Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
type: channel
description: Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ijcs MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science [P-ISSN 2252-6951 | E-ISSN 2502-6844] publishes basic research articles and conceptual of Chemistry, issued three (3) times a year, overall 10 articles per issued. To commemorate important events and agenda, may be issued a special edition that will include 10 articles in each issue.
publisher: Prodi Kimia
language: en
publication name: Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
issn: 2252-6951
items: Difference Effect of Addition of Acetic Acid and Citric Acid on the Biodegradation Characteristics of Starch-Based Bioplastics
items: Optimization of the Performance of a Microplate Type UV-Vis Spectrophotometer as a Protein Content Testing Instrument Based on Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC)
items: Characterization of Tobacco Stem Biochar for Controlled Release Fertilizer at Varying Pyrolysis Conditions
items: Molecular Docking Senyawa Fiscalin b, Isoleutherin, Eleutherol, Kaempferol, dan Luteolin pada Tumbuhan Physalis angulata Linn. sebagai Anti Kanker Lidah pada Protein MMP-9
items: Structure-Based Identification of Sanketan Heliotropium indicum as a RANK-RANKL Inhibitor: A Bioinformatics Approach for Osteoporosis Therapy
items: Characterization of CMC and Its Effect on Physical Stability and Shelf Life of Psidium guajava
items: Efektivitas Bioinsektisida Ekstrak Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) dalam Mengendalikan Populasi Semut dan Jangkrik di Lingkungan
items: Studi In Silico Aktivitas Antidiabetes Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) terhadap Reseptor DPP4
items: ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MANGO LEAVES
items: Effect of the Chemical Treatment on the Oxalate Content during the Preparation of Starch Flour from Beneng Taro (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch)
items: Optimization of Barium Sulfate Crystal Control with Additives and Stirring using Response Surface Methodology
items: Validation of the Analytical Method for Cadmium (Cd) in Rice (Oryza Sativa) using the SNI 6989-84:2019
items: Extraction of Morinda Citrifolia Leaves Essential Oils as EGFR Inhibitor in Non-Small Cells Lung Cancer: In Silico Approach
items: Processing of Tofu industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation method using aluminum (Al) electrode at various electrical current and contact time
items: In Silico Study of Antioxidant Compounds in Ipomoea aquatica Forsk as Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Enzyme Inhibitor in Alzheimer’s Disease
items: Potential of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from Meniran Plants (Phyllanthus niruri L. ) as Antibacterials that Cause Diarrhea
items: In Silico Analysis of Nettle Leaf (Urtica dioica L.) Secondary Metabolite Compounds as Anti-Premature Skin Aging Agents
items: Optimization of the AAS Method with Variations in Air Speed, Wavelength, and Light Current
items: In Silico Study of Bioactive Compounds from Cinchona Bark as Potential Antimalarial Against Human Glucokinase Receptor
items: Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoherbal Ethanol Extract of Sambung Nyawa Leaves (Gynura procumbens Lour [Merr])
items: Green Synthesis Nanoparticle ZnO Using Averrhoa Bilimbi Leaf Extract And Photocatalitic Activity For Degradation Methylene Blue
items: Aerobic Degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Activated Sludge with the Addition of Glucose, KNO3, and KH2PO4
items: Synthesis Of Cellulose Acetate Based on Coconut Coir (Cocos nucifera L.) and I'ts Application on Bioplastic Fabrication
items: Antioxidant Candidates in Deep Eutectic Solvent Extract of Choline Chloride-Oxalic Acid from Sago Bark (Metroxylon sagu L. Rottb)
items: Validation of Methods and Determination of Curcumin Levels in Carrying Herbal Medicine of Turmeric Tamarind Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
items: Bibliometric Analysis of Chemistry Publication Trends on Scopus in The Era of Big Data
items: Utilization of Plantain Skin Pectin (Musa paradisiaca L.) as an Edible Coating to Extend the Shelf Life of Red Grapes
items: Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Clove and Moringa Tea and their Antioxidant Activities using the DPPH Method
items: Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Green Banana Peel
items: In Silico Test of Active Compounds of Pomegranate Fruit (Punica granatum) Against Estrogen Receptor-α for Osteoporosis

Difference Effect of Addition of Acetic Acid and Citric Acid on the Biodegradation Characteristics of Starch-Based Bioplastics
type: item
description: Bioplastik merupakan salah satu alternatif potensial untuk menggantikan plastik konvensional, karena sifatnya yang mudah terdegradasi sehingga lebih ramah lingkungan. Bioplastik dapat disintesis dari pati dan gliserol dengan penambahan asam organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pengaruh penambahan asam asetat dan asam sitrat terhadap laju degradasi bioplastik yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan kemasan ramah lingkungan. Bioplastik dibuat menggunakan dua formulasi, yaitu: (1) pati, gliserol, dan asam asetat (cuka), serta (2) pati, gliserol, dan asam sitrat (jeruk nipis), dengan rasio komposisi 18:1,5:1,5 mL. Produk bioplastik yang dihasilkan kemudian diuji sifat biodegradabilitasnya melalui pengamatan selama tiga belas hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis bioplastik belum mengalami degradasi sempurna hingga hari ketiga belas. Namun, pertumbuhan jamur lebih banyak teramati pada bioplastik berbasis asam sitrat. Hal ini diduga berkaitan dengan tekstur bioplastik asam sitrat yang lebih lembap dibandingkan dengan bioplastik yang menggunakan asam asetat. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa jenis asam yang digunakan dalam pembuatan bioplastik dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kelembapan dan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme selama proses degradasi.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: biodegradable
  topic: keywords
subject: pati
  topic: keywords
subject: bioplastik
  topic: keywords
creator: Alfira Julian
creator: Rafidah Almira Samosir
creator: Mutia Ardila
creator: Ekin Dwi Arif Kurniawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 90
ending page: 96
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.28455

Optimization of the Performance of a Microplate Type UV-Vis Spectrophotometer as a Protein Content Testing Instrument Based on Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC)
type: item
description: Advancements in laboratory technology have driven the adoption of more efficient and environmentally friendly analytical methods, in line with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). This study aims to optimize the performance of a microplate-based UV-Vis spectrophotometer for determining protein content in food samples using the Biuret method. The method is based on a colorimetric reaction between Biuret reagent and peptide bonds in proteins, forming a purple complex whose absorbance is proportional to protein concentration. Three dilution methods were evaluated: mL-microplate, µL-microplate, and mL-cuvette, based on parameters including maximum wavelength, linearity, and accuracy. All methods showed the same maximum absorbance wavelength (562 nm), indicating reaction stability. The mL-cuvette method achieved the highest linearity (R² = 0.998), while the mL-microplate method demonstrated the best accuracy (91.00%) and most consistent results in tempeh and yogurt samples. Meanwhile, the µL-microplate method offered acceptable accuracy (90.25%) with significantly reduced reagent volume, supporting the GAC approach. Therefore, the mL-microplate method is recommended as the primary technique for protein analysis using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, while the µL-microplate method provides an efficient and eco-friendly alternative for modern laboratory applications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: UV Vis Spectrophotometer
  topic: keywords
subject: Protein
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Analytical Chemistry
  topic: keywords
creator: Martin Sulistyani
creator: F. Widhi Mahatmanti
creator: Nuril Huda
creator: Ridho Prasetyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 114
ending page: 123
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.31948

Characterization of Tobacco Stem Biochar for Controlled Release Fertilizer at Varying Pyrolysis Conditions
type: item
description: The development of Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) aims to reduce nutrient losses and environmental pollution caused by the rapid nutrient release from conventional fertilizers, which can result in 40%–90% NPK loss. This study focuses on producing tobacco stem biochar (TSB) through pyrolysis of tobacco stem powder to support CRF applications. The objective is to determine the optimal pyrolysis condition that yields TSB with properties suitable for land remediation and enhanced plant growth. Tobacco stem powder was subjected to pyrolysis under varying conditions, with TSB-3—produced at 600°C for 1 hour and an average heating rate of 30°C/min—emerging as the most efficient. This variant achieved a 28.99% mass yield, 73.09% fixed carbon, 77.47% porosity, 521.81 m²/g surface area, and 555.68 microns particle size. Additionally, it had a pH of 9.51, 24.18% nitrogen, 2.1% phosphorus, 1.8% potassium, 8.499 meq/100g CEC, 0.323 dS/m EC, and a salt index of 2.58. Enzymatic activities included 2.47 µmol/mL/min urease, 1.89 µmol/mL/min phosphatase, and 48.1 µmol/mL/min dehydrogenase. These results suggest TSB-3 is a promising candidate for nutrient carrier in CRF formulation, contributing to sustainable agriculture through improved nutrient use efficiency and soil health enhancement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biochar
  topic: keywords
subject: Controlled Release Fertilizer
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyrolysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Tobacco Stem
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Mizanurafi' Ghifarhadi Prasiefa
creator: Daniyal Firmansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 97
ending page: 113
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.29335

Molecular Docking Senyawa Fiscalin b, Isoleutherin, Eleutherol, Kaempferol, dan Luteolin pada Tumbuhan Physalis angulata Linn. sebagai Anti Kanker Lidah pada Protein MMP-9
type: item
description: Kanker lidah adalah jenis kanker rongga mulut yang agresif dengan angka kejadian dan kematian tinggi, terutama karena diagnosis terlambat dan terbatasnya pilihan terapi efektif. Protein Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) berperan penting dalam invasi dan metastasis sel kanker lidah dengan kemampuan mendegradasi matriks ekstraseluler, sehingga memfasilitasi penyebaran kanker. Tanaman herbal ciplukan (Physalis angulata Linn.) mengandung senyawa aktif seperti Lutheolin, Isoleutherin, yang berpotensi sebagai agen antikanker. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi afinitas senyawa Isoleutherin, Luteolin, Fiscalin b, Eleutherol, Kaempferol terhadap protein MMP-9 menggunakan metode molecular docking. Hasil menunjukkan Isoeleutherin memiliki energi ikatan bebas terendah (-8,49 kkal/mol), lebih rendah dibandingkan senyawa lain seperti Fiscalin b (-7,74 kkal/mol), Eleutherol (-7,73 kkal/mol), Kaempferol (-7,47 kkal/mol), dan Luteolin (-8,07 kkal/mol). Isoeleutherin memiliki potensi sebagai antikanker lidah walaupun kemampuannya tidak lebih baik dari ligan alaminya.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: kanker lidah
  topic: keywords
subject: mmp-9
  topic: keywords
subject: physalis angulata linn
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular docking
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadia Nanda Riani
creator: Anjar Hermadi Saputro
creator: Winni Nur Auli
creator: Nadya Nur Azizah
creator: Nanda Lenny Yuniaty br Simorangkir
creator: Stefanny Herlin Natalya Hutabarat
creator: Dela Natalia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 82
ending page: 89
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.25817

Structure-Based Identification of Sanketan Heliotropium indicum as a RANK-RANKL Inhibitor: A Bioinformatics Approach for Osteoporosis Therapy
type: item
description: Heliotropium indicum, a traditional medicinal plant, contains a variety of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic effects. This study employed a structure-based virtual screening approach to evaluate the inhibitory potential of selected compounds from H. indicum against RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand), a key regulator in osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis. Molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDockTools integrated with PyRx, targeting the RANKL crystal structure (PDB ID: 3QBQ). The binding free energy (ΔG) values were used to assess ligand affinity, with Indicine (–5.6 kcal/mol), Heliotrine (–6.0 kcal/mol), and 24-Methylenecholesterol (–6.6 kcal/mol) demonstrating the strongest binding affinities. Interaction analyses revealed stable hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic contacts with key residues such as SER296, ARG222, and GLY96. Further ADME-Tox profiling and Lipinski’s Rule of Five filtration indicated that most compounds possess favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including high gastrointestinal absorption, non-substrate behavior toward P-glycoprotein, minimal CYP450 inhibition, and low toxicity risks. Notably, Indicine and Heliotrine exhibited superior drug-likeness and safety profiles, while 24-Methylenecholesterol also emerged as a promising lead despite slightly lower binding affinity. These findings suggest that specific bioactive constituents of H. indicum could serve as potential RANKL inhibitors for osteoporosis therapy. The combined computational evaluations provide a strong foundation for future in vitro and in vivo validation, supporting the development of novel phytopharmaceuticals targeting bone resorption pathways
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heliotropium indicum
  topic: keywords
subject: RANKL inhibition
  topic: keywords
subject: Osteoporosis ADMET prediction
  topic: keywords
creator: aden rizkita
creator: Sintia Ayu Dewi
creator: Taufik Muhammad Fakih
creator: Candra Hermawan
creator: Vivi Amalia Dwi Pratiwi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 70
ending page: 81
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.25933

Characterization of CMC and Its Effect on Physical Stability and Shelf Life of Psidium guajava
type: item
description: Psidium guajava has a high content of vitamin C as an antioxidant that is easily damaged. One way to make it stable with stabilizers in the form of hydrocolloids, which are commonly used is carboxymethyl cellulose (Na CMC). The study aims to determine the effect of CMC addition on guava juice drinks with variations in temperature and storage duration and determine the shelf life. Methods include characterization of CMC (water content, organoleptic and viscosity, pH, NaCl content and purity). Guava juice beverage formulation was made by varying CMC concentration (organoleptic, viscosity, pH and vitamin C content). The best result (0.5% w/b) was continued with temperature treatment of 26°C and 16°C, and observation for 25 days. The results showed that CMC had a purity of 98.54% with NaCl of 1.46% and other results showed that it met the SNI/FAO requirements. The test of CMC addition proved to be able to stabilize the juice based on the viscosity of each treatment, but reduced the level of acidity at 16°C. The 26°C treatment changed color and odor on day 10 while at 16°C it lasted until day 20. Vitamin C content showed that on days 10-15 the treatment stored at 26°C decreased to 0.1 mg/g while at 16°C it was stable until day 25. Determination of shelf life using a mathematical model of degradation kinetics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CMC
  topic: keywords
subject: degradation kinetics
  topic: keywords
subject: fruit juice
  topic: keywords
subject: shelf life
  topic: keywords
subject: vitamin C
  topic: keywords
creator: Arya Avif Alviansyah
creator: Annisa Zahra Ramadhan
creator: Nisrina Azhaar Athaya
creator: Suci Nuraiza
creator: Silvi Permata Defisna
creator: Ibnu Hibban Tasman
creator: Mohammad Khotib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 60
ending page: 69
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.25250

Efektivitas Bioinsektisida Ekstrak Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) dalam Mengendalikan Populasi Semut dan Jangkrik di Lingkungan
type: item
description: Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) merupakan tanaman yang diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa bioaktif, seperti flavonoid, saponin, dan terpenoid, yang berpotensi sebagai insektisida alami. Penggunaan insektisida sintetis yang berlebihan dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia, sehingga diperlukan alternatif berbasis bahan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas ekstrak daun kenikir sebagai biopestisida terhadap semut dan jangkrik serta menentukan konsentrasi optimal yang memberikan efek toksisitas tertinggi. Ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji efektivitas dilakukan dengan berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak (25%, 50% dan 75%) yang diaplikasikan pada serangga uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kenikir memiliki aktivitas insektisida yang signifikan, dengan konsentrasi 75% menunjukkan tingkat mortalitas tertinggi. Senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak diduga bekerja dengan mengganggu sistem saraf dan metabolisme serangga. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak daun kenikir berpotensi sebagai biopestisida alami yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat menjadi alternatif yang efektif terhadap insektisida sintetis dalam pengendalian hama.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenikir
  topic: keywords
subject: Hama
  topic: keywords
subject: Jangkrik
  topic: keywords
subject: Semut
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioinsektisida
  topic: keywords
creator: Devy Lestari
creator: Faticha Amalia Marsyanda
creator: Martha Rully Meiva Ayu
creator: Timbul Wibowo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 50
ending page: 59
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.23619

Studi In Silico Aktivitas Antidiabetes Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) terhadap Reseptor DPP4
type: item
description: Pendahuluan: Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 merupakan suatu gangguan pada sel beta pankreas dalam mensekresikan insulin yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia atau meningkatnya kadar gula darah melebihi kondisi normal. DPP-4 telah diidentifikasi sebagai target penting dalam pengobatan diabetes tipe 2 karena perannya dalam regulasi glukosa darah dan produksi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan potensi senyawa yang terkandung di dalam bawang merah (Allium cepa) yang berperan sebagai inhibitor DPP-4 secara in silico melalui penambatan molekul. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Chemdraw, Chem 3D, AutoDockTools 1.5.6, BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2021, dan Ligandscout. Hasil: Terdapat 20 senyawa bawang merah yang diuji melalui pengujian lipinski rule of five, prediksi ADMETOKS, hingga penambatan molekuler. 2,4-Dimethylthiophene adalah senyawa yang paling optimal aktivitasnya dengan DPP4. Senyawa ini memiliki konstanta inhibisi (KI) dan binding energy (ΔG) terkecil, serta ditemukan 3 ikatan yang serupa dengan senyawa alami, yaitu TYR B: 666, TYR B: 662, dan SER B: 630.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bawang merah
  topic: keywords
subject: DPP4
  topic: keywords
subject: Penambatan Molekuler
  topic: keywords
creator: N. Anna Sakinah Liana Rahmawati
creator: Mutie Zahrani
creator: Diflaa Kayla Nisrina
creator: Anzalna Rachman
creator: ⁠Fashli Kamilain Supyansuri
creator: Alya. P. A. Pribadi
creator: Natasya Parameswari
creator: Diah L. Aulifa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.12168

ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT COMPOUNDS IN DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MANGO LEAVES
type: item
description: Exposure to free radicals in the body in amounts that exceed normal limits can trigger the emergence of various diseases. The formation of free radicals can be inhibited or stopped using antioxidant compounds. Mango leaves are one of the natural materials known to contain secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics that can be used as natural antioxidants. The writing of this article aims to determine the activity of the chemical compound in various kinds of mango leaves as a natural antioxidant to ward off free radicals based on literature review of the original articles conducted through a search engine with keywords antioxidant, mango leaves. The results of antioxidant activity of mango leaves as to free radical scavengers were obtained from 11 varieties, namely arumanis, bacang, gadung, gedong, kasturi, manalagi, podang, binjai, tandui, irwin, and machang pulasan. Mango leaves contain high secondary metabolite compounds that have potential as antioxidants with highly variable activity. The strongest results were shown in the mango gadung variety with an IC50 value of 3,263 ppm (very strong) using maceration method extraction with DPPH test. Factors that can affect the amount of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity are the type of mango variety and growing location. Mango leaf as an antioxidant has the potential to be utilized for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bioinsektisida
  topic: keywords
subject: Kenikir
  topic: keywords
subject: Hama
  topic: keywords
subject: Jangkrik,
  topic: keywords
subject: Semut
  topic: keywords
creator: Hartatik Sri Lestari
creator: Nanik Wijayati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 34
ending page: 49
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.22734

Effect of the Chemical Treatment on the Oxalate Content during the Preparation of Starch Flour from Beneng Taro (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch)
type: item
description: Indonesia memiliki beragam jenis umbi-umbian salah satunya yaitu talas beneng. Hal yang menjadi kendala dalam pemanfaatan talas ini yaitu terdapatnya senyawa oksalat. Pada penelitian ini, larutan kimia seperti NaCl, NaHCO3, dan CH3COOH dengan berbagai konsentrasi digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan kimia terhadap kadar oksalat pada proses pembuatan tepung pati talas beneng (Xanthosoma undipes K.Koch). Umbi talas direndam dalam larutan tersebut dan di dalam aquadest sebagai kontrol lalu dijadikan tepung pati. Filtrat hasil perendamannya dianalisis dengan metode titrasi permanganometri untuk mengetahui kadar oksalat terlarut. Tepung patinya dianalisis kadar oksalat larut dan total menggunakan metode HPLC. Filtrat hasil perendaman umbi talas di dalam CH3COOH 20% memiliki kadar oksalat tertinggi sebesar 3630,32 mg/100g umbi segar. Tepung patinya yang memiliki kadar oksalat larut paling tinggi yaitu umbi yang sebelumnya direndam dalam NaCl 20% dengan kadar sebesar 0,0421 mg/100g tepung pati. Sampel tepung pati tersebut dianalisis lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui kadar oksalat total, kadar oksalat totalnya sebesar 0,5320 mg/100g tepung pati. Berdasarkan nilai kadar oksalat larut dan total dapat dihitung kadar oksalat tidak larutnya, umbi yang sebelumnya direndam dalam NaCl 20% memiliki kadar oksalat tidak larut sebesar 0,4899 mg/100g tepung pati
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Talas beneng
  topic: keywords
subject: Kadar oksalat
  topic: keywords
subject: Pati talas
  topic: keywords
creator: Hanifah Az-Zahra
creator: Mohammad Alauhdin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.20001

Optimization of Barium Sulfate Crystal Control with Additives and Stirring using Response Surface Methodology
type: item
description: Kristal barium sulfat merupakan padatan kristal yang melekat kuat pada permukaan material, sehingga pertumbuhan kristal barium sulfat perlu dikendalikan. Beberapa cara untuk mengurangi pembentukan kristal barium sulfat adalah dengan menambahkan zat aditif dan mengatur kecepatan pengadukan serta waktu pencampuran. Pada penelitian ini, untuk menentukan variabel penambahan zat aditif, kecepatan dan waktu pencampuran menggunakan model Box Behnken Design dengan Response Surface Methodology. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi zat aditif ZnCl2 dengan beberapa konsentrasi zat aditif 0, 12, 24 ppm, kecepatan pengadukan 0, 240, 480 rpm dan waktu pencampuran 25, 75, 125 menit terhadap berat kristal barium sulfat yang diperoleh. BaSO4 3000 ppm terbentuk dengan mereaksikan antara larutan BaCl2 dengan Na2SO4 pada suhu 50ºC. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan model matematika yang dapat memprediksi kondisi optimum untuk perolehan berat kristal barium sulfat. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh dari berat kristal barium sulfat adalah 0,22727 gram dengan konsentrasi ZnCl₂ sebesar 24 ppm, kecepatan pengadukan 48,48 rpm, dan waktu pencampuran selama 25 menit
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Barium sulfate
  topic: keywords
subject: Box Behnken Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Response Surface Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Seng Klorida
  topic: keywords
creator: Husna Zaka Anshori
creator: Kamaliatul Fajria
creator: Novel Karaman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.20853

Validation of the Analytical Method for Cadmium (Cd) in Rice (Oryza Sativa) using the SNI 6989-84:2019
type: item
description: Kadmium (Cd) merupakan salah satu jenis logam berat. Beras dengan kadar Kadmium yang tinggi membuat beras tersebut tidak aman untuk dikonsumsi. Pengujian kadar Kadmium pada beras dengan uji validasi menggunakan metode SNI 6989-84:2019. Tujuan penelitian yaitu melakukan uji validasi dan mengetahui kandungan Kadmium pada beras (Oryza Sativa). Metode penelitian menggunakan serangkaian pengujian kurva kalibrasi, LoD dan LoQ, nilai MDL, presisi, dan akurasi. Alat yang digunakan adalah Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA). Hasil uji validasi yaitu nilai korelasi sudah memenuhi persyaratan dengan nilai >0,995, uji LoD 0,0835 dan LoQ 0,835 memenuhi persyaratan hasil dan tidak melebihi 1 ppm, nilai recovery dari MDL sendiri sebesar 97,36%, presisi dengan %RSD<2/3CVHorwitz dengan nilai secara berurutan 17,20%<18,94% telah memenuhi syarat, dan akurasi 103,20%. Hasil penelitian sudah memenuhi persyaratan keberterimaan SNI 6989-84:2019. Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom (SSA) dapat diterapkan dalam pengujian sampel beras. Jumlah Kadmium dalam sampel beras yang diuji sebesar 0,00043 mg.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: validasi
  topic: keywords
subject: Kadmium
  topic: keywords
subject: Beras (Oryza Sativa)
  topic: keywords
creator: Fariz Jaya
creator: Agung Tri Prasetya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.20607

Extraction of Morinda Citrifolia Leaves Essential Oils as EGFR Inhibitor in Non-Small Cells Lung Cancer: In Silico Approach
type: item
description: Kanker paru-paru merupakan salah satu penyakit kanker dengan penderita terbanyak di dunia maupun di Indoneisa. 85% dari penyebab kanker paru-paru merupakan non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) dengan mutasi gen paling banyak ditemukan pada EGFR. Ekstrak essential oils dari Morinda citrifolia telah berhasil menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker paru-paru A549 dengan IC50 40 μg/mL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kandiidat obat dari essential oils Morinda citrifolia sebagai inhibitor EGFR menggunakan pendekatan in silico melalui perangkat lunak MOE. Skrining fisikokimia dan farmakokinetika juga telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Lipinski rule of five dan ADMET. Hasil molecular docking menunjukan 9-H-Pyridol [3, 4-b]indole dan cubenol sebagai ligan terbaik dengan masing-masing RMSD 0.790 Å dan 0.778 Å dengan masing masing nilai energi ikatan -5.992 dan -5.325 kcal.mol-1. Interaksi ligan dengan residu asam amino menujukan 9-H-Pyridol [3, 4-b]indole terdapat ikatan hidrogen pada tiga residu asam amino, yaitu Arg812, Tyr867, dan Arg865. Sementara pada cubenol memiiliki interaksi ikatan hidrofobik. Data ADMET dan Lipinski telah dicantumkan pada artikel ini untuk memberi gambaran bagaimana reaksi senyawa ligan pada tubuh.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Non-Small Lung Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Morinda Citrifolia
  topic: keywords
subject: Essential oils
  topic: keywords
subject: EGFR
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular Docking
  topic: keywords
creator: muhammad_arvito ramadhan
creator: Fajriah Azra
creator: Hanif Sabawi Ma'ruf
creator: Riko Syafriadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.19687

Processing of Tofu industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation method using aluminum (Al) electrode at various electrical current and contact time
type: item
description: This research aims to determine the effect of varying voltage and contact time on reducing levels on Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and ammonia as well as increasing pH values ​​in tofu industrial wastewater by electrocoagulation using Aluminum electrodes. There were 4 variations of voltage (10,20,30,4 0A) and 5 variations of contact time (30,60,90,120,150 minutes). Analysis of COD levels and ammonia levels was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, analysis of TSS levels gravimetrically using Whatman filter paper No. 42, analysis of TDS levels with gravimetrically, and analysis of pH values ​​by a pH meter. The best results were obtained from treatment at voltage of 40 A and a contact time of 150 minutes with the highest efficiency of reducing COD, TSS, TDS, ammonia levels respectively at 90.35; 92; 66; 85% and the highest increase in pH value was 108%. The results of the diversity analysis or Tukey's advanced test showed that at the 5% level each treatment had a significant effect on reducing COD, TSS, TDS and ammonia levels as well as increasing the pH value. Chemical kinetics analysis of the reduction in COD and TSS levels showed results that were close to first orde linear and obtained R2 and k values ​​respectively of (0.9904; 0.0164); (0.9952; 0.0182) at voltage variation of 40 A
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Addy Rachmat
creator: Fatma Fatma
creator: Nisa Manora Pratama
creator: Eva Musifa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 85
ending page: 97
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i1.18787

In Silico Study of Antioxidant Compounds in Ipomoea aquatica Forsk as Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Enzyme Inhibitor in Alzheimer’s Disease
type: item
description: Alzheimer’s Disease is a form of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function, encompassing various aspects of intellectual abilities. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and plays an important role in regulating neurotransmission at synapses across the nervous system. Disruption of this cholinergic transmission significantly impacts the development of Alzheimer's disease. Compounds with AChE inhibitory activity are known to be promising drug candidates for treating this disease. In this study, an in-silico analysis was conducted on antioxidant compounds, specifically carotenoid compounds from Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, to determine whether these compounds could be potential drug candidates for Alzheimer's treatment using molecular docking methods. The 3D structure of the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) receptor was obtained from the Protein Data Bank, while the structure of the carotenoid compounds was obtained from the PubChem database. The software used for the molecular docking simulation was AutoDock Vina, with additional supporting software such as AutoDockTools 1.5.6, PyMOL, and LigPlot. The analysis results showed that β-carotene is the best antioxidant, with binding energy and inhibition constant values of -10.2 kcal/mol and 20.06 μM, respectively, with hydrogen bonding occurring at the amino acid residue PHE 295.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alzheimer
  topic: keywords
subject: In Silico
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant
  topic: keywords
subject: Ipomoea aquatica Forsk
  topic: keywords
subject: Acetylcholinesterase
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma E.P Nugraha
creator: Rini Madyastuti Purwono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 8
ending page: 19
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.18022

Potential of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from Meniran Plants (Phyllanthus niruri L. ) as Antibacterials that Cause Diarrhea
type: item
description: Abstrak : Tanaman meniran (Phylanthus niruri L.) dimanfaatkan dibeberapa daerah sebagai obat diare. Pada masyarakat didaerah Kelurahan Lubuk Tanjung Kecamatan Lubuklinggau Barat, suku Madura di Kecamatan Lenteng, Guluk-Guluk, dan Bluto diolah dengan cara bagian daunnya ditumbuk dan direbus. Metode riset dimulai dari dilakukannya isolasi bakteri endofit, penapisan isolat bakteri endofit dengan metode uji antagonis, uji biokimia, fermentasi dan ekstraksi metabolit sekunder, skrining fitokimia ekstrak metabolit sekunder bakteri endofit, uji aktivitas antibakteri difusi cakram, dan analisis data. Dari hasil penelitian yang didapatkan, disimpulkan bahwa isolat bakteri endofit yang didapatkan dari sampel daun tanaman meniran sebanyak 10 isolat bakteri endofit, 3 diantaranya menunjukkan nilai antagonis lebih besar terhadap bakteri uji yaitu Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae yaitu isolat bakteri Na(P)1, Na(P)2, dan Na(P)5. Kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ketiga isolat tersebut menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri Na(P)1 positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan steroid, isolat bakteri Na(P)2 positif mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, dan triterpenoid, serta isolat bakteri Na(P)5 positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, dan steroid. Ekstrak etil asetat isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling besar terhadap Escherichia coli pada isolat Na(P)5 dan Shigella dysentriae pada isolat NA(P)2. Abstract : The meniran plant (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is used in several areas as a diarrhea medicine. In the people of Lubuk Tanjung Village, West Lubuklinggau District, Madurese tribes in Lenteng, Guluk-Guluk and Bluto Districts, it is processed by pounding and boiling the leaves. The research method starts with isolating endophytic bacteria, screening endophytic bacterial isolates using the antagonist test method, biochemical tests, fermentation and extraction of secondary metabolites, phytochemical screening of secondary metabolite extracts of end…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uji Antagonis
  topic: keywords
subject: Uji Fitokimia
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibakteri
  topic: keywords
subject: Escherichia coli
  topic: keywords
subject: Shigella dysentriae
  topic: keywords
creator: Nola Artita
creator: Novinda Karya Ramadhani
creator: Sisilia Amelia Putri
creator: Monica Kharisma Swandi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-11-20
publication date: 2025-11-20
starting page: 20
ending page: 33
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i3.17414

In Silico Analysis of Nettle Leaf (Urtica dioica L.) Secondary Metabolite Compounds as Anti-Premature Skin Aging Agents
type: item
description: Daun jelatang (Urtica dioica L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang sering dianggap gulma, namun sebenarnya memiliki banyak manfaat karena mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui potensi metabolit sekunder ekstrak daun jelatang sebagai agen anti penuaan dini kulit. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi, dan identifikasi senyawa dilakukan dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Data metabolit sekunder yang diperoleh dari hasil GC-MS kemudian dianalisis secara molekuler melalui pendekatan in silico menggunakan molecular docking. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Hasil identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak daun jelatang menggunakan GC-MS menunjukkan terdapat delapan senyawa berpotensi sebagai agen anti penuaan dini pada kulit. Senyawa-senyawa ini kemudian digunakan sebagai ligan uji yang berinteraksi dengan reseptor Matriks Metlloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) dengan kode PDB ID 1HFC. Hasil molecular docking berdasarkan nilai binding affinity terbaik yaitu senyawa Propanoic acid, 2-(-3-acetoxy-4,4,14-trimethylandrost-8-en-17-yl)- sebesar -6,8 kcal/mol dan senyawa paling aman berdasarkan parameter toksisitas hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, skin sensititisation yaitu 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol. Semua senyawa uji memenuhi aturan Lipinski’s rule of five sehingga dapat dijadikan kandidat obat topikal maupun oral. Kesimpulan penilitian in silico ini yaitu metabolit sekunder dari ekstrak daun jelatang memiliki potensi sebagai agen anti penuaan dini pada kulit berdasarkan senyawa terbaiknya yaitu Propanoic acid, 2-(-3-acetoxy-4,4,14-trimethylandrost-8-en-17-yl)- dan 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urtica dioica L.
  topic: keywords
subject: in silico
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular docking
  topic: keywords
subject: anti penuaan dini kulit
  topic: keywords
creator: Juliya Irnandia -
creator: Purwati Kuswarini Suprapto -
creator: Egi Nuryadin -
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.17355

Optimization of the AAS Method with Variations in Air Speed, Wavelength, and Light Current
type: item
description: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk optimasi Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) di Laboratorium Kimia FMIPA UNNES untuk menguji logam tembaga (Cu) dalam limbah cair laboratorium. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Metode penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Preparasi contoh uji; (2) Optimasi kondisi analisis unsur tembaga dengan variasi: laju udara, panjang gelombang, dan arus lampu; (3) Penentuan sensitivitas atau kepekaan serta presisi alat AAS; (4) Penentuan daerah kerja AAS; (5) Penentuan LoD dan LoQ. Pengujian logam Cu di Laboratorium Kimia FMIPA UNNES telah mengacu pada SNI-6989-84:2019, namun masih belum optimal karena terdapat nilai hasil uji untuk logam Cu yang belum sesuai. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya gangguan matriks yang dapat memperkecil ataupun meningkatkan jumlah absorbansi, sehingga menyebabkan hasil pengujian kurang valid. Penelitian ini memperoleh kondisi optimum penggunaan AAS yaitu menggunakan perbandingan laju udara dan asetilen sebesar 10:2 (L/menit), pengujian logam Cu pada panjang gelombang 324,8 nm, dan arus lampu 15 mA menghasilkan absorbansi terbesar dalam pengukuran logam Cu.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Optimasi
  topic: keywords
subject: AAS
  topic: keywords
subject: Laju Udara
  topic: keywords
subject: Panjang Gelombang
  topic: keywords
subject: Arus Lampu
  topic: keywords
creator: Dian Sri Asmorowati
creator: Kholifatu Ulil Azmi
creator: Sri Susilogati Sumarti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.17357

In Silico Study of Bioactive Compounds from Cinchona Bark as Potential Antimalarial Against Human Glucokinase Receptor
type: item
description: Malaria remains a significant health concern in Indonesia, with endemic regions reporting persistent transmission of Plasmodium parasites. This study explores the potential of compounds derived from Cinchona succirubra, traditionally known for its antimalarial properties, using a comprehensive in silico approach. Utilizing Lipinski’s prediction, ADME-Tox, pharmacophore screening, and molecular docking techniques, we assessed the pharmacological potential of its compounds against glucokinase enzymes. Through 10 alkaloid compounds taken from the bark of the cinchona tree, among which the one that gives the best results in its role on the receptor is mefloquine. The result showed that mefloquine had a BE of -3.95 kcal/mol, an inhibition constant of 1.27 μM, but no interactions with any important amino acid residues. The HIA and CaCo-2 values were 93.737% and 22.686 nm/sec, respectively, whereas the PPB and BBB values were 74.270% and 74.270%. Neither is this substance carcinogenic or mutagenic. Low binding energy and the most favored interaction with the receptor were observed for mefloquine. Thus, mefloquine exhibits potential as a prospective glucokinase inhibitor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antimalarial
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular docking
  topic: keywords
subject: Cinchona bark
  topic: keywords
creator: Kezia Stella Carmencinta Salvi
creator: Alifa Dhia Shalima
creator: Alya Novia Hanifa
creator: Johnessa Cung
creator: Bagus Adhinagoro
creator: Shela Salsabila
creator: Muchtaridi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 74
ending page: 84
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i1.16502

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoherbal Ethanol Extract of Sambung Nyawa Leaves (Gynura procumbens Lour [Merr])
type: item
description: Tanaman sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbensi) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional Indonesia yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antikanker, antidiabet, antihipertensi dan antibakteri. Senyawa metabolit sekunder daun sambung nyawa dalam bentuk ekstrak memiliki kelemahan yaitu bioavaibilitas kurang baik serta mudah mengalami degradasi. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan tersebut maka dibuat sediaan dalam bentuk nanoherbal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mensintesis nanoherbal ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa dan menetukan karakteristiknya. Nanoherbal disintesis dengan metode gelasi ionik, menggunakan polimer alginat dengan reagen pengikat silang kalsium klorida (CaCl2 ). Sintesis nanoherbal ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa dilakukan dengan membuat 4 variasi konsentrasi alginat dan CaCl2 yaitu 1:20; 1:10; 1:5; dan 1:2,5. Karakterisasi nanoherbal dilakukan menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah, PSA, potensial zeta, dan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula optimum untuk sintesis nanoherbal adalah perbandingan konsentrasi alginat dan CaCl2 1 : 20. Spektrum IR nanoherbal menunjukkan adanya gugus O-H, C-H alkil, dan COO-. Nanoherbal hasil sintesis memiliki ukuran partikel 101 nm dan potensial zeta sebesar +43,3 mV. Dengan demikian nanoherbal hasil sintesis bersifat stabil dari proses agregasi.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa, Nanoherbal, Metode gelasi ionik
  topic: keywords
creator: Tri Wahyu Septiani Septiani
creator: Sutoyo Suyatno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 68
ending page: 73
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i1.16255

Green Synthesis Nanoparticle ZnO Using Averrhoa Bilimbi Leaf Extract And Photocatalitic Activity For Degradation Methylene Blue
type: item
description: Sintesis hijau nanopartikel ZnO berhasil dilakukan dengan menggunakan ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) sebagai bioreduktor dan capping agent. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakterisasi fisika dan kimia sintesis hijau nanopartikel ZnO dan mengevaluasi hasil uji fotokatalitikya terhadap degradasi metilen biru. Nanopartikel ZnO memiliki struktur hexagonal wurtzite yang telah dibuktikan menggunakan karakterisasi fisika X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) dengan variasi volume ekstrak daun yaitu 5 mL; 10 mL; 15 mL; 20 mL menghasilkan ukuran kristal sebesar 16,9; 20,8; 25,1; 25,2 nm. Ukuran partikel ZnO yang terdeteksi oleh PSA sebesar 7,43 nm. Karakterisasi kimia Fourier-Transform Infrared Specstroscopy (FT-IR) teridentifikasi adanya kandungan ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh berupa flavonoid serta metabolit sekunder lainnya yang dapat mereduksi ion-ion Zn2+ menjadi Zn0. Hasil gugus fungsional yang teridentifikasi yaitu gugus O-H, gugus C-H, gugus C-O, gugus C=C, dan gugus Zn. Aktivitas fotokatalitik ZnO ekstrak daun belimbing wuluh menghasilkan massa nanopartikel ZnO maksimum yaitu 30 mg yang berhasil mendegradasi 82,61%. Waktu pemaparan maksimum yaitu 80 menit yang berhasil mendegradasi 91,46%. Konsentrasi metilen biru maksimum yaitu 5 ppm yang berhasil terdegradasi hingga 84,69%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ZnO Nanoparticle
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Synthesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Photocatalyst
  topic: keywords
subject: Averhhoa Billimbi Leaf
  topic: keywords
creator: Dewi Ithriyatul Wardah
creator: Dina Kartika Maharani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.15682

Aerobic Degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Activated Sludge with the Addition of Glucose, KNO3, and KH2PO4
type: item
description: As urban populations grow, the demand for laundry services increases, leading to more detergent waste containing linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) discharged into the environment. This study investigates the ex-situ degradation of laundry waste in an aerobically activated sludge tank by adding 6 g glucose, 1 g KNO₃, and 0.5 g KH₂PO₄ as nutrient sources. Wastewater samples from two laundry sites were treated with indigenous bacteria from contaminated sludge. The study aimed to assess LAS degradation and reductions in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). LAS levels were monitored over ten days, showing 89.1% and 85.3% degradation efficiencies for the two samples, respectively. BOD decreased from 136.05 to 14.64 mg/L and 140.74 to 13.85 mg/L, while COD dropped from 340.56 to 47.52 mg/L and from 337.91 to 47.49 mg/L. Despite significant BOD reduction, COD levels remained high, indicating the presence of non-biodegradable compounds. The food to microorganisms (F/M) ratio increased over ten days, confirming that activated sludge, with nutrient addition, effectively degrades LAS by over 85%. These results highlight the potential for nutrient-augmented activated sludge systems to manage LAS contamination in laundry wastewater. However, further research is needed to address the persistence of non-biodegradable compounds.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aerobic degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Activated sludge
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutrient addition
  topic: keywords
subject: BOD/COD reduction
  topic: keywords
creator: Zainal Syam Arifin
creator: Nur Sila Alisi
creator: Ahmad Zaeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.13654

Synthesis Of Cellulose Acetate Based on Coconut Coir (Cocos nucifera L.) and I'ts Application on Bioplastic Fabrication
type: item
description: Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah, salah satunya yaitu tanaman kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.). Sabut kelapa merupakan produk samping dari tanaman kelapa yang memiliki berbagai manfaat. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh rendemen selulosa dari sabut kelapa sebesar 58,72%. Keberhasilan isolasi selulosa ditunjukan dengan munculnya puncak gugus fungsi O-H, C-H, dan C-O pada spektrum FTIR. Sintesis selulosa asetat telah dilakukan dengan memvariasikan perbandingan antara berat selulosa dan volume anhidrida asetat (1:10 dan 1:20) (b/v). Rendemen selulosa asetat hasil sintesis berturut-turut yaitu 30,44% dan 28,22%. Hasil sintesis menunjukan bahwa jenis selulosa asetat yang dihasilkan adalah selulosa monoasetat dengan derajat substitusi (DS) berturut-turut yaitu 0,48 dan 0,44. Keberhasilan sintesis selulosa asetat ditunjukan dengan munculnya puncak gugus fungsi O-H, C-H, C=O, dan C-O pada spektrum FTIR. Pada penelitian ini, selulosa asetat diaplikasikan dalam bioplastik dengan variasi konsentrasi 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% (b/b) dari berat tepung nasi aking. Aplikasi tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi selulosa asetat terhadap sifat mekanik dan fisik bioplastik. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi selulosa asetat menghasilkan nilai tertinggi untuk kuat tarik sebesar 13,58 MPa, persen elongasi sebesar 3,66%, modulus elastisitas sebesar 9,64 MPa, dan mampu menahan air sebesar 49,90%. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian sifat mekanik, bioplastik berbasis selulosa asetat belum memenuhi standar bioplastik pada SNI-7188.7:2016.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sabut kelapa
  topic: keywords
subject: selulosa
  topic: keywords
subject: selulosa asetat
  topic: keywords
subject: bioplastik
  topic: keywords
creator: Annisa Septa Cahyani
creator: Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 55
ending page: 67
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i1.14214

Antioxidant Candidates in Deep Eutectic Solvent Extract of Choline Chloride-Oxalic Acid from Sago Bark (Metroxylon sagu L. Rottb)
type: item
description: Waste deposits from sago (Metroxylon sagu L. Rottb.) starch extraction from sago trunks in Palopo City, Luwu Regency, North Luwu Regency and East Luwu Regency which are part of the Tana Luwu region are quite abundant. Many studies on the utilization of liquid waste from this process have been published. In contrast, the utilization of solid waste has not been widely carried out. In addition, studies on the identification of compounds from the extraction of sago bark waste using environmentally friendly solvents such as deep eutectic solvent (DES) are still minimal. The DES used was DES Choline Chloride-Oxalic Acid with a mole ratio of 1:2. The success of DES synthesis was confirmed by FT-IR. Extraction was carried out using the sonication method for 30 minutes at 50 W, room temperature, with a ratio of 80 mesh sago bark to DES of 1:10 (g/ml). The extract was filtered with filter paper with a pore diameter of 2.5 µm. Screening of compounds in the filtrate through GC-MS analyses. DES was successfully synthesized while still showing the main functional groups. GC-MS analysis of the filtrate showed that there were 8.36% squalene-like compound; 5.37% n-hexadecanoic acid-like compound and other compounds (with solvent exception) contained ≤1%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Skrining senyawa
  topic: keywords
subject: Kulit Batang Sagu
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioksidan
  topic: keywords
subject: Limbah Pertanian
  topic: keywords
subject: Ekstraksi Hijau
  topic: keywords
creator: Ulfah Zakiyah Hamdani
creator: Rosmalah Yanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 47
ending page: 54
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i1.14199

Validation of Methods and Determination of Curcumin Levels in Carrying Herbal Medicine of Turmeric Tamarind Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
type: item
description: Turmeric contains curcumin which works to increase the body's defense system against viruses or bacteria. The study aims to determine the validity parameters in the form of linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ and determine the curcumin levels in carrying herbal medicine of turmeric tamarind. Method validation aims to ensure that the method to be used meets the requirements for the analytical application and can be justified for its correctness. The method was quantitative one using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the method met the linearity requirements with r: 0.9995, accuracy with a recovery value of 99.43%, precision with an RSD value of 0.49%, and LOD and LOQ with values of 0.0054 µg/mL and 0.0163 µg/mL. The curcumin content in the herbal medicine of turmeric tamarind sold at Ulujami Market, Pemalang in herbal medicine sample A was 0.09% and herbal medicine sample B was 0.07%.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curcumin
  topic: keywords
subject: UV Vis Spectrophotometer
  topic: keywords
subject: Method validation
  topic: keywords
creator: Arum Arum Dwi Nanda
creator: Khusna Khusna Santika Rahmasari
creator: Vandian Achmad Vandian Nur
creator: Eko apt. Eko Mugiyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-08-21
publication date: 2025-08-21
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i2.14192

Bibliometric Analysis of Chemistry Publication Trends on Scopus in The Era of Big Data
type: item
description: In the 21st century, chemistry has seen a major shift in data management practices. Analyzing research trends is crucial for maintaining relevance and innovation. This study aims to: (1) identify the contributions of researchers and institutions and assess their impact; (2) map the network of interactions among publications, references, topics, researchers, and institutions; and (3) predict future directions and recommend research opportunities in chemistry. This study employs bibliometric analysis and science mapping techniques with VOSviewer. The study finds that: (1) J. M. Cole and the United States are the leading contributors; (2) big data research in chemistry is not yet deeply and continuously explored, with researchers often working in small groups and focusing on topics such as "machine learning," "chemometrics," "cheminformatics," and "deep learning"; and (3) "data mining" is underexplored, presenting new research opportunities and directions for chemistry in the era of big data.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bibliometric
  topic: keywords
subject: Big Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Scopus
  topic: keywords
subject: VOSviewer
  topic: keywords
creator: Andi Budi Bakti
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2024-11-13
publication date: 2024-11-13
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i3.14025

Utilization of Plantain Skin Pectin (Musa paradisiaca L.) as an Edible Coating to Extend the Shelf Life of Red Grapes
type: item
description: Red grapes are a fruit that easily rots after harvest. Various methods have been developed to extend the shelf life of grapes post-harvest, such as refrigeration and fumigation with sulfur dioxide. However, this preservation method is considered less efficient. Therefore, better preservation methods are needed, such as providing edible coating. Edible coating can be made from pectin compounds extracted from Kepok banana peels. Kepok bananas are a type of banana that is widely consumed by Indonesian people. In this study, kepok banana peel pectin was extracted using the UAE method. The coating of red grapes is carried out using the dipping method, with varying times of 5, 10, and 20 minutes. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics of kepok banana peel pectin, the effect of dipping time and storage temperature on the characteristics of red grapes. The results of pectin extracted from Kepok banana peels in this study included low methoxy pectin with a yield of 2.11%. Different immersion times and storage temperatures showed an influence on the characteristics of red grapes. The smallest weight loss was obtained when the immersion time was 5 minutes at refrigerator temperature (0.65%). The best water content was obtained in the immersion treatment time of 5 minutes at room temperature (86.81%). Vitamin C levels can be maintained by immersion treatment for 20 minutes at refrigerator temperature (2.96%). The smallest color difference was obtained when the dyeing time was 10 minutes at refrigerator temperature (6.69%).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pengawetan
  topic: keywords
subject: edible coating
  topic: keywords
subject: pektin
  topic: keywords
subject: waktu pencelupan
  topic: keywords
subject: suhu penyimpanan
  topic: keywords
creator: Listy Indriasari
creator: Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2024-11-25
publication date: 2024-11-25
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i3.7950

Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Clove and Moringa Tea and their Antioxidant Activities using the DPPH Method
type: item
description: Senyawa volatil merupakan dasar dari suatu aroma dan termasuk dalam metabolit sekunder yang diproduksi tumbuhan dan bersifat mudah menguap. Metabolit sekunder yang terkandung didalam tumbuhan memiliki aktivitas farmakologis salah satunya yaitu sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa volatil dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan teh cengkeh dan kelor yang diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil identifikasi senyawa volatil menggunakan GC-MS pada teh cengkeh dan kelor masing-masing terdeteksi 6 puncak senyawa kimia. Hasil uji senyawa volatil dengan FTIR pada kedua sampel terdeteksi adanya gugus O-H fenolik, C-H, C=O, dan C-O alkohol. Pada teh cengkeh terdapat tambahan gugus C-H aromatik. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis dideteksi pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil IC50 pada uji antioksidan pada teh cengkeh dan kelor masing-masing yaitu 11,63 µg/mL dan 34,40 µg/mL.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aktivitas antioksidan
  topic: keywords
subject: Senyawa volatil
  topic: keywords
subject: Teh cengkeh
  topic: keywords
subject: Teh kelor
  topic: keywords
creator: Sri Anggini Wahyuningsih
creator: Sudarmin
creator: Nanik Wijayati
creator: Neli Syahida Ni'ma
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2024-11-25
publication date: 2024-11-25
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i3.13268

Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Green Banana Peel
type: item
description: Karbon aktif adalah bahan padat yang memiliki pori dan mengandung 85% - 95% karbon dan 5% - 15% adalah deposit. Karbon aktif mengalami proses aktivasi secara fisik maupun kimia. Aktivasi secara fisik yaitu berupa arang, sedangkan secara kimia yaitu merendam arang menggunakan bahan kimia. Karbon aktif umumnya digunakan sebagai adsorben. Kulit pisang tersusun atas senyawa berkarbon yaitu lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa sebesar 8,90%, 9,90%, 41.38%. Senyawa inilah yang dapat menjadikan kulit pisang hijau dalam pembuatan karbon aktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu proses pirolisis dari limbah kulit pisang hijau terhadap uji kadar abu, uji kadar air dan uji luas permukaan BET serta mengetahui luas permukaan karbon aktif dari kulit pisang hijau dengan uji BET. Metode penelitian meliputi persiapan bahan baku, proses pirolisis, aktivasi dan uji hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu dan suhu proses pirolisis memiliki pengaruh yang cukup signifikan terhadap karakteristik dari karbon aktif kulit pisang hijau dari jumlah kadar abu, kadar air, dan luas permukaan analisa BET serta karbon aktif dari kulit pisang hijau dengan hasil terbaik pada suhu 400 dengan waktu 150 menit diperoleh luas permukaan BET sebesar 313,089 m²/gr dan single point surface area sebesar 323,1100 m²/gr. Kesimpulannya, hasil terbaik yang diperoleh belum dapat memenuhi baku mutu SNI 06-3730-1995 sehingga belum dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Karbon Aktif
  topic: keywords
subject: Kulit Pisang Hijau
  topic: keywords
subject: Pirolisis
  topic: keywords
subject: Uji BET
  topic: keywords
subject: Adsorben
  topic: keywords
creator: Elene Afrisia Efendi
creator: Faiz Putra Djatmiko
creator: Ely Kurniati
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2024-11-25
publication date: 2024-11-25
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v13i3.7876

In Silico Test of Active Compounds of Pomegranate Fruit (Punica granatum) Against Estrogen Receptor-α for Osteoporosis
type: item
description: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, so bone breaks easily. In this study, the activity of the phytoestrogen compound content in pomegranates (Punica granatum) against estrogen alpha in Silico. The study aims to get new drug candidates for osteoporosis therapy. The method used is to dock the re-docking of the natural ligands of raloxifene and docking against the ligands of test compounds which are secondary metabolite compounds in pomegranates. The Gridbox used has coordinates x center : -2,079; y center : -30,746; z center : 22,813. The caffeic acid test compound has the best potential binding to the alpha estrogen receptor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: in silico
  topic: keywords
subject: pomegranate fruit
  topic: keywords
subject: estrogen alfa
  topic: keywords
subject: osteoporosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Spica Diani Anandawijaya
creator: Nurul Latifah
creator: Ifa Latifah
creator: Primadini Ayesha Nugraha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 28
ending page: 37
doi: 10.15294/ijcs.v14i1.8957