State Responsibility's Possibility in Ecocide: A Proposal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v5i1.23532Keywords:
Ecocide , Elaboration of Jurisdiction, State's Responsibility PossibilityAbstract
This paper aims to analyse the potential for a State to be held accountable for Ecocide associated with Climate Change within the established framework of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. The issue of climate change and the appearance of ecocrime are interesting subjects of study. Climate change has a significant impact not only on the issue of ecology but also on crime, which means that it is the responsibility of the party (both States and Individuals/Corporations). The International Criminal Justice mentions the State's responsibility in climate change, but it needs to be criticised whether the State can be responsible for seeing the appearance of Ecocide in terms of climate change. It is a conceptual article of qualitative research type. The sources of this research process are International Conventions and/or Documents, Law and Regulations. The conceptual and statutes approach is used in the article to analyse the situation. The result of the study shares that there is a need to understand the appearance of the State's responsibility in the context of Climate Change and further elaboration on the possibility of crime appearing as the impact of climate change. It must be understood to shift the paradigm of thinking cross-jurisdictional of both the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court.
References
Branch, Adam, and Liana Minkova. “Ecocide, the Anthropocene, and the International Criminal Court.” Ethics & International Affairs 37, no. 1 (January 2023): 51–79. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679423000059.
Brickey, Kathleen F. Environmental Crimes: Law, Policy and Prosecution. Aspen Publisher, 2008.
Brownlie, Ian, and James Crawford. Brownlie’s Principles of Public International Law. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Crook, Martin, Damien Short, and Nigel South. “Ecocide, Genocide, Capitalism and Colonialism: Consequences for Indigenous Peoples and Glocal Ecosystems Environments.” Theoretical Criminology 22, no. 3 (2018): 298–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480618787176.
Eichler, Lauren. “Ecocide Is Genocide: Decolonizing the Definition of Genocide.” Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal 14, no. 2 (September 4, 2020). https://doi.org/
https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1720
.Europol. “Environmental Crime in the Age of Climate Change: 2022 Threat Assessment.” Europol, 2022. https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-events/publications/environmental-crime-in-age-of-climate-change-2022-threat-assessment.
Falk, Richard A. “Environmental Warfare and Ecocide — Facts, Appraisal, and Proposals.” Bulletin of Peace Proposals 4, no. 1 (1973): 80–96. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44480206.
Fatahilah. “PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN NEGARA TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA INTERNASIONAL (STATE LIABILITY FOR INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL ACTS).” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Reusam 9, no. 2 (2021).
Gauger, Anja, Mai Pouye Rabatel-Fernel, Louise Kulbicki, Damien Short, and Polly Higgins. “The Ecocide Project ‘Ecocide Is the Missing 5th Crime Against Peace.’” London: Human Rights Consortium, University of London, 2012.
Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (Ipcc). Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.
International, Stop Ecocide. “Legal Definition of Ecocide Drafted by Independent Expert Panel.” Stop Ecocide International, June 2021. https://www.stopecocide.earth/legal-definition.
Kadelbach, Stefan. “Chapter II. Jus Cogens, Obligations Erga Omnes and Other Rules - the Identification of Fundamental Norms.” Brill, 2006. https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789047417828/Bej.9789004149816.i-472_003.xml.
Kotzé, Louis. “Constitutional Conversations in the Anthropocene: In Search of Environmental Jus Cogens Norms.” In Netherland Yearbook of International Law, 241–71. Springer, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-114-2_9.
McIntyre, Juliette. “Distinguishing International Court of Justice from Criminal Court.” Mirage News, August 1, 2024. https://www.miragenews.com/distinguishing-international-court-of-justice-1152439/.
Mehta, Jojo, and Julia Jackson. “To Stop Climate Disaster, Make Ecocide an International Crime. It’s the Only Way.” The Guardian, February 24, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/profile/jojo-mehta.
Minha, Donna. “The Proposed Definition of the Crime of Ecocide: An Important Step Forward, but Can Our Planet Wait?” EJIL: Talk! (blog), July 1, 2021. https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-proposed-definition-of-the-crime-of-ecocide-an-important-step-forward-but-can-our-planet-wait/.
Nation, United. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, United Nations § (1969).
Olovsson, Conny, and David Vestin. “Greenflation?” SVERIGES RIKSBANK WORKING PAPER SERIES. Stockholm, May 2023.
Palarczyk, Danuta. “Ecocide Before the International Criminal Court: Simplicity Is Better Than an Elaborate Embellishment.” Criminal Law Forum 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 147–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-023-09453-z.
Proedrou, Filippos, and Maria Pournara. “Exploring Representations of Climate Change as Ecocide: Implications for Climate Policy.” Climate Policy, June 28, 2024, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2368859.
Research, CNBC Indonesia. “Lengkap! Pengertian Greenflation, Penyebab dan Contohnya.” CNBC Indonesia, 2024. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20240122083415-128-507842/lengkap-pengertian-greenflation-penyebab-dan-contohnya.
Sefriani, Sefriani. Hukum Internasional Suatu Pengantar. 2nd ed. Jakarta: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2010.
Simma, Bruno, and Philip Alston. “The Sources of Human Rights Law : Custom, Jus Cogens, and General Principles.” The Australian Year Book of International Law Online 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1992). https://doi.org/10.1163/26660229-012-01-900000007.
Sziebig, Orsolya Johanna. “The Crime of Ecocide through Human Rights Approach: The ‘Universal’ Right to a Healthy Environment as a Driving Force Calling for Ecocide Legislation.” Acta Humana 12, no. 2 (June 27, 2024): 75–89. https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2024.2.5.
Verma, Shreya, and Pragita Gupta. “India as Green Economy,” 2022. https://www.aranca.com/.
Vorster, J. M. “Ecocide, the Integrity of Creation and the Rights of the next Generation.” Verbum et Ecclesia 26, no. 3 (October 3, 2005): 867–90. https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v26i3.255.
Westra, Laura. Ecoviolence and the Law: Supranational Normative Foundation of Ecocrime. First Edition. Leiden Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2004.
Whiteman, Marjorie M. “Jus Cogens in International Law, with a Projected List.” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law 7 (1977): 609–26.
Downloads
Published
Article ID
23532Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Go Lisanawati, Yaries Mahardika putro, Yusuf Ibrahim Arowosaiye (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All writings published in this journal are the personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions. Author(s) retain copyrights under the license of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0).
