Rekonstruksi Metodologis Hukum: Diversifikasi dan Integrasi Penelitian Hukum Normatif (Doktrinal), Empiris (Non-Doktrinal), dan Studi Sosio-Legal
Legal Methodological Reconstruction: Diversification and Integration of Normative (Doctrinal), Empirical (Non-Doctrinal), and Socio-Legal Research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/ipmhi.v5i2.41599Keywords:
Metodologi Hukum, Penelitian Doktrinal, Penelitian Non-Doktrinal, Sosio-Legal, Integrasi MetodologisAbstract
Ilmu hukum kontemporer kini tengah berhadapan dengan "kecemasan epistemologis," sebuah situasi di mana dikotomi kaku antara kubu normatif (doktrinal) dan empiris tidak lagi memadai untuk membedah kompleksitas tantangan global. Artikel ini bertujuan mengurai kebuntuan tersebut dengan mendekonstruksi sekat-sekat biner usang dan menawarkan kerangka metodologis yang lebih integratif. Melalui penelusuran literatur konseptual, studi ini merekonstruksi taksonomi penelitian hukum ke dalam tiga varian distingtif dengan fungsi yang saling melengkapi: (1) Penelitian doktrinal yang menjaga koherensi logika internal sistem hukum; (2) Penelitian empiris yang memverifikasi realitas faktual melalui instrumen kuantitatif; dan (3) Studi sosio-legal yang menyelami makna intersubjektif serta relasi kuasa melalui pendekatan kualitatif mendalam. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa validitas penelitian tidak ditentukan oleh fanatisme terhadap satu mazhab, melainkan oleh ketepatan metode dalam menjawab pertanyaan penelitian yang menegaskan prinsip bahwa metodologi harus tunduk pada substansi. Sebagai simpulan, masa depan kesarjanaan hukum menuntut adanya "bilingualisme intelektual": kemampuan peneliti untuk fasih menjembatani teks normatif dan realitas sosial demi melahirkan kebijakan hukum yang berbasis bukti (evidence-based policy).
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