Facile Extraction of Spirulina for Ultra-Protection Sunscreen Activity

Abstract

Spirulina is a cyanobacterium rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolics, and phycocyanins, which contribute to its antioxidant and photoprotective properties. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactive composition, antioxidant capacity, and sun protection factor (SPF) of ethanolic spirulina extracts. Extraction was performed using maceration with 70% ethanol, followed by filtration and evaporation. The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, while SPF values were assessed through spectrophotometric analysis at 290–320 nm. The extraction yield was 35.345±0.050%, with a residual solvent content of 0.586±0.059%, indicating efficient extraction. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and steroids. The IC₅₀ value of 784.914±0.299 ppm classified the extract as having weak antioxidant activity. SPF analysis showed that at 5000 ppm, the extract achieved an SPF value of 20.378±0.084, placing it in the ultra-protection category. These findings suggest that spirulina extract has potential applications in cosmetic formulations as a natural UV-protective agent. Further research is needed to assess its stability in formulations and its effectiveness in in vivo applications.