Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education
Harmonia starting in 2024 migrates from OJS 2 to OJS 3 to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/harmonia MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education [p-ISSN 2541-1683 | e-ISSN 2541-2426] is published by Departement of Drama, Dance, and Music, Faculty of Language and Arts, Universitas Negeri Semarang in cooperation with Asosiasi Profesi Pendidik Sendratasik Indonesia (AP2SENI)/The Association of Profession for Indonesian Sendratasik Educators. Harmonia published scientific papers on the results of art research and art education. Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines. The journal is published twice a year, in June & December. Abstracting & Indexing GARUDA | DOAJ | SINTA | SCOPUS | Scimagojr
Symbolism of the Ideology of Javanese Knights Based on the Iconography of the Visual Form of Punakawan in Javanese Wayang Purwa
Wayang purwa is a product of Javanese culture which constructs a world of symbols. The depiction of wayang figures does not represent human figures but the symbolisation of human characters and qualities. The research goal is to reveal hidden messages of the four punakawan wayang: Sêmar, Garèng, Pétruk, and Bagong, who are loyal followers of Arjuna in Javanese wayang purwa. Javanese puppets are indeed sourced from Mahabharata, but the four figures are additional figures from the creators. The research method is explorative qualitative and based on iconographical theory. The results of the study show that Sêmar symbolises ‘spirituality’, a Javanese knight must have a high level of spirituality; Garèng symbolises ‘personal awareness’, a knight must have awareness as an imperfect being; Pétruk symbolises a ‘visionary’, a knight must be able to look far into the future, and Bagong symbolise ‘holistic awareness’, a knight must also have empathy for his surroundings. Wayang should be understood as a world of symbols, but positioning the iconography of wayang from a representation of a human figure to the symbolisation of ‘character and aptitude’ is an ‘extreme interpretation’ within the boundaries of an interpretative study. This is a way of understanding Javanese culture in a cosmological context; what appears is not real because what is essential is invisible.
iconography; javanese; puppet; punakawan; wayang purwa
Iconographic Analysis on Intermediality Transfer of Undagi's Indigenous Knowledge Lexicon to Visual Cinematography
This study aims to investigate how the indigenous knowledge lexicon of Balinese undagi (traditional architects) in architecture can be transferred into visual cinematography to preserve cultural heritage, with a focus on engaging broader audiences. Employing an iconographic approach, the research analyzes the documentary Calaccitra Undagi Mahottama: Biografi I Gusti Made Gede (1843-1940) through three stages: pre-iconographic identification of visual motifs, iconographic interpretation of thematic meanings, and iconological assessment of cultural significance. Results reveal that Balinese architectural lexicons—such as Tri Mandala, Sanga Mandala, and CWSGR—are effectively abstracted into cinematic frames via intermediality, using symbolic natural imagery and spatial grids rather than physical structures to convey aesthetic and philosophical values. The study concludes that visual cinematography offers a potent medium for preserving architectural heritage by translating static spatial concepts into dynamic narratives, fostering continuity of traditional knowledge, particularly among younger generations, though its efficacy hinges on audience reception and contextual adaptation.
Bali traditional architecture lexicon; undagi’s Indigenous knowledge; intermediality transfer; cinematography; experimental documentary film
Methodological Aspects of Training Teachers of Artistic Disciplines in the Context of European Integration Processes
This research aimed to identify the specific methodological features of training teachers in artistic disciplines, focusing on the specialty 025 “Musical Art” within the context of European integration processes. This study aimed to analyse existing educational and professional programmes, evaluate the quality of specialist training, and examine the incorporation and effectiveness of innovative and interactive technologies in forming the professional competencies of future educators in culture and arts. A qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted using data from educational programmes at Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, the National Academy of Managers of Culture and Arts, and Lviv National Academy of Arts. The study included the examination of student surveys, institutional reports, and labour market statistics to assess educational practices, digital technology integration, and alignment with European standards. The impact of external factors such as martial law and the COVID-19 pandemic on the educational process was also considered. The results indicate that while foundational professional competencies and general skills are developed effectively, there is insufficient integration of innovative technologies, “soft” skills, and interdisciplinary approaches. The study revealed challenges in distance learning implementation, resource limitations, and the need for enhanced cooperation with international institutions. The use of virtual and augmented reality and dual education methods remains underutilized. The findings provide a basis for updating educational programmes and methodological support to improve training quality and competitiveness of art discipline educators in the European educational space.
artistic disciplines; training teachers; professional competencies; international credit mobility; innovative technologies
Copyright (c) 2025 Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education
A Theoretical Framework for Evaluation of Musical Topics: The Case of Chopin
Peircean’ semiotics provides a cognitive framework for investigating the general process of thinking, expressed as a semiosis with multiple vectors. With their diverse expressions and connotations, musical topics inherently embody semiotic principles in musicological discourse, though debates persist regarding their semiotic references. This study presents a complementary model founded on Peirce’s tripartite semiotic framework in an attempt to account for the representation of musical topics and facilitate an approach to topical evaluation. Among other things, Peirce’s concept of correlates motivates the contemplation of topics with similar expressive qualities. In the process of unpacking, the paper considers the complex challenges and potential solutions to evaluating musical topics posed by their multiple referential layers. The analytical framework synthesizes Ratner’s rhetorical reduction approach to analyzing Romantic music with Grimalt’s topic categorization system. This approach is then applied to evaluate the nocturne topic in the secondary theme of the first movement of Chopin’s Piano Sonata No. 3 in B minor, with Chopin’s Barcarolle serving as a correlate to examine the effect of the nocturne topic. The semiotic-based topical evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach while raising critical awareness in topic theory discourse.
musical semiotics; musical topic; musical signification; Chopin; Peirce
The Influence of the Suzuki Method on Violin Teachers’ Emotion Wellness in Malaysia
Despite growing enthusiasm for music examinations, the music education landscape in Malaysia has led to dissatisfaction among music teachers due to limited developmental growth in violin pedagogy. Based on the available literature, a research gap is observed in violin pedagogy and the emotional wellness of music teachers in Malaysia. This qualitative, exploratory, ethnographic research investigates the influence of the Suzuki Violin Method, recognized for its holistic benefits globally, on the emotional well-being of violin teachers in urban areas of Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews with six Suzuki-trained violin teachers are analyzed thematically to examine the effects of the Suzuki method on teachers’ self-identity, focusing on self-efficacy, commitment, agency, and musician-teacher comprehension. Using symbolic interactionism and Wagoner’s framework of music teacher identity, the findings reveal that the Suzuki method fosters a positive teaching identity, contributing to meaningful interactions and positive experiences that result in the teachers’ positive emotional wellness. The study highlights the potential of Suzuki philosophy to enhance both teaching practices and teacher well-being, encouraging the need for wider adoption and promoting awareness of self-reflection and emotional well-being among the teachers involved. Furthermore, this study provides insight into the challenges unique to this demographic, contributing to the development and regeneration of Malaysia’s music education.
Suzuki Method; violin teachers; emotional wellness; self-identity
Wearing Your Heart on Your Sleeve:K-pop Merchandise in Validating Identity
K-pop merchandise plays a vital role in shaping fan identity, functioning beyond its commercial value. This study explores how merchandise enables identity construction and social belonging within the global K-pop fandom. This research employs qualitative discourse analysis of X (formerly Twitter) tweets and a survey of pertinent literature on fandom and material culture to delineate four principal functions of merchandise: as emblems of loyalty, instruments for active participation, rites of passage, and enablers of community connectedness. The results indicate that items like lightsticks and photocards serve as emotional and symbolic anchors, signifying personal achievements and facilitating social relationships. These objects enable fans to transition from passive consumers to active cultural participants, thereby strengthening identification through ritualized actions and shared beliefs. This study suggests that K-pop items function as hybrid objects—economically valued, emotionally significant, and culturally relevant. It provides insights into the intersection of material culture and identity formation in modern fandoms, especially within the performing arts sectors that generate and uphold idol culture.
K-pop; merchandise; identity; material culture; fandom
Embodied Cognition in ‘1st appeal’: Integrating Spoken Word, Sound, And Movement as Choreographic Tools
This research investigates the intersections of embodied cognition, language, and culture in dance, drawing on theoretical frameworks from anthropology and performance studies. Through an Auto Ethnomethodological approach, using the case study of “1st APPEAL” self-creation, this study examines how dancers employ spoken word, sound, and movement to interpret and negotiate choreographic intentions. By applying embodied cognition as a lens, this research reveals the complex relationships between language, culture, and embodiment in dance. This research lies in its innovative application of embodied cognition to dance practices, highlighting the crucial role of embodied experiences in shaping dancers’ understanding and execution of choreographic intentions. This research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationships between language, culture, and embodiment in dance, providing valuable insights for dance practitioners, choreographers, and educators. The findings also underscore the importance of considering embodied and cultural contexts in dance practices, ultimately enriching our understanding of choreographic tools and creative processes.
cognition; contemporary dance; choreographic; ethnomethodology
Embodied Interpretation: Interpreting Gesture and Expression in Impromptu Op.29 No.1 in A-flat Major by Frédéric Chopin
This article aims to extend Hatten’s theory beyond the early nineteenth century by examining the different musical gestures in Impromptu Op.29 No.1 in A-flat Major by Frédéric Chopin. There is a need to bridge Hatten’s theoretical framework with its practical application in the Romantic piano repertoire. The current article adopts Hatten’s theory as a framework to provide detailed analyses of how stylistic (culturally embedded) and strategic (context-dependent) gestures operate within this impromptu. This study was conducted using a gestural analysis and performance-based research. It provides a guideline for pianists to develop their own interpretation. The findings suggest that Chopin’s Impromptu No.1 conveys a spontaneous, dialogical, thematic, rhetorical gesture that evokes a sense of improvisation. Findings also reveal that developing practical tools based on Hatten’s theory on musical gestures will help pianists articulate emotional expression, manage rubato, and enhance dynamic control, ultimately leading to more informed and expressive interpretations. This article offers performers the chance to gain insight into the piano practice, which further expands the scope of Hatten’s theoretical application to include the Romantic repertoire, thereby offering valuable contributions to gesture studies and performance analysis.
musical gestures; Hatten’s theory; Chopin’s Impromptu Op.29 No.1 in A-flat Major
Tarawangsa Traditional Music: An Ethnomusicological Study in Sukaluyu Village, Girimukti Village, Sumedang
Tarawangsa traditional music in Sukaluyu Village, Sumedang Regency, has undergone a significant transformation due to the community’s social, cultural, and religious dynamics. Once a sacred function in the Bubur Sura ritual that contains elements of belief in Dewi Sri and ancestors, this art has now shifted to become a medium for entertainment, therapy, and public performances. This study aims to examine the changing function of Tarawangsa in the context of contemporary Sukaluyu society. The method used is qualitative-descriptive, with data collection techniques through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with artists and local communities. The results showed that shifts in community values, the influence of globalization, and changes in religious orientation have led to the cessation of the main ritual practice since 2018. Nevertheless, Tarawangsa has survived through thanksgiving performances, healing ceremonies, and cultural activities in local media and art festivals. These findings confirm that Tarawangsa is a dynamic and adaptive cultural heritage, with strong preservation potential when managed in a contextual and participatory manner.
Tarawangsa; function change; traditional music; local culture; globalization
A Pilot Study on Motivations of Amateurs in the Community Saxophone Ensemble in Singapore
Through the realization of The Singapore Band Project, Singapore has developed a thriving wind music initiative in school music education and ensemble playing training. Nevertheless, the problem of engaging participants in music-making beyond their school remains a critical issue, as in most cases, only about 10% of each cohort continues to be engaged in the activity. This pilot study employed a quantitative methodology to investigate the musicians of two single-instrument ensembles in Singapore: The Protégé Saxophone Ensemble and the Music Elements Saxophone Ensemble. The demographic data and ongoing engagement motivational factors are as follows. The study evaluates the Motivators of Continued Participation as outlined by Krause in her 2020 study and the hierarchy of these Motivators through sentiment scoring. The findings reveal that intrinsic motives are the most significant for long-term engagement and continued participation in music making during emerging adulthood. The results aim to provide recommendations for developing sustainable recruitment and retention strategies to support music ensembles and continue growing the vibrant music community in Singapore. Therefore, this study helps to close the gap between academic music education and adult music participation, emphasizing the necessity of an individualized program approach.
Singapore Wind Band; Saxophone Ensemble; Community Saxophone Ensemble; Continued Music Making
Development of a Conghua Cat Head Lion Dance Animation as a Catalyst for Intangible Cultural Heritage Preservation
Conghua Cat Head Lion Dance (CHLD) is a traditional dance art that faces challenges in inheritance and education. Animation is engaging and emotionally resonant, naturally appealing to the younger generation, making it a tool that scholars recommend for the preservation of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). This study employs animation as a catalyst to promote and preserve the art of CHLD among the younger Chinese generation by raising their awareness of it. This study was divided into three stages. In the first stage, a field investigation was conducted at the ancestral hall in Guangdong Province, China. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were held with four purposively selected inheritors to collect qualitative data. The application of thematic analysis revealed four distinctive elements that could be incorporated into the animation: (1) characters, (2) patterns and costumes, (3) props, and (4) performance techniques. In the second stage, an animation was created by incorporating CHLD elements, following The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer & Moreno, 1999) and The Animation and Design Principles for Instructional Animation (Betrancourt, 2005). In the third stage, a self-administered survey questionnaire was used to examine whether the CHLD animation had the potential to increase the awareness of CHLD culture preservation among a randomly selected group of 181 students from Guangzhou City Construction College and Guangdong Polytechnic. More than 75% of the respondents expressed positive views of the created CHLD animation. The study’s findings and the created animation reaffirmed the effectiveness of using digital media to preserve and promote CHLD culture, especially among China’s younger generation. This also offers a valuable reference for similar studies contributing to the sustainable development of ICH in the Chinese context.
Conghua Cat Head Lion Dance; inheritance and preservation; principles of animation; The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
Creative Products Based on Local Wisdom Derived from Mural Paintings of Suphan Buri Province, Thailand
Mural painting is a branch of fine art that reflects the excellent culture of Thailand and the development of creative products based on local resources to add value to the community. Promoting community-based tourism is implementing knowledge and findings from the study of mural paintings to be developed into creative products to create value-added local wisdom knowledge. The objectives of this research were to 1) design creative products based on local wisdom derived from mural paintings and 2) organise training and a workshop to pass on the knowledge of creating creative products based on the wisdom of the mural paintings of Suphan Buri Province, Thailand. The sample group consisted of 1) 75 people members of the community who set up murals in Suphan Buri Province, 2) five experts for evaluated product prototypes, 3) 400 tourists to satisfaction products, and 4) 22 participants for knowledge transfer. The research tools consisted of 1) The wisdom-based creative product prototype assessment form, 2. The wisdom-based creative product satisfaction questionnaire, and 3) The knowledge transfer project satisfaction assessment form. The data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The research results were as follows: 1. The creative products of paper stencils framed from Wat Pratoosan and Wat No Bhuddhangkun had an overall satisfaction at a high level. The overall satisfaction was high for creative products using the 12 zodiac signs from Wat Chi Pa Khao to design and print on T-shirts. 2. The overall satisfaction in the knowledge transfer activities was at the highest level.
mural painting; local wisdom; creative products; community economy
Sacred Dimensions of Barong Ngelawang Sungsungan: Mythology, Process, and Performance
This research aims to explore the sacred dimensions of the Barong Ngelawang Sungsungan based on the interconnectedness of mythology, the process of sacralization, and its sacredness in performance. During religious ceremonies, the Barong symbolizes pride, magical power, grandeur, and divinity. The ethnographic methodology is employed to gain insights into cultural aspects observed, heard, and concluded, thereby understanding cultural knowledge from the perspective of the local community. Research findings indicate that from a mythological perspective, the Barong Ngelawang Sungsungan serves functionally as a sacred symbol, reinforcing the laws of cause and effect that must be obeyed and revered and a tool for creating a harmonious life. In its holy purpose, ngelawang can be manifested as a practice to strengthen fraternal bonds, interpreted as a signal of awareness, and a means of detoxification from the natural environment to eliminate negatively oriented forces..
Barong Ngelawang Sungsungan; mythology; sacred; performance; symbol
Didactic Values in the Gending Text of the Baris Dadap Dance in Adat Batur Village, Bali
The Baris Dadap dance is a sacred dance performed by four to six male dancers, typically staged during the Dewa Yadnya ceremony (a sincere and wholehearted offering to the Almighty God). The Baris Dadap dance has distinctive characteristics that set it apart from other types of Baris dances, particularly in its performance structure, which combines movements and gending (traditional Balinese song), referred to in Balinese as wirama. This study aims to (1) describe the performance form of the Baris Dadap dance and (2) analyze the didactic implications of the gending text in the Baris Dadap dance on the formation of knowledge within the Batur traditional village community in Bali. This research employs a qualitative method with data sources including the Baris Dadap dance performance, dancers, musicians, community elders, cultural figures, and journals related to previous research findings. Structural functional theory and Balinese dance theory are used to analyze all data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that (1) the performance form of the Baris Dadap dance is built on three main frameworks—dance movements, gending texts sung by the dancers, and accompanying music—with the structure of the performance divided into three parts: the first part called pepeson, the second part called pengadeng, and the third part called pekaad; (2) the didactic values in the gending text of the Baris Dadap dance have implications for the formation of a knowledge system in the aspects of tattwa (philosophy), susila (morality), and upacara (rituals). The new findings of this study reveal that the values embedded in traditional dances and their meanings can serve as a conscious means of imparting human knowledge to achieve physical and spiritual harmony.
Baris Dadap dance; performance form; didactic value
Representation and Ideology of Feminism in the Remake of the First Indonesian Heroine Character "Sri Asih"
The figure of Sri Asih became a pioneer in the symbolism of women's strength free from the influence of marital status, which was a reaction to the strong patriarchal culture in Indonesia. The figure of Sri Asih was then remade by Studio Bumi Langit and shown in Indonesian cinemas in 2022. The figure of Sri Asih was chosen because she is the first superhero figure from Indonesia. The aspects studied are the elements that form an identity, such as the representation of beauty, characteristics, and the role of women that appear in the figure of Sri Asih. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method and John Fiske's code theory. The urgency of this study is to reveal how the figure of Sri Asih is able to reconstruct the values ​​of women's identity in Indonesian society in the millennial era. The purpose is to explain what codes of reality, representation, and ideology exist in the figure of Sri Asih, and the research study results are the ideas for applying John Fiske's code theory to the figure of Sri Asih. In conclusion, the ideology of feminism in the character of Sri Asih is represented in the form of women's empowerment, gender equality, rejection of violence against women and the collapse of gender stereotypes.
feminism; Jhon Fiske; gender studies; representation; Sri Asih
Listening to Sad Music: a Narrative Review
As noted in the tragedy paradox, the enjoyment of negative emotions evoked in artworks is a phenomenon acknowledged from ancient times to the present. Sad music listening induces a diverse range of emotional responses in the listener: some would experience pleasure, while others find it unpleasant; hence, this review aims to categorise sad music listening from the philosophical, psychological, sociological, and scientific perspectives. This review includes studies of journal articles, review articles, books, and book chapters from 2010-2022. The philosophical perspective reviewed the paradox of the attraction towards sad music. The psychological perspective reviewed the empirical studies that examined various factors contributing to enjoying sad music. The sociological perspective reviewed how sad music can be used to create a social connection. The scientific perspective reviewed the biological effects of sad music listening. Many of the studies found are related to the psychological perspective, in which sad music can induce diverse emotions, and there are several factors that contribute to the enjoyment of sad music. As more scientific research has been emerging in recent years, future research can explore the brain correlates and hormonal stimulation in various individual differences to consolidate why some people enjoy sad music while others do not.
music listening; sad music; narrative review; emotion
A Systematic Review of Blended Learning Strategies and Outcomes in Music Education
Educational technology has altered conceptions of effective learning. The combination of virtual and physical instruction is constantly developing and growing, making blended learning a growing trend. While blended learning has been extensively reviewed in various fields, there is a lack of research on its application in music education. This study aims to understand the current development of blended learning in the field of music education; this paper will collect literature on blended learning from the past ten years. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we have systematically analysed the blended learning strategies and outcomes in music education. This study examined Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC for pertinent strings. Thirteen publications passed the strict screening procedure and were included in the analysis of blended learning in music education. This study found that the flipped classroom blended learning model has emerged as the prevailing method in music education, enhancing learners’ musical perception, performance, and overall experience. The findings reveal a need for more research on blended learning in music education.
blended learning; music education; PRISMA; systematic review
Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy through Banyuwangi Artsin Elementary Education
This study presents the design and development of a culturally sustaining pedagogical model in elementary education by integrating Banyuwangi’s traditional arts into a thematic learning framework. Using a Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology, this study systematically develops, tests, and refines an instructional model incorporating traditional arts such as the Gandrung and Barong dances and culturally resonant learning media like puzzles, multimedia, and puppets. This approach emphasizes character development alongside academic learning, fostering values such as empathy, respect, and cultural identity. The model incorporates culturally resonant media—including puzzles, multimedia, and puppets—featuring iconic local characters, Tole and Jebeng, to engage students and connect lessons to their cultural heritage. Observational data from classroom applications reveal enhanced student motivation, social identity, and moral reasoning. Teachers and educational experts rated the model highly for its feasibility, relevance, and impact on character and cognitive development. Despite challenges such as the need for specialized teacher training and scalability across diverse cultural contexts, the findings underscore the transformative potential of integrating local arts into educational curricula. This research contributes to the discourse on culturally responsive education by providing a replicable framework that aligns academic rigor with the preservation of cultural heritage, equipping students with essential values for navigating a globalized world. Future work is recommended to evaluate long-term impacts and adaptations for broader cultural settings.
The Role of Informal Learning in College Jazz Education in Ecuador: Contextualizing Students’ Musical Capital
College music education was introduced in Ecuador without first establishing a formal training system for students to reach that educational level. Consequently, many students enter university without having undergone formal music studies, relying instead on informal learning. This study explores the role of informal learning within the context of a university degree in musical performance in Ecuador. To this end, an educational innovation project was implemented at Universidad de las Americas (Quito, Ecuador). Two questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data about the link between the project’s methodology and the students’ prior training. The results indicate that implementing a methodology aligned with students’ previous experiences increases motivation levels for studying music. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a need to reevaluate certain practices associated with informal learning within the framework of higher music education, particularly in countries where the educational structure is not fully developed.
higher music education; informal learning; music learning; motivation; jazz
Copyright (c) 2024 Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research and Education
A Systematic Review on the Emotional Dimensions of Music Education
In the constantly changing challenges of education, the role of emotional competence is becoming increasingly important. This paper explores the literature on the connections between music and emotional education at different levels of education and in teacher training, and in light of the results, it presents the possibilities of music education in the development of different dimensions. This study uses a systematic literature review procedure prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The acquisition, effective recognition, and management of emotions are necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes that help individuals develop and maintain functioning social relationships and make responsible decisions. The role of music in education has come to the fore several times in the past centuries. Music education can convey emotions and contribute to socio-emotional education and mental well-being.
music education; emotional education; teacher training; mental health
Embodying Space through Improvisation in Site-Specific Dance Performance
Site-specific dance choreography develops as a direct reaction to a specific location’s unique physical, architectural, and cultural characteristics. Improvisation is significant in this context for enhancing the dancer’s bodily awareness of space. Previous studies have recognized the relationship between dancer and site; however, the role of improvisation in expressing the unique spatial characteristics of a performance site has not been adequately explored. This study investigates the role of improvisational techniques in enabling dancers to adapt, respond, and establish stronger connections with site-specific elements, including structural, environmental, historical, and emotional aspects. This research utilizes a qualitative methodology, incorporating descriptive analysis and in-depth interviews with five experienced, site-specific dance practitioners in Malaysia. The findings identify four key stages in which improvisation enhances spatial embodiment, clarifying the relationship between choreographers and performers with space as a dynamic and interactive element of their practice. This work contributes to the ongoing discussion on site-specific choreography by illustrating the evolving role of improvisation in enhancing the relationships between performers and their environments.
embodying; space; improvisation; site-specific dance; environment
Metaverse as a Higher Education Tool: Notes From Musical Curricula at Early Childhood Education and Primary School Education Bachelor´s Degrees
The use of the metaverse as an educational tool provides an immersive learning experience that gives students the chance to enter a virtual space that is perceived as a real-life environment. This study aims to examine how the metaverse can be a learning resource for engaging in music learning. Previous studies have set the metaverse as a potential means for higher education. Due to this, a concert hall with a symphonic orchestra in a performative set has been developed at a private university for the musical curricula included within the Early Childhood and Primary School Education Bachelor´s Degrees. Twenty recorded audio pieces in which the main instruments from the orchestra can be identified are also included. This investigation followed experimental, descriptive models, and 170 participants were involved. Results are similar to the evidence provided in the revised literature confirming the metaverse's value as an educational tool. It has been proven that being able to interact with the objects within the metaverse helps getting familiar with their characteristics. The surveyed students have confirmed that the metaverse is a useful learning resource as well as a suitable option for their future professional environment.
metaverse; virtual reality; higher education; musical education; educational resources
East Wind Breaks: Identification of Zhongguofeng Music as a Form of “Chinese Crossover” and “Hybrid Thinking” in Contemporary Mandopop
Since 2000, the phenomenal rise of Jay Chou, an iconic pop artist from Taiwan, has evoked discussions on Mandopop scene. This study aims to conduct a micro-analysis of selected music samples from Chou between 2000 and 2010 in order to identify Zhongguofeng music, which employs Phillip Tagg’s music analysis theory. The findings find out that Chou’s musical works demonstrate substantial Chinese elements in terms of lyrics, melody, and music cultural references. In addition, they reflect diversified musical styles, infusing Chinese-style hybridity into popular music. As a result, these musical works have formed a unique Zhongguofeng music standard that could play a defining role in contemporary Mandopop. It is anticipated that a discourse with a specific analytical setting could be established in this study. It can offer an insight into how the framework of hybridity in contemporary Mandopop is used to overcome the borders of genres, geopolitics, narratives, and negotiation of cultural identity between the “local” and the “global.”
Mythopoetics of Piano Nocturnes by Olena Ilnytska
A myth is one of the forms of worldview, a system of thinking, and a methodological basis for the interpretation of cultural phenomena. The mythological component is one of the elements of modern music culture. The article focuses on Olena Ilnytska’s piano nocturnes in the context of mythopoetic comprehension of musical texts. The article aims to analyze the characteristic features of Ilnytska’s piano nocturnes and identify the specifics of mythopoetic thinking of the composer. Piano nocturnes by Ilnytska are resented for the first time in the contemporary musicological discourse. The interdisciplinary approach embracing music, semiotics, and linguistics is used in the process of the study to analyze musical pieces comprehensively. The analysis of the piano Nocturnes by Ilnytska’s shows that the Nocturnes contain mythological thinking through the correspondence between cultural and sonority concept of different epochs (romanticism – metamodern). Thus, myth-making occurs when operating the set of binary oppositions, widening the technical capacities of the grand piano. The technical formulas combine traditional and unconventional ways of sound production. This research shows that the mythopoetic conception has entered into the contemporary cultural paradigm.
mythopoetic intentions; mythopoetics; mythological thinking; mythologizing; musical chronotope, Olena Ilnytska
Innovative Illustration Design for the Cultural Content and Emotional Elements of Sichuan Opera Arts for China’s Gen Z
With society rapidly evolving alongside digital technology and pan-entertainment, there is a notable decline in appreciation and understanding of Sichuan Opera among China’s Generation Z (Gen Z). This study aims to develop and evaluate the potential of innovative illustration as a tool to promote the cultural content and emotional elements of Sichuan Opera arts among China’s Gen Z. This qualitative participatory action-based research was guided by an iterative cycle of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. This study comprised three stages. In the pre-design stage, nine (9) experts were selected through purposive and snowball sampling to explore their views on the cultural content and emotional elements of Sichuan Opera arts. Thematic analysis with NVivo 12 yielded six (6) cultural content, i.e., a form of expression, performance occasions, performance techniques and dance movements, performance repertoire, character roles, costumes and make-up. The emotional elements encompassed the emotions expressed within Sichuan Opera itself (such as the characters’ roles and personalities and traditional morals and philosophies), as well as people’s emotions towards Sichuan Opera (including their yearning for its sentiment and their awareness of the need to protect traditional culture). These content and elements were visually expressed through three (3) innovative illustrations in the design stage. In the post-design stage, a sample of 25 China’s Gen Z from Chengdu was conveniently selected to evaluate the effectiveness of the illustrations. The use of innovative illustrations as a medium to promote the dissemination of the art of Sichuan Opera among China’s Gen Z has successfully merged traditional culture with modern aesthetics.
Sichuan Opera; cultural content; emotional elements; innovative illustration; semiotics
Aesthetic Transformation of Javanese Wayang Performances in the Digital Era
This study examines how technological advancements have transformed the aesthetics of wayang performances in Java. Data collection methods include observations of wayang performances, interviews, literature reviews, and internet searches to capture the aesthetic transformation of wayang performances in the digital age. Given the existing literature’s tendency to discuss wayang performances within a limited scope, this research provides a more comprehensive contribution by positioning wayang performances as an integrated entity encompassing dalang creativity and audience response. Through the analysis of diverse wayang performances, the study demonstrates that aesthetic transformation is evidenced by the dalang’s hybrid presentation techniques, the emergence of novel story repertoires, and increased audience engagement. Significant findings from this study include the growth of dalang’s creative and adaptive capabilities, enhanced interpretative approaches in composing wayang stories, and the audience’s influence in shaping mass aesthetic trends. This study provides important contributions to the pedalangan (puppetry) and the relations of wayang, dalang, audience, and technology. Furthermore, this study contributes to the academic discourse on cultural adaptation in the digital age and provides pragmatic resources for the artistic development of Javanese puppetry.
aesthetic transformation; wayang performance; dalang; digital era
A Taoist Interpretation: Qiemo (Stage Props) Produced Peking Opera Space
This research aims to explore the Taoist philosophical roots of the concept of “the unity of heaven and man” in the stage space of Peking opera, as created by Qiemo (stage props). It employs a case study approach, applies Lefebvre’s triadic spatial theory, and includes fieldwork at the Baoding Chinese Ancient Theater Museum. The findings reveal that the space formed by Qiemo reflects the dialectical relationship between heaven and humans. Specifically, the meaning of Qiemo is not fixed but is defined by the actor, symbolizing the human activation of the universe’s inherent meaning. Inspired by the natural order in Qiemo, actors strive for personal fulfillment, ultimately seeking to achieve “the unity of heaven and human“statue.
“Peking opera Qiemo,” Taoist, ”Unity of Heaven and Humanity,” Triadic space
Character Education Model in Wayang Kulit for Early Childhood
This study explains the character education model in wayang kulit art for early childhood (5 to 6 years old) as one support to form their future personality. This study is based on an action research approach to improve character quality to be better than before. The subjects are male or female students following and understanding character education through wayang kulit. The action method transforms adult puppet into children, concludes figures with positive character, and is responsible for early childhood to be actively involved in education and wayang kulit. The results show that positive character education, such as diligence, sincerity, firmness, helpful, determination, wiseness, humility, fairness, and friendliness, is found in human and animal children characters named Punta, Sena, Juna, Pinten, Tangsen, Bledug, and Belo which follows the child's developmental level rapidly advancing towards the future, and it can be used in the early childhood and kindergarten education environment nationally and internationally. Thus, much support is needed from children's educational institutions and wayang kulit arts, i.e., Kemdikbudristek (Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia), Kemen KPP-PA (Ministry of Women Empowerment and Children Protection of Indonesia), SENAWANGI (National Secretariat of wayang kulit of Indonesia), PEPADI (Association of Indonesian Wayang Kulit), UNIMA, UNICEF, and UNESCO, to achieve a culture-based character education program.
character education model; wayang kulit; early childhood
The Perception of Multiculturalism in Malaysian Visual Art University Students’ Paintings
Malaysia’s diverse population has influenced people’s lives in many areas, from fashion and cuisine to art and interpersonal relationships. The country’s diverse atmosphere has shaped the perspectives of young artists from different ethnic backgrounds, affecting their artistic expression and their ability to incorporate multicultural themes in their works. This study aims to find out how multiculturalism is perceived by young Malaysian artists from the country’s major ethnic groups - Malays, Chinese and Indians - and the feelings they express in their artworks. This study adds to the body of knowledge on multiculturalism from the perspective of young Malaysian artists by examining their visual perceptions. The study examines the works of these artists through a formal and contextual analysis. While the contextual analysis explores themes such as people, architecture and cuisine, the formal analysis focuses on visual components such as line, colour, texture and composition. The integration of these approaches helps to identify the preferences of the participants (the artists who created these paintings) and the cultural elements that appear in their works. The results of this study have shown that young Malaysian artists have frequently used symbolic colours to represent the different ethnic groups in Malaysia, along with repetitive motifs that show the connection and unity between different cultural elements. These findings show a new generation’s perspective on multiculturalism and provide an insight into the way young Malaysian artists perceive and communicate the complexity of diversity and how it manifests itself in the visual arts. These artworks show the harmony between diversity and unity and the influence of Malaysia’s multicultural society on the artistic output of the country’s youth.
multiculturalism; intercultural art; ethnicity; visual analysis; visual art
About the Spiritual Element in Lengger Banyumas
This research aims to trace the relevancy of the spiritual element in the rural dance art form lengger Banyumas. The art originated in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia, as a dance in agricultural ceremonies to worship the Goddess of Fertility, Dewi Sri, but it developed and assimilated new functions, such as entertainment, in terms of performance. Despite that, the spiritual connection of the dance with the Divine remained, and it can be seen in the relationship between the dancer, God, and nature which remained unchanged over time. This is shown through a thick description of the process of becoming a lengger dancer, the existence of holy places, as well as the use of offerings in lengger performances. The research method of this study is a critical historical, based on one and half years of research in Banyumas. The techniques used are participant observation, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, as well as visual data (photos and videos). In terms of interviews, the research involved about 13 informants, all of which related to lengger in some way. Results show that spirituality is still very much relevant in the world of lengger and is an inseparable part of the performance and the life of dancers despite being subject to changes. The presence of the spiritual element in lengger nowadays speaks about how important the connection between the Divine is in Java, Indonesia.