Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil with Physicochemical Characterization

Abstract

Indonesia's biodiversity is extremely diverse, one example being its aromatic plants, which make it one of the world's largest producers of essential oils. Cinnamon is one such plant, almost all parts of which can be used, including the bark. Its main components consist of 60-85% cinnamaldehyde and 5-10% eugenol. The Ultrasound Assisted Extraction method is used in this extraction. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using the UAE extraction method on variations in temperature, time, and the ratio of raw materials to solvents, also to review the mass transfer phenomenon. The extraction process was carried out at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C; 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes; and ratio of 1:6, 1:8, and 1:10. The essential oil several tests, such as yield, refractive index, optical rotation, acid number, antioxidant IC₅₀, SEM, FT-IR, and GC-MS. The results showed that there was an effect of temperature, time, and the ratio of material to solvent used. The use 40°C and 30 minutes produced the highest oil yield of 2.28% and cinnamaldehyde 87.94%.