Development and Effectiveness of a Reaction Light-Based Hand-Eye Coordination Training Module in Badminton Athletes

Abstract

Despite the growing demand for effective and measurable training methods in sports, coordination training in badminton is still largely dominated by conventional approaches that lack variability and objective evaluation. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a reaction light-based hand-eye coordination training module for badminton athletes. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using an embedded mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative and qualitative data. The effectiveness of the module was assessed using a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 12 badminton athletes. The results showed a significant improvement in athletes’ performance (p < 0.05), indicating that the developed module effectively enhances hand-eye coordination. The use of dynamic and randomized visual stimuli through reaction light technology enables a more adaptive, responsive, and measurable training process. These findings highlight the importance of integrating perceptual-motor principles into structured training programs. This study concludes that the developed module provides an innovative, practical, and data-driven approach to improving badminton performance while bridging the gap between sport science theory and real-world training application.