Compound Content and Bioactivity of Eucalyptus sp. Species

Abstract

The genus Eucalyptus is widely recognized as a valuable natural resource, both economically and therapeutically, due to its broad distribution and chemical diversity. With increasing global concerns over antimicrobial resistance and the demand for natural alternatives, Eucalyptus essential oils (EOs) and extracts have gained significant scientific interest. This review explores the chemical composition and bioactivity of various Eucalyptus species based on data obtained through GC-MS, HPLC, and other analytical methods. The compounds found, predominantly terpenoids such as 1,8-cineole and α-pinene, vary greatly depending on species, environment, and extraction methods. Bioactivity studies indicate strong antimicrobial effects especially against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi), antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions, as well as antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and insecticidal properties. These characteristics suggest that Eucalyptus has promising applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agricultural industries. However, further in vivo and clinical research is needed to support its safe and effective use.