Curcuma caesia Extract-Based Nanoparticle Formulation in Antibacterial Shampoo Against Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis Bacteria

Abstract

Curcuma caesia  shows promise as a medicinal plant due to its bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids, which contribute to its antibacterial activity. Based on this antibacterial effect, the shampoo formulation was created with variations in the concentration of C.caesia nanoparticles at 10%, 15%, 20%. The shampoo preparation was tested for physical-chemical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, pH levels, viscosity, foam height, and a physical stability test using the cycling-test method. Antibacterial activity tests were then conducted on S.aureus and S.epidermidis, followed by preliminary dermal toxicity tests on test animals, such as mice. The results of the physical-chemical properties test indicated that the preparation met the criteria for a good shampoo. The particle size test of C.caesia extract revealed a size of 229.3 nm. The variation in C.caesia nanoparticle showed differences,as the concentration increased, the color produced was more intense organoleptically, the pH level rose, the viscosity value decreased, and the foam production increased.  C.caesia extract nanoparticles, used as an active ingredient in shampoo, demonstrate antibacterial properties. The inhibition zones measured against S.aureus were:F1 at 8.41 mm (moderate), F2 at 9.10 mm (moderate), and F3 at 11.16 mm (strong). Meanwhile, the diameters of the inhibition zones formed against S.epidermidis, namely F1,F2,and F3, were 10.19 (strong),10.45 (strong), and 11.00 (strong),respectively.