JEJAK Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan starting in 2024 migrates from OJS 2 to OJS 3 to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jejak MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan [p-ISSN 1979-715X | e-ISSN 2460-5123] is a scientific journal that contains the results of research and theoretical studies in the field of economic development, especially on matters of economic policy in Indonesia was published by the Department of Economic Development, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Semarang and Indonesian Economics Bachelor Society. Nationally Accredited based on the Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Number 28/E/KPT/2019 Abstracting/Indexing: DIMENSION | SINTA | GARUDA | DOAJ
Higher Education Development Planning: Collaborative Strategies for Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Success
This study aims to identify strategies for improving the achievement of Key Performance Indicator (KPI) 2 related to the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program in the Management Study Program at Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES). KPI-2 focuses on increasing student participation in off-campus activities, such as internships, student exchange programs, and humanitarian projects. The study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing SWOT analysis and QSPM to examine both internal and external factors affecting the implementation of the MBKM program. The findings reveal that while the Management Study Program has a relevant curriculum and is supported by ministerial policies, challenges such as limited types of MBKM activities and competition with students from other universities remain obstacles. Based on the analysis, the integration of the MBKM program with faculty research project assistance activities is proposed as a strategy to enhance student participation. The implementation of this strategy is expected to improve the achievement of KPI-2 for the Management Program at UNNES and serve as a reference for other study programs in executing MBKM.
Energy Transition and The Impact of Biodiesel Development Policy on CPO Prices
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel with great potential to support energy transition in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the impact of the policy of developing biodiesel on CPO prices. Time series and secondary data from January 2015 to December 2023 were used in this research with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The dependent variable was the domestic CPO prices and the independent variable were the price of CPO in the international market, biodiesel production volume, exports of CPO and its processed products, price of palm cooking oil, export levies, export duties, CPO production volume, and the Rupiah exchange rate against the United States Dollar. The results in the short run was the domestic CPO prices were influenced positively and significantly by the volume of biodiesel production, the export volume of CPO and its processed products, and the price of palm cooking oil. In the long run, domestic CPO prices were significantly and positively influenced by international CPO prices and palm cooking oil prices. At the same time, export levy, CPO production volume, and the Rupiah exchange rate are significantly and negatively influenced. These results indicate that biodiesel production impacts the prices of biodiesel raw materials and cooking oil in the short run.
Tourism Industry Performance: The role of local government in West Nusa Tenggara
Mandalika is located on the south coast of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province, Indonesia, and is a major tourist destination in this area. Tourism is one of the drivers of NTB's regional economic growth. One of the main highlights of Mandalika is hosting the MotoGP racing series. Mandalika International Street Circuit was built in this area and became one of the first MotoGP race tracks in Indo-nesia. The government has an important role in promoting and marketing Mandalika tourist destinations. Through effective promotional campaigns, participation in tour-ism fairs, and cooperation with airlines and travel agencies, the government can increase Mandalika's visibility and attractiveness at national and international levels. However, some parties feel that the role of the government is still lacking in improving the performance of the tourism industry in the regions. This research was conducted in the Mandalikan tourist area and aims to analyze the role of the government in improving the performance of the tourism industry in the Mandalika tourist area. This study used quantitative methods. The sample in this study was 97 respondents. The results of this study found that the role of the government has improved the perfor-mance of the tourism industry in the Mandalika Area.
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Cash Waqf Scheme for Equitable Energy Transition in Indonesia’s Transport
Indonesia has significant challenges in funding its energy transition, which requires around US$30 billion over the next eight years. One of the main obstacles is the low government budget and human resource competency in realizing renewable energy to achieve affordability amid rising global energy prices. Islamic financing, particularly cash waqf from Sharia-based institutions, is thought to provide a potential solution. Cash waqf, in line with Islamic principles, generates up to IDR 180 trillion per year and supports the equitable use of renewable energy, especially in transportation. This study utilizes a qualitative descriptive method, through triangulation and comparative techniques. The findings highlight the important role of cash waqf in reducing costs and increasing accessibility to renewable energy for the community. Mechanisms that include cash waqf-based subsidies and innovative financing schemes can be tailored to the transportation sector. By integrating these approaches, Indonesia can reduce reliance on conventional subsidies while promoting inclusive participation in the energy transition. This research underscores cash waqf as a transformative tool, offering a scalable and Sharia-compliant strategy to advance sustainability and equity for policymakers to leverage Islamic finance in achieving a just energy transition, and engaging the role of human capital in managing its sustainability.
Innovative Funding, Cash Waqf, Transition Energy, Equitable energy, Transportation Sector
Copyright (c) 2025 JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan
Reflecting Best Practice on Vietnam, How to Develop Indonesia's National Electric Car Strategy
On May 14-17, 2024, the researcher had the opportunity to visit the factory and meet with the executive team of VinFast, Vietnam's national electric car. After a long discussion with Indonesian journalists and automotive content creators, the researcher concluded that Indonesia is far behind Vietnam in developing national electric cars. On that basis, the researcher want to conduct research to develop an electric car strategy from upstream to downstream. The research approach is qualitative with the travelouge method (Davey, 2023) and Design and Development Research (Richey & Klein, 2009, 2013) with direct observation data collection in Vietnam, interviews and studies of social media and mass media. The analysis and research procedures produced a design for developing a national electric car. The results of this study (1) require political will from the government and synergy with the private sector to realize electric cars; (2) it is necessary to build a solid electric car ecosystem from upstream to downstream; (3) encourage mutually beneficial investment schemes to attract domestic investors; (4) encourage gotong royong (mutual cooperation) in Indonesian society. The strategy model for developing electric cars in Indonesia is oriented towards rapid market development and sustainable industries by learning from successful concepts in Vietnam.
Circular Economy Breakthrough: Converting Used Cooking Oil Into Sustainable Biodiesel
Used cooking oil is a household waste that has not yet been optimally managed, potentially leading to economic losses and environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze the behavior of housewives in Banyumas District in utilizing used cooking oil, identify the potential for developing biodiesel from used cooking oil, and formulate strategies and roles for relevant stakeholders to optimize used cooking oil management. The methodology employed in this research is mixed-method, utilizing primary data from surveys and secondary data from various related studies and publications. The analysis reveals that most housewives in Banyumas directly dispose of used cooking oil without prior processing. Adopting a circular economy approach in converting used cooking oil into biodiesel can prevent pollution and provide a sustainable alternative energy source. This practice can also raise public awareness about environmental preservation, promote responsible consumption, and create additional income and green jobs. Implementing this policy requires collaboration from various stakeholders, including the government, academics, business actors, the community, and the media
Market Structure, Conduct, and Performance in Indonesia's Cellular Telecom Industry
This research investigates the factors that impact the performance of the Indonesian mobile telecommunications sector by employing two predominant theoretical frameworks: the Harvard School (market power hypothesis) and the Chicago School (efficiency structure hypothesis). The methodology encompasses descriptive analysis to scrutinize the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model, data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess technical and scale efficiencies, and panel data regression to determine the influences on company performance. The data derive from annual reports of mobile telecommunications entities spanning 2010 to 2022. Findings indicate the presence of market power within the industry, highlighted by the existence of five major operators and a notable concentration ratio. Further, the analysis of advertising and welfare expenses demonstrates significant investments in advertising to secure and expand market presence. Despite this, the industry exhibits low technical efficiency yet benefits from substantial scale operations. Regression outcomes suggest that company performance is predominantly driven by market power rather than efficiency, with market share significantly enhancing performance, whereas technical and scale efficiencies appear to have minimal impact. The results lend credence to the Harvard School's market power hypothesis.
The Impact of the One Price Fuel Oil (BBM) Program on the 3T Rural Economy in Indonesia
The One Price Fuel Policy is a positive step to reduce fuel price inequality throughout Indonesia. In the 6 years of implementing this program (2017-2022), the BBM Distribution Business Entity has built 423 distributors throughout Indonesia. The success of the One Price Fuel program is still being debated. So this research wants to examine further the influence of one-price fuel on the rural economy in the 3T region of Indonesia with a research focus on the number of small industries and economic facilities including markets, supermarkets, grocery stores, food stalls, restaurants, and hotels. Researchers used a Difference in Difference (DiD) regression model with a staggered events approach and two strategies to control non- intervention factors that influenced the results. This research found that in certain case scenarios, this policy was implemented gradually after one year of implementation, causing a causal impact on the number of grocery stores and food stalls, and in other outcomes, the results could not be validated because the assumptions had not been met.
3T (Remote, Outermost, and Frontier Areas)
Inhibiting Factors for Poverty Reduction and Alleviation Strategies: Interpretative Structural Modeling Approach
This research aims at analyzing Inhabiting Factors for the Success of Poverty Handling and Its Alleviation Strategy in Kebumen Regency. This research uses two types of data sources, primary and secondary data. The population in this research is the poor people in Kebumen Regency. The research takes the proportional random sampling technique. This technique is used because of the grouping of the poor in Kebumen Regency. There are 100 poor people as the samples in Kebumen Regency. The first analysis method in this research, which is the analysis of inhibiting factors for poverty alleviation in Kebumen Regency, is the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. The second is the Mactor method. The third one is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is a comprehensive decision-making model that takes into account qualitative and quantitative matters. The results of research indicate that poverty alleviation efforts in Kebumen Regency require the involvement of various parties, either from the government, academics, the community, entrepreneurs, the media and also NGOs. The results of analysis indicate that there are eight actors who play key roles in poverty alleviation in Kebumen Regency, including the Kebumen Regency Government, Universities and Educational Institutions, Business Actors and Industries, international organizations and donors, Non-Governmental Organizations, Mass Media, Religious Organizations and also Local Communities. The most prioritized policies in poverty alleviation efforts in Kebumen Regency are as follows. The first is improving education and skills. The second priority is health services. The third one is improving basic infrastructure. While the last priority is local economic empowerment.
Micro-Analysis of Household Poverty and Inequality in Indonesia
The quality of community resources becomes one of the determinants of a region's poverty rate. Gross participation rates for education in rural areas are much lower compared to urban areas, particularly for higher education, resulting in higher poverty rates in rural communities than in urban communities. Different perspectives lead to different thoughts. The ability of people to own assets in urban areas are lower than in those rural areas. Based on this, the poverty rate will be higher in urban areas than in rural areas. This study aimed to analyze the real causes of micro-poverty in North Sumatra Province. The research model utilized in this study was the Cross Section Approach. Data processing revealed that a relatively larger number of household members would lead the household into poverty, urban communities had a greater chance of entering the poverty trap, male household head had the likelihood for household to escape poverty, while for employment status. ‘Business owner with permanent/paid labors indicated the greatest likelihood to reduce poverty. The government needs to pay special attention to low-income people, encouraging policies that favor the poor. Providing direct cash assistance, encouraging the investment climate so that it can absorb labor, particularly those who do not possess entrepreneurial skills. The need for gender equality in various sectors to increase women's productivity
A VECM Study on Impact of Electricity Consumption in ASEAN
The objective of this study is to identify the long-term and short-term relationships between electricity consumption and employment, human welfare, and information and communication technology. The study uses panel data from ASEAN countries, covering 2015 to 2022. The sample consists of 8 countries with complete data for each variable within the specified period. Based on the results of testing using the Vector Error Correction Model, in the long term, electricity consumption has a significant positive relationship with employment and human welfare, which is proxied by the Human Development Index and Happiness Index. On the other hand, the relationship between electricity consumption and information and communication technology (ICT), proxied by the number of mobile cellular subscriptions, shows a significant negative result. In the short term, electricity consumption does not affect employment, human welfare, or information and communication technology. These results indicate that electricity consumption does not directly impact the improvement of human welfare but influences income levels directly through increased production processes and consumption of goods and services.
Information and Communication Information
Determinants of Spending Efficiency for Education and Health Functions
Government spending on education and health is mandated and regulated by law. The increase in education and health spending makes it necessary to study the analysis of the determinants of the efficiency of education and health expenditures in the districts and cities of the province of West Nusa Tenggara during 2012–2021. The approach used is in two stages. The first efficiency score is obtained by deployment Data Analysis (DEA) analysis, and the second stage is using Tobit to analyze the determinants of efficiency in each expenditure. The results of the first stage show that the average technical efficiency score for education spending is inefficient, while the technical efficiency score for health spending is efficient. Furthermore, for the second stage, the results show that the government's ability to finance development expenditures, population density, income inequality of the population, the ratio of junior high school student teachers, and the ratio of high school student teachers affect the efficiency of spending on the education function. Furthermore, the determinants of the efficiency of health spending based on Tobit's results are population density, income inequality of the population, and the ratio of health workers affecting spending on health functions.
Analysis of Bed Availability and COVID-19 Deaths Relationship in Jakarta
The surge in COVID-19 cases that hit Indonesia in May – July 2021 led to a decline in the capacity of the health system. It was reflected by an increase in the national Bed Occupancy Ratio (BOR) percentage of more than 60%, where DKI Jakarta had the highest percentage of BOR among all provinces, reaching 85%. The death rate also soared at 256 deaths per day. The government responded this incident by continuing to increase the bed capacity, so BOR percentage could be decreased in order to preventing a higher death rate. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze how the impact of increasing bed capacity on deaths from COVID-19. This study estimates 511 time series data using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. As a result, the addition bed capacity had a negative association with COVID-19 deaths. The increase in overall bed capacity, ICU bed capacity, and isolation bed capacity could reduce deaths of COVID-19 by 22.5%, 17.3% and 22.7%, respectively.
Toward a Sustainable Energy Transition: The Architecture of Islamic Finance in Indonesia's Biogas Sector
Indonesia is an agricultural country with abundant potential for bioenergy (biodiesel, bioethanol, biomass, and biogas), with Indonesia's biofuel consumption and production expected to increase by 50 percent. This potential is one of the foundations for reducing carbon emissions by replacing fossil energy with new and renewable energy. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the government's initiative to use biogas through PLTBg. This study uses SWOT analysis through the Berlian Porter model approach with secondary data to prepare a strategic architectural framework. The research results are based on the findings in the development of financing for biogas utilization through PLTBg in the preparation and acceleration (short term), expansion (medium term), and final goal achievement (long term). The financing process uses the build, own, operate, and build-own transfer business model approach by implementing the 5C Principles integrated with ASRI principles. In order to optimize the biogas financing process, an agreement was made between the stakeholders involved to create new and renewable energy efficiency in the biogas sector through PLTBg and create a healthy business climate competition to avoid agency problems. The hope is that when this strategic architecture is used correctly, the acceleration of the transition project in the new renewable energy sector, especially biogas, through PLTBg through a funding scheme or financing for the financial services industry can be realized.
Knowledge and Culture-Based Development Policy Scenarios Using the PROMETHEE Method
Knowledge and culture-based development is carried out by relying on knowledge and cultural resources as development capital. Development policy scenarios are needed to carry out development programs. Some of the development programs outlined in the national development plan are strengthening economic resilience for quality and equitable growth, reducing income inequality and alleviating poverty, as well as increasing competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to determine the priority scale based on economic development policy scenarios on the basis of knowledge and cultural resources in Indonesia. The research method is MCDA decision analysis (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) with the PROMETHEE method (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation). PROMETHEE is a sequencing method based on a binary relationship between two or more alternatives. Meanwhile, to calculate the score of each program and development objectives, the primary component analysis technique is used. The data used is secondary data which is mostly sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The results of the research show that the knowledge and culture-based development scenarios based on the sequence are as follows. First, strengthening economic resilience and increasing GRDP per capita. Second, increasing competitiveness, and third is reducing income inequality and the number of the poor.
Analyzing Sustainable Development in Indonesia Based on Environmental Kuznet Curve
Sustainable development is long term development with economic, social, and environmental aspects. Development in Indonesia is a trade off in which an increase in income will increase degradasi environemntal. This research use the EKC theory that connects aspects of economic growth to the environment represented by CO2. The VECM analysis technique is used to see the cointegration of short and long term relationships. In the short term it show that GDP, GDP2 has significant effect on CO2, while HDI has no effect. The results of this studi show that EKC curve is rejected in a U-shape so that sustainable development is weak. In the long term GDP, GDP2, and HDI have significat effect on CO2. The result of the show support for the EKC theory with an inverted U-shaped curve in the long run so that sustainable development is strong. It show that Indonesia is a country whose economic growth depends on energy consumption. This study provides an overview of government policies to reduce carbon dioxide gas with a tax holidays for FDI to encourage green industries, encourage renewable energy sources. Within the scope of education provides an environment-based learning curriculum.
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Indonesia: Role of Human Capital and Trade Openness
This study examines FDI – economic growth nexus in Indonesia throughout 1970 to 2019. It also focuses on analyzing whether FDI-human capital and FDI-trade openness complement each other to enhance economic growth. Employing the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), the study find cointegrated relationship between FDI and economic growth. Specifically, the interaction between FDI and human capital is statistically non-significant to long-term growth. However, interestingly FDI and trade openness complement each other to encourage long-term growth. From the policy perspective, this study supports the improvement of the quality of human capital to enhance the benefits of a foreign presence in the economy and further reforms in the trade sector to enhance long-term growth in Indonesia.
Measuring the intensity of smoking behavior among beneficiaries of subsidized health insurance: Item Response Theory (IRT) Analysis
The absence of sufficient income leaves the impoverished and near-poor particularly susceptible to economic shocks, yet they encounter significant barriers in accessing the health insurance market. The government introduced the Health Premium Assistance for the Poor and Near-Poor (Askeskin) program on January 1, 2005, to address this issue. However, individuals with lower socioeconomic status are disproportionately likely to smoke. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct screening and assess smoking intensity, particularly among those facing economic hardships, to effectively address smoking behavior. To assess the severity of smoking habits among beneficiaries of subsidized health insurance (Askeskin), this study utilized data from the IFLS survey and applied Item Response Theory (IRT). IRT facilitates the development of highly precise measurement tools that accurately capture variations in an individual's health and well-being. The findings indicate that this scale serves as a suitable instrument for examining heavy smoking intensity in research endeavors, particularly within the Indonesian context.
Determinants of the poor household decision to own Micro-Small Enterprise (MSEs)
Household empowerment is an effort to increase family income, especially for poor households. Entrepreneurial activities in the household are expected to encourage independence and social mobility in poor households. This novel research analysed the decision-making behaviour of households owning a business through the probability function of micro and small business owners in poor households in Magelang City. The study will have implications for the design of policy planning related to poverty alleviation, especially regarding increasing entrepreneurship in poor households. Using the 2019 SUSEE database obtained from the Government of Magelang, this study can be concluded that the higher the age and education of the head of a household the greater the opportunity to decide to own a business. The main factor that encourages poor households to own a business is the ease of access to capital. The research findings show that households that have access to credit are proven to be more motivated to own a business. In addition, the more dominant family members have cell phones, the more likely a household is to own a business. From this research, the policy implications that can be carried out are intensifying and ease of providing business capital for micro-enterprises, providing training and coaching, especially in starting businesses for poor households based on simple technology. Owning MSEs has the potential and opportunity to improve the welfare of poor households through business ownership in the form of micro and small businesses.
Analysis of Factors Influenching Economic Growth in Indonesia 2014 - 2018
It is essential to build more equitable economic growth, which reflects the increased role of regions and the empowerment of all people, by focusing on the efficiency and sustainability of the use of natural resources and the living environment. The study explores factors that influence economic growth, such as exports, imports, investments, and labor wages, to identify the most influential aspects in boosting economic growth in Indonesia between 2014 and 2018. This research uses a literature review analysis tool to analyse the factors that influenced economic growth in Indonesia during the 2014–2018 period. By referring to various relevant literature sources, we evaluated and synthesised the main findings related to Indonesia's economic growth during that period. Research results show that exports have a positive impact on economic growth, while imports have no significant impact. Investments also do not have a significant impact on economic growth, while wages have a positive impact on economic growth. Thus, the study shows that exports and labor wages played an important role in Indonesia's economic growth between 2014 and 2018.
Additional Measurement for Financial Inclusion Indexing and its Impact of Economic Growth in Selected ASEAN Countries
Financial inclusion is an important strategy in economic development. This study aims to measure the level of financial inclusion and examine the effect on economic growth in Selected ASEAN Countries. Empirically, the study uses panel data in the form of annual data during the years 2005-2021. Some of the variables used are financial inclusion, GDP, inflation, and unemployment. The method used in this research is Panel Vector Autoregressive (PVAR). The results of the calculation of the financial inclusion index find that Indonesia's financial inclusion is in the middle category, Malaysia is in the high category, Thailand is in the high category and the Philippines is in a low category. IRF results from PVAR analysis show that financial inclusion has a positive influence on economic growth. This indicates that there is a need for incentives to encourage the growth of financial inclusion so that it is expected to accelerate the pace of economic growth.
Economic Valuation of Traditional Mining Crude Oil in Wonocolo Village
This research aims to identify the mining activities of crude oil resources in Wonocolo Village. The government will identify the benefits and impacts of already-known activities will be identified from this activity. Economic valuation analysis calculates These benefits and impacts in monetary terms. The aim is to find out the monetary value of benefits and impact so that they can be used to develop a related policy. The primary and secondary data are collected through interviews and observation. The sampling method uses purposive sampling, and the research method is quantitative descriptive using analysis techniques in the form of economic valuation. The results of this study indicate that the economic valuation of the traditional mining activities of crude oil resources in Wonocolo Village has a positive Rp value. 33.214.795.622,-/year. This positive value is because the value of benefits is greater than the impacts they are Rp. 33.478.992.562,-/year and Rp. 273.196.940,./year.
Cryptocurrency Modeling and Price Prediction Using Markov Switching Autoregressive Model
The emergence of cryptocurrency investment trends has brought the number of registered customers for crypto assets in Indonesia to surpass the number of investors in the capital market. Despite the continuous increase in the number of cryptocurrency investors, a different scenario is depicted by the declining transaction values. This decrease is attributed to the high volatile nature of cryptocurrency coins, which impacts investors’ investment decisions. This research aims to obtain the best model and forecasts related to cryptocurrency prices in order to minimize concerns and potential losses experienced by investors. This research uses the closing price of the five largest market capitalized cryptocurrency coins. The research utilized the Markov Switching Autoregressive method to capture structural changes in the data, allowing it to be used for forecasting. The research findings indicate that the best model for BTC is MS(3)AR(1), the model for BNB is MS(3)AR(1), the model for ETH is MS(3)AR(1), the model for XRP is MS(3)AR(2), and the model for ADA is MS(3)AR(2). The RMSE values indicate that BTC is the coin with the most accurate price prediction compared to other coins.