Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jda MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi {p-ISSN 2085-4277 | e-ISSN 2502-6224} is a peer-reviewed journal published twice a year by Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang collaborate with Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi is intended to be the journal for publishing articles reporting the results of research on accounting. Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi invites manuscripts in the various topics include, but not limited to, functional areas of International and financial accounting; Management and cost accounting; Tax; Auditing; Accounting information systems; Accounting education; Environmental and social accounting; Accounting for non-profit organisations; Public sector accounting; Corporate governance: accounting/finance; Ethical issues in accounting and financial reporting; Corporate finance; Investments, derivatives; Banking; Capital markets in emerging economies Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi is indexed by SINTA 2, DIMENSIONS, DOAJ, GARUDA SINTA Certificate 2016-2020, 2020-2025
Board of Directors and Firm Performance: Do Family and ForeignOwnership A Double-Edged Sword?
Purposes: This study aims to empirically prove the role of family and foreign ownership in moderating the influence of the board of directors on company performance. Methods: The analysis technique used is moderated regression analysis (MRA). The study was conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2022, with a total of 752 observations. Findings: The results of this study found that, empirically, gender and board size have a positive effect on a company’s financial performance. Family ownership does not increase the positive effect of gender and board size on a company’s financial performance. Foreign ownership increases the positive effect of gender and board size on a company’s financial performance. Novelty: This research makes a significant contribution to science, particularly in accounting. It analyzes and provides comprehensive empirical evidence on the relationship between family and foreign ownership, the board of directors, and firm performance, especially in the study model and an analytical approach that divides the period based on the COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords: Board of Directors, Family Ownership, Foreign Ownership, Corporate Financial Performance.
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The Effect of Corporate Governance on Environmental Disclosure: The Moderating Role of Profitability
Purposes: Profitability proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) is used to moderating empirical indicator assessed in this analyse to assess the influence of corporate governance systems on environmental disclosure. Corporate governance is implemented through five key indicators, there are managerial ownership, foreign ownership, frequency of board of commissioners meetings, and the proportion of independent directors. The main objective of this research is to examine the link between corporate governance and sustainability reporting levels, as well as the link between environmental disclosure activities and corporate earnings. Methods: Panel data regression analysis is applied in this study through EViews version 13. The model is considered effective when applying the Random Effect Model (REM) for sample estimation. The research sample consists of 42 Publicly listed property and real estate firms on the IDX, with a total of 168 units of analysis selected through purposive sampling. The data used are secondary data obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports published by the companies during the 2021–2024 period. Findings: Profitability proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) as an indicator of financial performance efficiency, has been proven to enhance the connection between managerial control and ecological information disclosure reporting. In contrast, two other governance indicators, namely the frequency of board of commissioners meetings and the proportion of independent directors, show a positive influence on disclosure practices. However, profitability does not moderate the relationship between foreign ownership, board meeting intensity, or the extent of independent representation on the board. Meanwhile, the two forms of ownership, managerial ownership as internal control and foreign ownership as a representation of external influence, do not demonstrate a notable impact on environmental reporting policies. Novelty: This study contributes by introducing a novel approach to analyzing moderating variables through profitability. The analysis offers new insights, suggesting that the effectiveness of governance instruments in supporting environmental disclosure policies is contingent upon corporate financial results. Keywords: Environmental Disclosure, Frequency of Board of Commissioners Meetings, Foreign Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Profitability, Proportion of Independent Board Members.
Frequency of Board of Commissioners Meetings
Do reputable university CEOs disclose more? Evidence from audit fee transparency in Indonesia
Purposes: This study examines the relationship between the educational background of CEOs from reputable universities, as measured by QS World University rankings, and audit fee disclosure, a key aspect of effective corporate governance. Methods: The sample was taken from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), totaling 3,698 firm-year observations over the period 2010-2020. Logistic regression (OLS) methods, supported by robustness tests with firm and industry fixed effects, were used to analyze the research topic. Findings: The results indicate a significant positive relationship between the CEO’s reputable educational background and audit fee disclosure. This is reinforced by robustness test results that verify the effect through Heckman Two-Stage Regression and Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) regression tests. These results suggest that the principles of transparent and ethical leadership are more deeply ingrained in reputable universities, leading their graduates to be more motivated to disclose audit fees. Novelty: This study provides new insights into how the human capital attribute, namely reputable education, can encourage corporate financial disclosure in emerging markets. This research focuses on the role of leadership quality, as measured by educational background, and its influence on audit fee information disclosure. The study contributes to research discussing executive characteristics, corporate governance, and audit disclosure.
Nature of Industry and Auditor Changes Influencing Fraudulent Financial Statements: Financial Stability as a Moderator
Purposes: This study examines the relationship between the nature of industry and auditor changes on fraudulent financial statements. In addition, this study uses financial stability as a moderating variable in the relationship between the nature of industry, auditor changes, and fraudulent financial statements. Methods: This study uses technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020-2023, with a total analysis unit of 111. This study uses Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with Eviews. Findings: The study's results indicate that the nature of industry and auditor changes positively affect fraudulent financial statements. In addition, financial stability moderates the relationship between the nature of the industry and fraudulent financial statements. However, financial stability cannot moderate the relationship between audit changes and fraudulent financial statements. Novelty: To the best of the researcher's knowledge, this is the first research that uses financial stability as a moderator in the framework of the relationship between the nature of industry and auditor changes on fraudulent financial statements
Effective Monitoring as a Shield Against Financial Statement Fraud: A Case of Overvalued Equity in Indonesian Public Companies
Abstract Purposes: This study investigates how overvalued equity affects the occurrence of financial statement fraud in Indonesia and also examines the need for companies to uphold financial statement integrity effectively. Methods: This study applies a quantitative method to analyze 387 data units from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (2017 to 2019). The logistic and moderation regression analyses are applied to investigate the roles of effective monitoring, proxied by audit committee and audit tenure, in the research model. Findings: Research results revealed that overvalued equity significantly increases the likelihood of financial statement fraud, and that the audit committee can moderate its impact. Novelty: This study addresses a critical gap in the literature by examining the impact of overvalued equity on financial statement fraud in the Indonesian context. Unlike prior research that focuses on developed markets, this study explores the moderating roles of effective monitoring and provides new insights into its effectiveness in mitigating fraud risks. Furthermore, grounded in agency theory, this research advances our understanding of governance mechanisms in emerging markets and offers practical implications for regulators and corporate governance practices. Keywords: Financial Statement Fraud, Overvalued Equity, Effective Monitoring, Audit Committee, Audit Tenure, Corporate Governance
Carbon Emissions Disclosure in Moderating Managerial Ownership and Political Connections towards Tax Aggressiveness
Purposes: This study aims to provide empirical evidence on Carbon Emissions Disclosure (CED) in mediating the relationship between Managerial Ownership and Political Connections, namely Managerial Characteristics, towards Tax Aggressiveness in Indonesia. Methods: The analysis was conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019-2022, excluding the financial, technology, and property sectors. Findings: The results show that Managerial Ownership significantly influenced Tax Aggressiveness as the managers with ownership tend to be more aggressive in reducing taxes to increase profits. However, Political Connections do not affect substantially Tax Aggressiveness behavior. CED negatively impacted tax payments but did not moderate the relationship between Managerial Ownership or Political Connections toward Tax Aggressiveness. Novelty: The study uniquely observes how companies and managers respond to these nascent regulations, even before full implementation, and highlights the emerging role of carbon emissions disclosure as a new factor influencing corporate tax strategies, providing specific insights from the Indonesian setting. This research presents significant novelty by investigating the relationship between managerial characteristics (managerial ownership and political connections) and tax aggressiveness, specifically moderated by carbon emissions disclosure, within the unique context of Indonesia's newly implemented and evolving carbon regulations. The study uniquely observes how companies and managers respond to these nascent regulations, even before full implementation, and highlights the emerging role of carbon emissions disclosure as a new factor influencing corporate tax strategies, providing specific insights from the Indonesian setting
The Impact of ESG Performance and Financial Constraint on Tax Avoidance: Evidence from ASEAN 5
Purposes: This study examines the relationship between ESG performance, financial constraints, and corporate tax avoidance. It investigates whether ESG performance reduces tax avoidance by promoting socially responsible practices and whether financial constraints lead to increased tax avoidance as a strategy to generate internal funds. Specifically, it seeks to assess how ESG practices and financial constraints influence tax avoidance behavior among publicly listed firms in ASEAN countries. Various determinants of tax avoidance have been identified in the literature; however, ESG performance and financial constraints have received less attention in association with tax avoidance from a regional perspective in a group of countries with similar yet diverse institutional contexts, such as ASEAN. It offers new insights into these relationships in a multi-country, emerging market setting. Methods: Using an unbalanced panel dataset of 242 publicly listed companies in ASEAN-5 over the 2019–2023 period with generalized least squares (GLS) regression. Findings: ESG performance is negatively associated with tax avoidance, as evidenced by higher Effective Tax Rate (ETR). Additionally, firms facing financial constraints exhibit a positive relation- ship with tax avoidance, leading to lower ETR. Financially constrained companies are hindered in accessing external funds, thus pursuing aggressive tax planning strategies to generate additional internal funds. Novelty: This study contributes to the literature by extending the understanding of tax avoidance behavior in emerging markets and at a regional level. It provides empirical evidence from the ASEAN market, which has been underrepresented in prior studies.
Taxpayer Compliance Based on Tax Socialization Mediated by Taxpayer Awareness: Behavioral Approach
Purposes: The purpose of the research is to test a taxpayer compliance model where taxpayer awareness mediates the tax socialization they receive. The research results provide strategic policy recommendations to the government regarding effective tax socialization to build voluntary compliance. Methods: The population is MSME taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Madiun. A sample of 130 respondents was obtained through incidental sampling. Data collection used a questionnaire-based survey filled out by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) actors. Smart Partial Least Square (Smart-PLS) to analyze mediation regression models. The relationship between variables is explained using a behavioral theory approach. Findings: Socialization increases taxpayer compliance directly and through taxpayer awareness. These results strengthen the government's efforts to increase taxpayer awareness through quality, effective, intensive, and sustainable tax socialization and education. Taxpayer awareness is expected to encourage voluntary compliance. Novelty: Similar studies have been conducted before, but not for MSMEs in Madiun City. We include the indicator of “compliance in reporting Tax Returns (SPT)” which is often overlooked by other studies in measuring taxpayer compliance. Several groups of MSMEs with income below a certain limit are not required to pay taxes but are still required to report SPT.
Carbon Emission Disclosure, Carbon Performance, and Firm Value: Exploring Intellectual Capital’s Role
Purposes: This study investigates the impact of carbon emission disclosure and carbon performance on firm value, with intellectual capital as a moderating variable. The research addresses the increasing importance of sustainability disclosures and their effect on corporate valuation, particularly in the mining sector, which significantly contributes to global carbon emissions. Methods: This research employs a quantitative method by examining data from 63 mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2020–2023. Through purposive sampling, 34 companies were selected, resulting in 94 observations. The data were analyzed using unbalanced panel data regression with the help of STATA software. Findings: The results show that carbon emission disclosure negatively impacts firm value, while carbon performance positively influences firm value. However, intellectual capital does not moderate the relationship between carbon emission disclosure, carbon performance, and firm value. Novelty: This research highlights the limited role of intellectual capital in enhancing the effects of sustainability practices on firm value, providing new insights into its integration within corporate strategies. It emphasizes the need for companies and policymakers to optimize intellectual capital utilization in sustainability practices to improve corporate value. Future studies could explore other industries or incorporate additional moderating variables for a more comprehensive analysis.
Governance and Management Accounting: Board Size, Environmental Committee, and Audit Committee on Environmental Performance
Purposes: This research explores how the board and environmental committee impact environmental performance in Indonesia, with the audit committee serving as a moderating factor. Methods: The study draws data from annual reports of mining and manufacturing firms for the period 2019-2023. Thus, the total panel data in this study is 115 analysis units. This study uses Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA) with SPSS 26. Findings: Environmental disclosure is a key metric to assess environmental performance. Therefore, this study finds that the board’s influence on environmental disclosure is not statistically significant. Then, the environmental disclosure could moderate the impact of the environmental committee on environmental disclosure. This study reveals that audit committees weaken the interaction between environmental committees and environmental disclosure. However, the audit committee failed to moderate the interaction between the board and environmental disclosure. Novelty: The high demands of society for environmental disclosure have put pressure on companies. As a result, companies take various inappropriate actions by presenting environmental disclosures that do not follow corporate behavior. Based on this background, this study investigates how corporate performance and corporate governance practices, including the board, environmental commit- tee, and audit committee. This study is essential because the audit committee is critical in improving good corporate governance.
The Influence of CEO's Education Level and Accounting Professional Background on Financial Slack
Purposes: This study examines the influence of the CEO's education level and accounting background on financial slack, providing insights into how executive characteristics shape economic decisions. Methods: The research uses data from non-financial public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022, covering 1,001 firm-year observations. The study employs multiple linear regression analysis to assess the relationship between CEO characteristics and financial slack, controlling for firm-specific and macroeconomic factors. Findings: The results show that the CEO's education level does not significantly affect financial slack. On the contrary, this study finds that CEOs with an accounting background can reduce financial slack. Novelty: This research supports the upper echelons theory, which argues that top executives' characteristics influence strategic decisions. Specifically, CEOs with an accounting background shape financial slack decisions. The findings offer valuable insights for companies on accounting qualifications when hiring CEOs during crises, emphasizing financial slack as crucial for sustaining survival and growth. Additionally, this research aids investors in assessing corporate leadership for better investment decisions, contributing to corporate governance discussions on financial strategies and executive decision-making in uncertain economic conditions.
Accounting Professional Background of CEO
The Effect of Chief Executive Officer Demographics and Psychological Traits on Tax Aggressiveness in Indonesia
Purposes: This study examines the influence of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) characteristics on tax aggressiveness, framed within the Upper Echelon Theory, which emphasizes the role of top executives in shaping organizational outcomes. This research explores how CEO demographics and psychological traits such as gender diversity, generation, narcissism, facial masculinity, education, and nationality affect corporate tax behavior in Indonesia, addressing gaps in the literature on leadership traits and tax policy. Methods: The study employs quantitative methods, utilizing regression analysis on data collected from publicly listed companies in Indonesia to test the formulated hypotheses. Findings: The empirical results indicate that tax aggressiveness is significantly positively impacted by the CEO’s educational background, gender diversity, and face masculinity. According to the Upper Echelons Theory, these findings demonstrate how executive demographic and psychological characteristics influence business tax practices. In contrast, the data indicate that tax aggression is not substantially affected by narcissism, nationality, or generation of the CEO. These findings imply that all CEO features do not equally influence aggressive tax behavior and that certain traits may be more critical in strategic decision-making than others. Novelty: This study contributes to the literature by integrating psychological and demographic CEO traits in the context of corporate tax aggressiveness within the framework of upper-echelon theory as a grand theory, focusing on underexplored attributes like facial masculinity and narcissism. By situating the research within Indonesia, it addresses a significant gap in emerging market studies and provides actionable insights for leadership selection and tax compliance policies.
The Role of Triple Bottom Line in Improving Firm Value through Good Corporate Governance
Purposes: This study analyzes the influence of good corporate governance on company value, using the triple bottom line as an intervening variable. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach, using research data in the form of secondary data from annual reports and sustainability reports. The population is companies with the Kompas 100 index for the 2020-2023 period . The sampling technique used is non-random sampling with a purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique is multiple linear regression analysis. Findings: This study’s results indicate that the independent board of commissioners and the audit committee positively and significantly affect Firm Value. The triple bottom line can mediate this relationship. Novelty: This study is unique in adding a new variable, the triple bottom line, as a mediating variable between good corporate governance and firm value. Previous studies have yet to examine the variables of good corporate governance, triple bottom line, and Firm Value directly. Therefore, this study wants to explore the three variables together.
ESG, Financial Performance, and the Moderating Role of ESG Controversies
Purposes: This study aims to examine the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance and financial performance (FP) and examine the relationship between ESG Controversies (ESGC) and FP, either directly or through moderation roles. Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with random effect panel data regression and secondary data obtained from Refinitive-Datastream. The sample in this study was 175 observations of non-financial sector companies on the IDX during 2019-2023. Findings: The study showed that ESG performance had a significant positive relationship with Tobin’s Q. However, subsequent findings found that ESGC had no significant relationship with FP, directly or through interactions with Tobin’s Q. Novelty: This study provides new insights by filling in the gaps in previous research that examined the direct relationship between ESG, ESGC, and FP. This study will consider how the moderation role of ESGC or negative issues can affect the relationship in the context of the Indonesian market. However, with the limited sample covering Indonesia, the study results are difficult to generalize globally. Further, this study suggests expanding the sample to other sectors or companies in other countries to improve generalizations.
Analysis the Impact of Covid-19 on Green Accounting and Its Implications on Profitability
Purposes: This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the adoption of green accounting and its consequences for profitability in the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2022. Methods: This study utilizes panel data regression analysis conducted with EViews 13 software. The COVID-19 variable is examined both before and during the epidemic. Green accounting measures environmental performance and disclosure, whereas ROA represents profitability. Purposive sampling chose 21 companies that met the given criteria, yielding 86 observations. Findings: The study shows that COVID-19 impacts environmental performance and transparency but has no meaningful impact on profitability. Furthermore, neither environmental performance nor environmental disclosure affects profitability. These results suggest that companies recognize the importance of integrating environmental performance into their operations, including waste management and the efficient use of natural resources, even though these efforts are not directly linked to profitability. This awareness enables companies to anticipate and mitigate the impacts of the pandemic. Furthermore, public ownership, as a control variable, does not significantly influence environmental performance, environmental disclosure, or profitability. Novelty: This study uses COVID-19 variables based on variants according to the research period, namely the Delta variant, the Alpha variant, and the Omicron variant. There has never been a similar study that includes COVID-19 data divided into COVID-19 variants. The next difference is that the Performance and Environmental Disclosure variables function as both Y variables and X variables (intervening). In addition, this study also uses a control variable, namely public ownership.
The Impact of Good Corporate Governance and Financial Technology Innovation on Indonesian Bank Financial Performance
Purposes: This study intends to explore the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and financial technology innovation on the financial performance of the banking sector in Indonesia. The existence of the board of directors and board of commissioners measures GCG. The extent to which the digital services provided by banks to customers will measure financial technology innovation. Methods: This study intends to explore the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and financial technology innovation on the financial performance of the banking sector in Indonesia. The existence of the board of directors and board of commissioners measures GCG. The extent to which the digital services provided by banks to customers will measure financial technology innovation. Findings: The findings demonstrate that the composition of the independent board of commissioners can play a significant role in the financial performance of Indonesian banks, particularly in terms of Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Financial technology innovation can determine ROE significantly, even in a negative direction. In addition, the size of the bank can determine ROA and ROE significantly and positively. The implications of the study show that the role of GCG mechanisms still has not had a significant impact on the financial performance of banks in Indonesia. Therefore, the role and function of GCG will be optimized for implementation. Likewise, financial technology innovation still cannot play a significant role in the short term. Novelty: The novel aspect of this study is the inclusion of financial technology innovation as a variable, which is crucial for banks to sustain performance during the pandemic and navigate the rapid advancements in financial technology. Banks must deliver quick and accurate services to their customers.
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Enhancing Firm Value through Green Accounting and Environmental Performance: The Mediating Effect of Profitability
Purposes: With profitability acting as the mediating variable, the study’s objective is to evaluate the impact of implementing green accounting and its environmental implications on firm value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2020 and 2022. Methods: The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach. The research sample was 171 cases. Data analysis was performed using path analysis using Eviews 10, and the Sobel test was used to conduct the mediation test. Findings: This study indicates that green accounting and environmental performance impact can enhance firms’ value. Employing green accounting practices and improving environmental performance impact enhances profitability. The greater the profit, the higher the firm’s value. Profitability may play a role in determining the effect of green accounting and environmental performance impact on firm value. Novelty: This research supports the idea that profitability can be a mediator in understanding the effect of green accounting and environmental performance impact on the firm value of Indonesian industries listed on stock exchanges. Profitability as a mediating variable requires further investigation, as green accounting practices and improved environmental performance impact can increase operational efficiency, reduce costs, and ultimately improve a business’s profitability. Increased profit makes a company more valuable to investors and other stakeholders.
Assessing Zakat Management Accountability in Semarang’s State HigherEducation Institutions: A Research Methodology
Purposes: The research examines the importance, accountability, and transparency of professional zakat management within State Higher Education (SHEs) in Semarang. Methods: This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach to analyze the accountability of professional zakat management in state higher education institutions in Semarang, using interviews, document analysis, and the Islamic Accountability Framework emphasizing Sharia compliance, transparency, effectiveness, and stakeholder engagement. Findings: It emphasizes the need for professional management to adhere to regulatory and institutional standards. In Semarang, UPZ UNDIP and UPZ UIN are registered with UPZ BAZNAS and comply with governance regulations. Their accountability aligns with BAZNAS standards, ensuring procedural compliance and responsive public services. However, these institutions do not fully implement PSAK 109 zakat accounting standards in their financial reporting, indicating a need for a Sharia Auditor to maintain accountability quality. Transparency remains a challenge as these institutions fail to disclose complete information. Adequate transparency establishes a perception of competence, honesty, and confidence in UPZs. The study suggests utilizing innovative digital technology to present precise information and meet the demands of the disruption era 4.0, ensuring the public can access comprehensive and transparent data. Novelty: This research bridges a novelty by focusing on professional zakat management accountability within state higher education institutions in Semarang. This focus on professionalism and the specific context can provide valuable insights for improved practices.
The Managerial and Government Ownership Effect on Dividend Policy: The Moderating Role of Investment Opportunities
Purpose: This study investigates agency conflicts related to dividend policy within corporate companies, focusing on managerial ownership and government ownership. Methods: Using a quantitative approach, the study employs multiple linear regression and moderation regression analyses. Data from 89 observations of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019 are analyzed to examine the relationships between ownership structures and dividend policy, and the moderating role of investment opportunities. Results: The findings indicate that managerial ownership negatively influences dividend policy, with investment opportunities failing to moderate this negative effect. Conversely, government ownership positively impacts dividend policy, but investment opportunities weaken this positive effect. These results underscore the distinct impacts of managerial and government ownership on dividend policies within SOEs. Novelty: This research offers new insights into agency conflicts and dividend policies of SOEs, a less explored area in corporate finance. It highlights the moderating role of investment opportunities, adding a unique perspective to the understanding of these relationships. However, the study is limited by its sample size, focusing only on publicly listed SOEs, while most SOEs have not gone public. Further research is necessary to fully understand agency conflicts in corporate financial relations across a broader range of SOEs.
Does Institutional Ownership Moderate the Effect of Transfer Pricing and Sales Growth on Tax Avoidance?
Purposes: This study examines the role of institutional ownership in moderating the effect of transfer pricing and sales growth on corporate tax avoidance of companies in Indonesia's food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing sector. Method: This study selected samples purposively, which resulted in 12 sample companies. We observed the financial reports from each company twice a year from 2015 to 2022, so the total panel data in this study was 192 (12 x 16). Then, this study employs a random effect estimator within a moderation model framework to analyze those data. Findings: This study found that sales growth and institutional ownership increase corporate tax avoidance. However, transfer pricing does not affect corporate tax avoidance. This study uncovers the double-edged sword role of institutional ownership in corporate tax avoidance practices. On the one hand, institutional ownership reduces the effect of transfer pricing on corporate tax avoidance. On the other hand, a company's high institutional ownership could exacerbate corporate tax avoidance caused by increased sales growth. It means that the institutional investor's primary orientation is dividend profits rather than increasing reputation and company value. It urges policymakers to increase the awareness of institutional investors and company managers in the context of corporate tax compliance. Novelty: As far as we know, our study was the first to employ institutional ownership as a moderator variable in the relationship between transfer pricing and sales growth on corporate tax avoidance.
Determining Factors that Affect Tax Professional’s Ethics Intention
Purpose: This study aims to forecast the inclinations of tax professionals to engage in ethical conduct within their work setting, by examining the impact of their immediate social circle, personal attitudes, and organizational support. Method: The study utilizes a sample of individuals, both as tax consultant business owners and tax professionals working in a company. Data collection was conducted by distributing questionnaires through Google Forms. A total of 90 questionnaires were analyzed using Partial Least Squares. Findings: The findings of this study identify that perceived organizational support and subjective norm has a role in influencing the ethical intentions of tax professionals. Furthermore, it is proven that the attitude of tax professionals can mediate the impact of perceived organizational support on ethical intentions. In fact, the role of attitude, influenced by subjective norm, has a greater influence on enhancing the ethical intentions of tax professionals compared to the absence of subjective norm without the role of attitude aspect. The variable in question exhibits an inverse relationship with perceived organizational support, wherein the latter exerts a more significant impact independent of attitude mediation. Novelty: This research is beneficial for regulators and professional associations as regulators to systematically enhance integrated organizational support within the work environment to influence the ethical intention of tax professionals.
Subjective Norm, Perceived Organizational Risk, Attitude, Ethical Intention, Tax Professional
Factors Affecting Indonesian Corporate Risk
Purpose: To investigate how political relations, sustainability performance, and information quality affect company tax risk in Indonesia, as well as how corporate governance influences these three variables moderatingly. Method: The research examined a sample of 41 manufacturing companies that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021. Purposive sampling is the approach utilized for data collection, and panel data moderation regression is the analytical tool. Findings: The results show that sustainability performance and corporate governance have a negative effect on tax risk, while political relations and the quality of internal information have no effect on tax risk. Corporate governance as a moderator is unable to strengthen the negative influence of political relations, sustainability performance, or the quality of internal information on tax risk. Novelty: There is not much previous research that examines tax risk, while some research has used tax risk as an independent influencing factor. Tax risk is rarely studied due to the lack of previous research and issues that come to the surface.
Does The Productivity of Companies Affected by Employee Stock Option Plans and Intellectual Capital?
Purposes: This study tries to identify the impact of intellectual capital and employee stock option plans on company productivity. Productivity is measured with The Malmquist Productivity Index which is intended to measure the efficiency of companies. Measurement of intellectual capital using Value Added Intellectual Capital determined by human capital efficiency, structural capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency. Methods: This research uses a quantitative approach, and data collection is carried out through secondary data. The research sample was taken from 60 companies with 180 observation data from the financial industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2021, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The multiple regression analysis method is used to examine the relationship between intellectual capital, employee stock option plans, and company productivity. Findings: The results imply that human capital, structural capital, capital employ and employee stock option plans have impact on company productivity. Therefore, a dominant factor affecting company productivity is human resources. The implementation of share ownership schemes for employees has not been widely used in businesses that operate in the Indonesian financial industry sector. Novelty: The advantage of the Malmquist Productivity Index on the financial industry when compared to others is that it does not require assumptions of corporate behavior as applied in the Data Envelopment Analysis methods such as minimizing costs or maximizing profits. The Malmquist Productivity Index can specifically assess the productivity of each company unit. This research became very interesting because the productivity measured by the Malmquist Index in the finance industry was influenced by structural capital and human capital.
Malmquist Productivity Index, Intellectual Capital, Employee Stock Option.
Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility between Green Accounting and Sustainable Development Goals
Purposes: This study aims to test and analyze the impact of CSR on SDGs, Green Accounting's link with SDGs, and CSR's moderating effect on this relationship. Next, it will test and analyze company value as a mediating variable in the relationship between Green Accounting and CSR. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach. The data included in this study comprises secondary sources, including annual reports and sustainability reports of energy transportation and logistics companies that were listed on the IDX and maintained on corporate websites between 2017 and 2021. This research uses WarpPLS 7.0 software for hypothesis testing and analyzing statistical data. The population of this research is companies that contribute the most significant greenhouse gas emissions in Indonesia. Purposive sampling resulted in a total of 380 samples. Data was collected from annual and sustainability reports from 76 energy, transportation, and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2017-2021. Data were processed and analyzed using WarpPLS 7.0 software. Findings: The results of this study show that green accounting has a positive effect on SDGs, and CSR has a significantly positive impact on SDGs. Furthermore, CSR can strengthen the influence of green accounting on the SDGs, and company value can mediate the relationship between green accounting and CSR. Novelty: This research contributes to placing CSR as a moderating variable in the relationship between green accounting and SDGs and placing company value as a mediating variable in the relationship between green accounting and CSR in energy transportation and logistics sector companies in Indonesia.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Accounting, Sustainable Development Goals, Firm Value.
Auditor’s Professional Skepticism and Experience on Fraud Detection: The Moderating Role of Professional Ethical Commitment
Purposes: This study aims to examine the effect of professional skepticism and experience on auditor’s ability to detect fraud, as well as investigate whether professional ethical commitment can moderate the two independent variables. Methods: This study utilized a sample comprising 163 government internal auditors who were employed at 13 Regency/City Inspectorates within the province of South Kalimantan and had completed a questionnaire. Testing was conducted using the PLS regression method. Findings: This study found that professional skepticism and experience had a positive effect on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud, but professional ethical commitment did not moderate the two independent variables on the dependent variable. This research is expected to be taken into consideration in terms of auditor accountability in detecting fraud in local government agencies. Novelty: This research contributes to the theory related to auditor behavior in decision-making, specifically the attribution theory, as it involves a combination of internal and external factors in an individual’s behavior, in this case, internal auditors. The originality of this research lies in the use of professional ethical commitment as a moderating variable to strengthen the influence of professional skepticism and auditor experience on the auditor’s ability to detect fraud.
Professional Skepticism, Auditor Experience, Ethics, Fraud.
The Effect of Auditor Quality and Remote Audit on Audit Quality in Indonesia: Moderating Role of Information Technology
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of audit quality and remote audit on audit quality. In addition, this study will also consider the moderating effect of information technology on the effect of auditor quality and remote audit on audit quality. Method: The population of this study were auditors of the Supreme Audit Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Representative of Riau Province. The sample of this research is all auditors in the agency because it uses a saturated sample technique, with 68 respondents. The hypothesis testing used is partial least square (PLS). Findings: The results of this study found that professional scepticism, auditor competence, and remote auditing have a significant positive effect on audit quality. Furthermore, information technology strengthens the effect of auditor professional scepticism on audit quality. However, there is no evidence information technology can strengthen the effect of competence and remote audit on audit quality. Novelty: This study broadens the literature discussing the effect of auditor and remote auditor qualifications and audit quality by considering the moderating role of information technology. This study will provide a new perspective, especially on remote audits, which are still rarely discussed.
Auditor Quality, Remote Audit, Audit Quality, Information Technology, Indonesia.
Mitigation of Tax Aggressiveness through Good Corporate Governance Company’s Website and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence-Concentrated Ownership Companies
Purposes: This study aims to briefly prove the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), the Company’s Website, and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) on tax aggressiveness. This study looks at businesses with a high ownership concentration level with the potential to expropriate minority ownership. Methods: Purposive judgment sampling with multiple regression analysis was applied to a sample of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Findings: The findings reveal that GCG has a significant effect on Tax aggressiveness, while CSR disclosure activities also hurt tax aggressiveness. This evidence also proves that CSR activities carried out by the Company consistently reduce corporate tax aggressiveness. However, the Company’s website has no discernible impact on tax aggressiveness. Novelty: This study differs from previous studies because it considers Indonesia’s weak investor protection and concentrated ownership structures. There is a lack of prior studies on concentrated ownership companies and the relationship between good corporate governance, corporate social responsibility disclosure, and company websites on tax aggressiveness.
Corporate Social responsibility Disclosure
The Role of Auditor Independence, Professionalism, Skepticism, and Organizational Culture on Auditor Performance
Purposes: This study aims to examine the role of internal and external factors in auditor performance. This study uses auditor independence, professionalism, and skepticism as internal factors and organizational culture as external factors. Methods: Drawing on the attribution theory to develop and test the hypotheses, this study conducts a survey method using an electronic questionnaire to collect data. The respondents are auditors working in the Big Four public accounting firms. Data are analyzed using multiple linear regression models. Findings: The results show that auditor independence, professionalism, skepticism, and organizational culture positively influence auditor performance. These findings confirmed the attribution theory that dispositional attribution and situational attribution play a key role in individual attributions, namely auditor performance. Novelty: This study contributes to behavioral management accounting research, specifically the performance of auditors. Limited research still uses organizational culture as an external factor that may affect auditor performance. The attribution theory complements previous studies investigating the determinants influencing auditor performance, from internal (dispositional attributions) to external (situational attributions) factors.
The Impact of Organizational Commitment, Incentive, and Risk Reporting through Social Media on Whistleblowing Intention
Purposes: This study explores the impact of organizational commitment, incentives, and risks associated with reporting through social media on whistleblowing intentions. Methods: A quantitative survey approach was adopted to collect data from accounting, finance, and tax employees in 40 profit-oriented companies. The garnered data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis through SPSS version 26. Findings: Research results indicate that organizational commitment has a positive and significant influence on whistleblowing intentions, while incentives have been observed to have no significant effect. The risk variable for reporting via social media does not show a negative influence that can reduce whistleblowing motivation. Whistleblowing intentions continue to occur because of the high loyalty of respondents, which overrides the provision of incentives and the risk of threats. This research contributes to organizations by providing guidance on creating whistleblowing policies that promote positive reporting to reveal fraud and collar crime. Novelty: The study focuses on the increasing number of fraud cases, particularly corruption, in Indonesia and the importance of whistleblowing on social media to expose organizational violations. Employee perceptions regarding combining financial and non-financial incentives, and whistleblowing risks in social media are rarely discussed so it is explained in this study.
The Relationship between Family Ownership and Tax Avoidance: The Moderating Role of Business Ethical Commitment
Purposes: This study investigates the relationship between family ownership and tax avoidance, with business ethics commitment as a moderation. If well committed by the company, business ethics will improve the quality of decision-making in the business process and create ethical leadership that will carry an ethical practice. Methods: The study utilized regression analysis to examine the hypothesis in a sample of 110 companies listed on the IDX from 2016 to 2019. Findings: The results show that family-owned companies are not involved in tax avoidance and that a company’s commitment to business ethics can help reduce its tax avoidance practices. The interaction of business ethics commitment in family companies has no relationship with tax avoidance. This finding implies the importance of a company’s commitment to business ethics in running its business. Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, the nature of the relationship between business ethics commitment to tax avoidance and family ownership remains minimal. Thus, this study fills the research gap by further examining corporate tax avoidance practices determined by family ownership factors and testing the role of business ethics commitment with family ownership on tax avoidance.