Implementation of PBL Assisted by Audio-Visual Media to Improve Rhythmic Gymnastics Learning Outcomes among Tenth-Grade Students of SMKN 7 Semarang

Abstract

This study aimed to improve students’ learning outcomes in rhythmic gymnastics through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by audio-visual media in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning. The study was motivated by the low achievement of students who had not met the established learning mastery criteria. This Classroom Action Research employed the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages conducted in two cycles. The participants were 35 students of Class X TE 1 at SMK Negeri 7 Semarang during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through learning outcome assessments covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, supported by observation and documentation. The results showed a consistent improvement in learning outcomes. The mean score increased from 67.4 in the pre-cycle stage to 75.8 in Cycle I and 84.6 in Cycle II, while learning mastery improved from 42.9% to 71.4% and reached 91.4% in Cycle II. These findings demonstrate that PBL assisted by audio-visual media effectively enhances students’ understanding and performance in rhythmic gymnastics. Therefore, this approach can be recommended as an effective instructional strategy in PJOK learning.