the tourism sector achieves the third-highest output effect for both type I and type II, though its income and workforce multiplier values remain below average, limiting contributions to income growth and job creation. Shock impact analysis reveals that investment in the tourism sector could enhance output, income, and employment, highlighting its potential as a driver of regional economic growth when appropriately supported.
Does Access to Digital Financial Services Increase Consumption in Indonesia?
The development of technology is increasing rapidly, the development of the internet in Indonesia has been sufficient to start financial development. Financial development using ICT can reduce problems in accessing financial services such as distance, collateral, time and high credit or interest costs. Previous studies have provided limited explanations for financial development in Indonesia. Using panel data from 2019 to 2022 collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Financial Services Authority covering 34 provinces, we examined the effect of access to digital financial services on consumption levels in Indonesia. From the results of the random effect model (REM) regression analysis, we found that access to digital financial services in Indonesia has not increased consumption. The number of account holdings, the number of loans disbursed, and the number of bank branch offices spread across all provinces in Indonesia are not enough to increase consumption. Only 21.75% of financial service access variables and control variables such as human capital levels, economic growth, urbanization and the Covid-19 year could explain consumption levels.