Journal of Health Education a starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jhealthedu MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE JHE (Journal of Health Education) is abbreviated J. Health Edu publishes articles from the results of research in the field of health education. This includes research in school environments as well as communities.
School-Based Immunization, Access to Health Facilities, Breastfeeding, and Vitamin A Supplementation are Correlated with the Incidence of Measles: Ecological Study at the Provincial Level in Indonesia
Background: Measles remains a significant public health concern in Indonesia. The number of measles rose sharply from more than 4,800 cases in 2022 to over 10,600 cases in 2023. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between school-based immunization, access to health facilities, breastfeeding practices, vitamin A supplementation, integrated health post capacity, and the incidence of suspected measles cases at the provincial level in Indonesia. Methods: An ecological study design was applied using aggregated provincial level data from the Indonesia Health Profile 2024. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to examine the correlation between some independent variables with measles incidence as dependent variable. Result: In this study, several variables showed significant negative correlations with measles incidence of measles. Variables with significant correlations at p value<0.005 were number of children receiving school immunization (ρ =-0.930), number of regencies achieving 80% complete basic immunization (ρ=-0.730), number of students accessing health facilities (ρ=-0.798), number of babies receiving exclusive breastfeeding (ρ = -0.826) number of children receiving booster measles immunization (ρ=-0.659), number of babies receiving vitamin A (ρ=-0.505) and number of children under five receiving vitamin A (ρ=-0.477). Meanwhile, variables related to number of regencies receiving integrated health post training and activity levels 80% of active integrated health post did not show significant correlations with the incidence of measles (p value>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that school-based immunization, access to health facilities, breastfeeding, and vitamin A supplementation are correlated with the incidence of measles at the provincial level in Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Health Education
Behavioral and Social Factors Influencing Sweetened Condensed Milk Consumption in Toddlers in Semarang
Background: Continuous consumption of sweetened condensed milk can in hibit the optimal growth and development of children aged 1-3 years. These consumption habits in toddlers impact their nutritional status, including the risk of being overweight, obese, and undernourished. This study aims to deter mine the determinants of sweetened condensed milk consumption in toddlers from a behavioral and social perspective in the Sekaran and Bandarharjo Health Center Area, Semarang City. Methods: This study employs quantitative research with observational and ana lytical methods, utilizing cross-sectional approaches. The respondents in this study were 100 toddlers residing in Sekaran and Bandarharjo Health Centers, Semarang City. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling, and data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis with frequency distribu tion, bivariate analysis with the Pearson statistical test or Spearman Rank cor relation (α = 5%), and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results: Approximately 35.8% of children had been provided with sweetened condensed milk for no less than twelve months, while 41.2% were reported to consume it three or more times within a single day. The elevated intake of sweetened condensed milk observed in this study demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with lower maternal educational attainment (p = 0.028). Notably, although 51.0% of surveyed mothers acknowledged that sweetened condensed milk is a sugar-laden beverage with added milk content, it is still administered to toddlers. Conclusions: In conclusion, despite over half of mothers recognizing sweet ened condensed milk as a sugar-rich beverage with added milk, its frequent administration to toddlers—often three or more times daily and sustained for over a year—is significantly associated with lower maternal education levels, highlighting a critical gap in nutritional awareness and practice. The consump tion of sweetened condensed milk among toddlers remains relatively high, and this elevated intake is influenced by maternal education
Evaluating Competency-Based Learning Outcomes of Public Health Graduates in Indonesia: A Case Study at Diponegoro University
Background: Public health graduates are increasingly expected to possess not only theoretical knowledge but also practical competencies such as task execution, adaptability, and effective communication. In Indonesia, however, assessment practices predominantly focus on cognitive domains, often overlooking essential workforce competencies. Methods: This study employs a descriptive case study approach at the Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, analyzing 18 group reports from the 2024 Field Learning Practice 2 (FLP_2) program. Assessment focuses on five competency dimensions defined by the Indonesian National Professional Certification Agency (BNSP): Task Skills (TS), Task Management Skills (TMS), Contingency Management Skills (CMS), Transfer Skills (TRS), and Job/Role Environment Skills (JRES). Results: Students demonstrated TS through systematic problem identification using the Multiple Criteria Utility Analysis (MCUA). TMS was evident in the planning and management of community interventions. CMS was reflected in effective responses to health crises, such as dengue outbreaks. TRS was noted for its ability to adapt to different socio-cultural environments. JRES was demonstrated through professional conduct in diverse institutional contexts. Authentic learning activities fostered readiness for complex public health roles. Conclusion: FLP_2 effectively evaluates comprehensive public health competencies. A shift towards performance-based, contextual assessment frameworks is essential for aligning education with workforce needs. Embedding such frameworks into curricula will enhance the quality and preparedness of graduates for addressing real-world challenges
Social Connectedness in the Transition to Retirement Among Civil Servants: A Crosssectional Study in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Background: Retirement is a transitional phase that affects various life aspects, including social relationships. Many civil servants feel socially unprepared, leading to reduced interactions, increased isolation, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. This highlights the need for social readiness to support retirees' well-being. Therefore, this study describes the social relationship readiness of prospective retired civil servants in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted online via WhatsApp from November to December 2024, involving 171 prospective civil servant retirees who participated in the retirement preparation program organized by the Regional Civil Service Agency, using a consecutive sampling technique. The instrument used was the civil servant retirement readiness questionnaire by Mardova, which had been modified. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis (Spearman’s rho, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test). Results: Most respondents (60.2%) were categorized as "Ready" regarding social relationship readiness. There was a significant difference in social relationship readiness based on gender (p-value=0.005), where female respondents tended to be more socially prepared than males. Conclusions: Most prospective civil servant retirees are classified as socially ready. The level of social readiness among prospective retirees varies by gender.
The Reality of Smoke-Free Area Policy in Healthcare: "Case Study in The Special Lung Hospital of North Sumatra Province, Medan, Indonesia"
Background: The Special Lung Hospital of North Sumatra Province, Medan, Indonesia is mandated by city regulations to implement the Smoke-Free Area (SFA) policy. In the fact, smoking by visitors and security personnel still occurs, posing health risks to patients and staffs. However, smoking activities by visitors and security staff were observed, posing health risks to patients and mployees. This study aims to analyse the implementation, challenges, and possible solutions related to the SFA policy. Methods: Using a qualitative case study design, six informants were interviewed, including the Hospital Director, Health Safety Environment Committee, security staff, employees, cleaning staff, and visitors. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, with triangulation used to ensure validity. Result: The study indicates that, although the policy has been implemented, its effectiveness remains limited due to weak communication, insufficient resources, a lack of commitment, and an inadequate bureaucratic structure. Major obstacles include poor coordination with the government in Medan, limited no-smoking signage, low compliance and awareness among staffs, a lack of a dedicated task force, and weak law enforcement without clear sanctions. Conclusion: Additionally, socialization and outreach regarding SFA regulations remain minimal. To strengthen implementation, proposed solutions include improving interagency communication, enhancing enforcement and signage, issuing a director's circular, reactivating cessation clinics, and fostering collaboration among hospital units to promote and supervise continuous SFA
Issue of Adolescent Educational Needs on Reproductive Health in The Rural Area of Kulon Progo Yogyakarta: A Qualitative Study
Background: Adolescents in rural areas often face greater challenges with reproductive health problems than adolescents in urban areas, including more difficult access to health services, less access to reproductive health information, and limited social support. This affects the high prevalence of reproductive health problems such as teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and limited understanding of sexual and reproductive health rights The objective of this study was to explore the educational needs The purpose of this study is to investigate more comprehensively the needs of adolescents about reproductive health education in rural areas of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Method: This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach, and data collection methods with in-depth interviews. The research participants consisted of 10 adolescents who lived in a rural area and were analysed using thematic analysis. Result: Four major themes were found from the results of this research, among others: adolescents' experience of getting education about reproductive health, challenges faced by adolescents around reproductive health education, the most appropriate person to provide reproductive health education to adolescents, and the need for adolescent education on reproductive health. Conclusion: The challenges faced by adolescents living in rural areas regarding reproductive health education:Adolescents feel uncomfortable discussing reproductive health with their parents, but feel comfortable discussing it with their peers, even though they cannot help them. The internet is still the main source for asking questions about reproductive health, but often they do not get the right answers.
health education and reproductive health
Correlation Between Physical Activity And Screen Time With Sleep Duration: A Cohort Study Among Pre to Elementary School-aged Children Before, During, And After The Covid-19 Pandemic
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered children's daily routines, particularly increasing screen time, decreasing physical activity, and changing sleep duration, which may impact their physical and mental health. It is important to know how changes in physical activity and screen time can affect children's sleep duration before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study used a quantitative analytical observational cohort study method with 240 child samples aged 6–12 years in Semarang City. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The research instrument used the SMALLQ® questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used normality tests, Spearman-Rank tests to determine correlations, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare data. Results: The correlation between screen time and sleep duration was not statistically significant (p>0.05), while physical activity showed a significant positive correlation with sleep duration (r = 0.253 on weekdays, r = 0.21 weekly, p<0.05). Significant differences were found in screen time, physical activity, and sleep duration across the three periods (p<0.001), with increased screen time and decreased physical activity and sleep duration persisting post-pandemic. Conclusions: The pandemic led to lasting increases in screen time and decreases in physical activity and sleep duration among children. Promoting healthier routines is essential to mitigate these impacts in the new normal era.
Revealing the Social and Reproductive Health Dimensions Associated with Stunting among Children 6 – 23 months in Urban Areas of Indonesia
Background: The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia has generally experienced a decline, although not significantly. The issue of stunting is not solely caused by a single, simple factor; rather, it is influenced by complex factors. This study aims to analyze the factors associating with stunting in urban areas across Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey approach. The data were from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The sample in this study were children aged 6 to 23 months residing in urban areas across Indonesia. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associate between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Results: This study found that male (PR = 1.37), history of stunting at birth (PR = 1.41), low birth weight (PR = 2.13), history of tuberculosis (TB) (PR = 4.53) and family wealth status (PR = 2.28) were significantly associated with stunting status among children in urban areas. These factors were identified as key determinants, with their respective prevalence ratios indicating a substantial association with the prevalence of stunting in the population under study. Conclusions: In the urban context, there are predictive factors of stunting prevalence that require serious attention, such as having a history of TB illness and poor environmental health conditions
Enhancing Athletes' Physical Performance Through the Intervention of 'Tiliaya' Food Supplement Derived from Traditional Food Reformulation
Background: Athlete nutrition can indirectly improve athlete performance. One of the efforts to improve athlete nutrition is by providing additional food such as Tiliaya. Tiliaya is a traditional Gorontalo food that is believed to increase stamina, because it has high calories. This study aims to increase the physical activity of athletes through the intervention of reformulated tiliaya products. Method: This study used 20 respondents of Gorontalo Student Training and Education Program (STEP) Taekwondo athletes. The intervention was carried out for 3 months with the parameters measured, namely nutritional status based on body mass index, measurement of cholesterol levels (Cholesterol OxidasePhenol Aminophenazone/CHOD-PAP) and VO2max, before and after the in tervention. Result: The results of the athlete's blood cholesterol test showed that there were 75.00% in the normal category and 25.00% in the high category. The results of T-Test of Cholesterol level and VO2Max significant for treatment group and not significant for control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the intervention of a reformulated food supplement, Tiliaya (using fiber creme as a substitute for coconut milk), has a significant impact on improving the physical fitness of STEP taekwondo athletes in Gorontalo, particularly by reducing total cholesterol levels and enhancing VO2max capacity
The impact of playing a snakes and ladders game about Mount Merapi disaster awareness on students' preparedness knowledge at Kepuharjo Cangkringan Elementary School
Background: Indonesia is a country that is highly susceptible to natural disasters, particularly due to the frequent volcanic eruptions occurring on the island of Java. This situation underscores the importance of ensuring that students in disaster-prone regions are well-prepared for such events. Traditional outreach methods have often been deemed insufficient in enhancing students' understanding of disaster preparedness. In response to this challenge, this research introduces an innovative educational tool: modified "Disaster Snakes and Ladders" game. This game aims to improve students' readiness for a specific focus on the potential eruptions of Mount Merapi. The study’s objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the game in enhancing the understanding of disaster preparedness among students at Kepuharjo State Elementary School. Method: Employing a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test approach, the study selected fifty students through total sampling. Data collection involved administering questionnaires before and after game implementation. Analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed promising results: initial scores averaged 17.08, increasing to 17.92 post-test. Statistical significance was confirmed p-value of 0.016, indicating a substantial improvement in students' disaster preparedness knowledge. Conclusion: the Disaster Snakes and Ladders game effectively enhances elementary students' awareness and understanding of disaster preparedness, specifically geared towards Mount Merapi-related disasters.
Effect of Educational Intervention using Video Role-playing on Nursing Students Perceived Civility-Incivility
Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of educational interven tion using video role-playing on the knowledge of civility among second-year nursing students at a private faculty of nursing. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental design using pre-post ap proach. A total of 148 nursing students completed the intervention. The educa tional intervention consisted of 60 minutes-online learning, including watch ing video role-plays and discussions. This study applied a paired t-test for data analysis. Results: There was a significant effect before and after the educational interven tion. Before the intervention, few respondents reported their perceived civility were under uncivil and mildly civil categories. After the intervention, all re spondents perceived their civility were moderate to highly civility. Conclusions: Video-based educational intervention significantly affects stu dents' perceived civility
Civility; Educational; Intervention; Role-playing
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Health Education
Analysis of The Effect of Patient Eating Satisfaction On Food Waste: A Medical Informatics Perspective at Caruban Regional Hospital, Madiun Regency
Background: Patient meal satisfaction is an important aspect of health services that can influence the patient's health and well-being. In the hospital context, this satisfaction is not only related to the quality of the food served but also to the management of food waste. High levels of food waste can have a negative impact on the environment and hospital operational costs. This research aims to explore the influence of patient eating satisfaction on the amount of food waste from the perspective of medical informatics produced at Caruban Hospital, Madiun Regency. Methods: This research method uses a cross-sectional study design with a population of patients treated at Caruban District Hospital. The data collection technique was carried out through a questionnaire adopted from ACHFPSQ and Schiavone to measure eating satisfaction. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: These findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between the level of patient eating satisfaction and the amount of food waste produced. Patients who are satisfied with the food served tend to produce less food waste compared to those who are dissatisfied. Conclusions: The research conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between patient eating satisfaction and the amount of food waste at Caruban Regional Hospital. The overall level of patient satisfaction with the quality of food and hospital services is quite good, with a score of 3.94 ± 0.77. However, there are still complaints about the taste of 35% and the portion of the food served. Patients consume around 70.25% of the food provided, while the remaining 27.25% becomes waste. Socio-demographic factors such as age and cultural preferences also influence satisfaction, and the habit of bringing food from outside the hospital also contributes to increased waste.
Teachers' Views on Air Pollution and Personal Hygiene Promotion Strategies
Background: Children are vulnerable to air pollution, especially in their early life and so far there are no personal hygiene promotion strategies specifically aimed at addressing health threats or vulnerabilities in children in industrial areas. Therefore, the study aimed to determine teachers' views on air pollution and personal hygiene promotion strategies for children's health. Methods: This study used a quantitative method conducted with structured interviews. Respondents in this study were kindergarten teachers who taught in Ngaliyan District, totaling 95 teachers. The data analysis technique used was theme analysis technique. Results: Based on the interview results, teachers' views on air pollution are categorized as good. Respondents can mention sources of information about air pollution, causes of air pollution, the effect of air pollution on children's health, and diseases that arise due to air pollution. Teachers' views regarding personal hygiene promotion strategies are not good, especially in protecting children's health from air pollution. Conclusion: Teachers' views on air pollution are good but in personal hygiene promotion strategies, especially related to protecting children's health from exposure and the impact of air pollution, counseling, seminars, workshops, or similar activities are still rare. This study is expected to contribute to early childhood education, especially related to children's health.
Evaluation of the role of family support as an educator, monitor, and motivator in improving OSH practices in the informal sector in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Background: Continuous education, training, and monitoring are the keys to success in increasing Occupational safety and Heallth (OSH) knowledge, attitudes, and practices, so evaluation of treatment is necessary Methods: This research method uses a pre-test post-test group design with control, The research population is limestone workers in Gunungkidul Regency, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, with a population of 32 limestone processing groups taken as research samples using purposive sampling so that 90 research respondents are obtained. divided into four research and control groups. Treatment for 1 month and evaluation carried out after more than three months after the treatment was completed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α : 0.05) and continued with the pairwise comparison test. Results: The evaluation results show that there are differences in all treatments, with the result that family support (FS) has an influence on changes in OSH knowledge and attitudes when compared to peer support (PS) and controls and still has the same effect when compared to a combination of FS and PS. Conclusions: The conclusion is that FS has a good effect on increasing OSH knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and it is suggested for further research related to the role of PS for workers.
Determinants of Low Open Defecation Free (ODF) Status in the Implementation of the First Pillar of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Program in Panjunan Village, Coastal Area of Cirebon City, Indonesia
Background: Open Defecation Free (ODF) is the first pillar of the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) program. The ODF achievement in Cirebon City is 82%. However, one area in Cirebon City, namely Panjunan Village, has an ODF achievement of only 70%. This study aims to analyze the causes of low ODF. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection was conducted in June-September 2024. The research subjects were residents of Panjunan Village, Cirebon City. Data were collected through six in-depth interviews and observations. Results: Based on the research results, there are several indicators that cause low ODF among the residents of Panjunan Village, including: Low literacy about CLTS, minimal support from cadres, as well as low awareness and community participation, in addition to limited sanitation facilities and infrastructure.
Background: This study aimed to determine the psychosocial aspects of diabetes management and treatment. Methods: A qualitative research method was used to guide this study. The study population was diabetic patients over the age of 50 years. A semi-structured interview was used to obtain data, which was transcribed and coded and later developed into themes. Results: Five broad themes emerged from the analyses, viz., patient understanding of diabetes, psychological effects, the impact of diabetes on life, experiences of support, and treatment and management of diabetes. Conclusion: The findings from this study highlight the personal health and social strain of diabetes, as well as the challenges experienced in terms of the stress and anxieties associated with the disease
Conspiracy Beliefs and Covid-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Italy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: This cross-sectional study examines sociodemographic characteristics and conspiracy beliefs among vaccinated and unvaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 317 Italian-speaking participants were surveyed online, categorized by vaccination status. Sociodemographic variables were compared, and an exploratory factor analysis assessed conspiracy beliefs. Results: Of 217 vaccinated and 100 unvaccinated participants, differences in demographics and vaccine-related attitudes were observed. Vaccinated individuals sought more information online and had lower conspiracy beliefs than unvaccinated individuals. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a single factor, which was found to be significantly higher among unvaccinated participants, suggesting a correlation between vaccine hesitancy and belief in conspiracy theories. Conclusion: Addressing conspiracy beliefs may help increase vaccination rates in Italy. The study's limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
Using Progressive Muscle Relaxation for Reducing Fatigue among Truck Drivers
Background: Long working hours, poor working conditions, and irregular sleep patterns increase the risk of burnout in freight truck drivers. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a procedure to relax muscles. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation on truck drivers. Methods: This research is a quasi-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. 60 truck drivers working in Belawan Port were given PMR video tutorials and underwent PMR therapy for two months. The researcher used the standard KAUPKK questionnaire to measure subject fatigue. The data were tested using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Results: With a z score (-5.798) greater than the z-table value (-1.645) and a p-value of 0.000, it can be concluded that there are differences in complaints of fatigue among truck drivers before and after PMR. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the fatigue of truck drivers can be reduced by PMR therapy.
Determinants of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Deaths: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Background: The increase in the dengue mortality rate in Indonesia and its risk factors which must be addressed immediately. Brebes Hospital, a hospital that is the primary referral for health centers and clinics in Brebes Regency, has a dengue mortality rate (Case Fatality Rate) of 7.88%, contributing to the first death rate in Brebes Regency. Data related to dengue deaths, such as comorbidities and hematocrit levels in dengue patients, were unavailable at the provincial and Brebes district levels, especially at Brebes Hospital. This study aims to determine the determinants of dengue death in inpatients at Brebes Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study used medical record data of dengue inpatients from September 2021 to August 2022, with as many as 138 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. The research instrument is an observation sheet, including age, gender, incidence of thrombocytopenia, hypotension, hematocrit levels, hemoglobin levels, diabetes mellitus status, hypertension status, comorbidities, and LOS. The data were analyzed in univariate, bivariate with the chi-square test, and multivariate with a logistic regression test. Results: The bivariate analysis results showed that the variables of hypertension status, DM status, thrombocytopenia, hematocrit levels, and the presence of comorbid diseases were associated with dengue mortality (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that after controlling for other variables, the risk of comorbid diseases was significant 27.54 times (p-value <0.001; AOR= 27.54; 95% CI= 7.21-105.07), and hematocrit levels were at risk of 4.96 times increasing dengue mortality (p-value = 0.005; AOR= 4.69; 95% CI= 1.59-13.83). Conclusion: Hematocrit levels and the presence of comorbid diseases are critical determinants of dengue case mortality. The central comorbid diseases are hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. These two factors must be the primary concern of the clinicians in charge of patients in anticipation of an emergency.
Assessment of Elements Contributing Work Accidents in Construction Projects
Background: In 2019, the number of work accidents in the construction sector in Indonesia was still relatively high, with a total of 130,923 accidents. Education is one of the main factors influencing work accidents, with 16 people (61.5%) at risk of experiencing work accidents and 60 (60.6%) accidents due to non-compliance in using Personal Protective Equipment. In this research project, a work accident occurred, but the company still needs to record all of them entirely. This research aims to determine the relationship between education and the use of personal protective equipment with work accidents on the project. Methods: The design of this research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The sample taken in the study was 123 workers, who were obtained using the Slovin formula and adding a minimum of 5% of the research sample size. Data analysis in this study used the chi-square test. Results: This study showed that there was a relationship between education and work accidents (p=0.004), and there was a relationship between the use of personal protective equipment such as safety helmets (p=0.000) and safety shoes (p=0.000) with work accidents on the project. Conclusion: Education and compliance in using safety helmets and safety shoes had a significant relationship with work accidents on the project.
Exploring The Resilience of Primary Health Care during COVID-19 Health Crisis: A Case Study in Depok City, Indonesia
Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, the primary health care must have its resilience during the health crisis. The first case of COVID-19 in Indonesia was found in Depok City. Therefore the objective of this study is to explore the resilience of primary health care during COVID-19 pandemic as a health crisis situation in Depok City, Indonesia. Methods: This study used a qualitative design by using a case study approach, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to10 Heads of Public Health Center in Depok City as the main informant in August 2022. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Public Health Centers in Depok City had a good resilience during COVID-19 pandemic. However, they had a low resilient in financing. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic has helped the primary health care to identify the resilience which is crucial to maintain and develop to face other health crisis situation that might be occurred in the future.
Determinants of the Use of Conventional Cigarettes in School Children in Yogyakarta City
Background: The prevalence of child smokers in Indonesia continues to increase. The number of child smokers in Yogyakarta City also continues to increase. This study aims to describe the determinants of conventional cigarette use in school children in Yogyakarta City. Methods: The study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. Data was collected through a direct survey of schools using the Kobo toolbox application. The sampling technique was proportional stratified random sampling. There were 582 samples from 3 State Junior High Schools and 4 Private Junior High Schools. Results: There was a correlation between knowledge and the use of conventional cigarettes (PR=4.22; CI=2.726-6.534; p <0.001), the affordability of cigarettes (PR=2.72; CI 95%=1.793-4.122; p <0.001), the availability of cigarettes (PR=2.60; CI 95%=1.738-3.893; p <0.001), family members' smoking behavior (PR=2.39; CI 95%=1.565-3.642; p <0.001) and peer smoking behavior (PR=7.79; CI 95%=4.707-12.920; p <0.001). The multivariate test results showed that the determinants most related to the use of conventional cigarettes in adolescents were peers (PR=9.36; CI 95%=5.138-17.038; p <0.001). Conclusion: The determinants of conventional cigarette use in children are peer smoking behavior, lack of knowledge related to conventional cigarettes and their impacts, smoking behavior of family members, cigarette addiction, and the availability of cigarettes. Suggestion: The results of research related to the determinants of smoking behavior can be used as advocacy material for policymakers to control cigarette consumption in school children.
The Correlation of Nutrition Knowledge and Nutrition Label Use Among Adolescents in Semarang City, Indonesia
Background: Nutrition label is part of public health nutrition intervention, but it seldom studied in Indonesia. It is essential to measure the relationship between nutrition labels and nutrition knowledge to understand its impact, especially among adolescents. Peers and social life encourage adolescents to choose specific actions, including food and drink, which affects their nutrition status. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design on 404 respondents in Semarang City. The instrument used was the Comprehensive General Nutrition and Nutrition Label Questionnaire (CGN2LQ). Data analysis includes univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The statistical test used is the correlation test to determine the correlation between nutrition knowledge and nutrition label use for adolescents in Semarang City. The analysis showed a significant relationship between nutrition knowledge and nutrition label use (p<0.05). Results: The direction of the correlation is positive or unidirectional, meaning that the higher the nutrition knowledge of adolescents, the higher the use of nutrition labels on packaged products. The test results showed that the strength of the correlation was weak (r=0.333). The significant correlation but weak strength means that the correlation was statistically significant but not practically relevant. Conclusions: There is a need to increase the knowledge of nutrition in the adolescent age group to improve the habit of using nutrition labels on packaged products to determine the choice of packaged food and beverage consumed.
Interactive Media to Increase Family Support and Medication Adherence in Hypertension Patients
Background: Failure to comply with antihypertensive medication risks more serious complications. Researchers examined interactive media to increase compliance with hypertension sufferers effectively. Methods: The research was carried out with a case-control design. The research sample was taken using non-probability sampling, namely 50 people in the intervention group and 50 in the control group. Before the intervention was carried out, all respondents underwent initial measurements. The final measurement was carried out approximately 1.5 months after the intervention. Bivariate analysis used the Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. To analyze the effectiveness of interactive media using the N-Gain Score test. Results: After the intervention, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups regarding knowledge (p=0.000), family support (p=0.000), and compliance with hypertension sufferers (p=0.000). There was an increase in compliance in both the intervention and control groups, but the increase in the intervention group was higher. Based on the N-Gain Score test, in the intervention group, there was an increase in knowledge of 75.04%, family support of 64.36%, and compliance of 75.63%. Meanwhile, in the control group, the increase in knowledge was 34.60%, family support 32.84%, and compliance 19.38%. Conclusions: Interactive media effectively increases hypertension sufferers' knowledge, family support, and compliance.
Need Assessment of Mothers’s Education Needs about Physical and Psychological Changes of the Postpartum Period in RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro, Klaten
Background: : Maternal knowledge about physical and psychological changes during the postpartum period is still low. The results of the researcher's preliminary study also prove that many mothers still experience physical and psychological problems after childbirth, because they have not received effective education. The purpose of this study is Tto explore the educational needs of mothers related to physical changes and psychological changes in the postpartum period at RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro, Klaten .Methods: Qualitative study with descriptive phenomenological approach. Data was collected through in-depth interview. 10 participants in the polyclinic and postpartum ward were selected through purposive sampling and data analyzed using Colaizzi method. Results: This study identified 2 major themes, there is mother’s experience getting education about physical and psychological changes and postpartum mother’s education needs with normal childbirth about physical and psychological changes in postpartum period. The mother’s experience getting education about physical and psychological changes included materials, methods, media, technical, advantages, disadvantages, and educational resources. Postpartum mother’s education needs with normal childbirth about physical and psychological changes in postpartum period are educational materials, educational methods, educational media, technical education, and educational barriers. Conclusions: Postpartum mothers need educational materials about physical changes (postpartum effects, changes in the abdominal and breast area, breast milk, lochia, perineal wound care, vaginal examination) and psychological changes after childbirth. An effective method is face-to-face and the desired media is video. Education is provided during pregnancy with a duration ≦ 30 minutes. Educational barriers are lacked of participants curiosity, feeling experienced, and fear if they get unpleasant information
Motivation Study with Prevention of Diabetic Foot Injuries in Gorontalo Province
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) survey results show that the number of people with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is ranked the 4th largest globally. Diabetic ulcers are one of the complications that are often found in people with diabetes. Patients with Type II DM need high motivation in carrying out their therapy because the therapy undergone causes boredom, especially when there has been a complication in the form of diabetic ulcers. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and actions to prevent diabetic foot injuries, which includes the use of drugs, diet, physical activity, and monitoring of diabetic patients in Gorontalo Province. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 287 respondents. Data collection instrument in the form of a questionnaire with bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square statistical test Results: The Chi-Square statistical test showed a relationship between motivation and diabetic foot injury prevention measures, both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, with p-value = 0.000 (α = 0.05). Conclusion: There was a relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and the prevention of foot wounds in people with diabetes in Gorontalo Province. This research is expected to increase motivation so that diabetic foot injuries can be prevented optimally.
Diabetes Melitus, Motivasi, Pencegahan Luka Diabetes
Sanitation coverage and diarrhea outcomes among children aged under five years in Matabeleland, South Province of Zimbabwe
Background: Diarrhea remains a prominent factor contributing to the high rate of child mortality, particularly observed in children under the age of five. This study assessed the relationship between sanitation coverage and diarrhea outcomes among children under five in Matabeleland, South Province of Zimbabwe. Methods: The study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional study using a Demographic Health Survey and assesses from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS). This data is freely available at https://mics.unicef.org/surveys. A total of 518 mothers were analyzed in this research based on the secondary data from the 2019 MICS findings. The variables studied were the mother's education, wealth, handwashing, sanitation coverage, shared sanitation facilities, child age, residence, and religion. Results: The analysis revealed significant associations for both the age of the child and residence in Matabeleland, South Province; for age, the p-value was 0.039 with an OR of 0.594 and a 95% Confidence Interval (0.362-0.974), and residence with a p-value of 0.004 and OR of a 95% CI (1.329-4.484). Conclusion: sanitation coverage was not significant in this study. Therefore, health and hygiene education campaigns should be conducted to equip caregivers with adequate knowledge that is essential for the prevention of diarrhea.
Children under five, Diarrhea, Sanitation Coverage
Mapping Stunting and Its Risk Factors in Sub-Districts Throughout Semarang City in 2022
Background: The prevalence of stunting in Semarang City is the lowest com pared to other districts/cities at 10.40%. Semarang City has not used a mapping system in handling stunting cases even though mapping stunting and its risk factors with GIS can help policymakers read areas that can be used as a basis for determining stunting-related programs because each region has different characteristics. Methods: This study combined an ecological study and mapping approach with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in 2022. The population in this study were all 16 sub-districts in Semarang City. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling. Results: The results showed that in the mapping of correlated risk factors, the variables of the percentage of households that have access to safe sanitation, percentage of households with shared toilet, percentage of LBW, percentage of pregnant women with parity >4, and percentage of pregnant women aged >35 years old were significantly associated with the prevalence of stunting. Conclusions: Sub-districts that can be prioritized for stunting prevention, treat ment, and screening are Semarang Selatan, Semarang Utara, Semarang Tengah, Semarang Timur, and Tugu
The Effect of Providing Nutrition Education Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) with Android-Based Media on the Knowledge and Attitudes of Hypertension Sufferers
Background : A diet for hypertension does not only require low salt. DASH diet nutrition education using Android-based media as an effort to increase understanding of the importance of consuming vegetables, fruit, nuts, fish, foods low in saturated fat in controlling hypertension. Research is to determine the effect of nutrition education using Android-based media on knowledge and attitudes in hypertension sufferers. Methods : Types of research true express with a plan pretest-posttest control group design. Selection of research subjects with simple random sampling. The number of research subjects was 18 in the intervention group and 18 in the control group. Nutrition education in the intervention group was provided with Android-based media which was carried out for 4 weeks with a duration of 20 minutes for each research subject. The control group was not given information regarding the DASH diet. The data collected includes data on knowledge and attitudes regarding the DASH diet. The statistical analysis used is independent t test. Results :The average knowledge score was from 64.17 ± 9.27 to 77.17 ± 6.48 in the intervention group and 58.89 ± 6.76 to 66.72 ± 8.09 in the control group. The average attitude score was from 49.17 ± 5.45 to 49.00 ± 5.53 in the intervention group and 49.00 ± 5.53 to 52.67 ± 4.02. There was a difference in the average score of knowledge (p = 0.009), attitude (p = 0.001), difference in knowledge (p = 0.035) and attitude (p = 0.001) between the intervention group and the control group. Conclusion : Nutrition education using Android-based media can increase knowledge and attitudes about the DASH diet in hypertension sufferers.
Education; Android; Knowledge; Attitude; DASH
Training Needs Assessment on Management of Stunting Reduction Program in Indonesia
Background: Stunting has become a priority in Indonesia's development agenda that national and sub-national teams are established with multi-sectoral involvement to tackle the problem However, coordination hurdles, particularly at the mid-level, underscore the need for understanding frontline workers' capacity, prompting a study to conduct a training needs assessment (TNA) to bolster local governments' commitment to stunting and nutrition promotion. Methods: The TNA was conducted from July to November 2021 employing online quantitative survey and series of focus group discussions (FGDs) among central and local government officers. Quantitative data were about knowledge on stunting, attitudes toward program management, performance assessment, and capacity building needs. The FGDs focused stunting reduction program management and implementation capacity. Results: The present study highlighted the personal and organizational aspects of the management of stunting reduction program in Indonesia. The findings from both aspects were used to understand the needs and gaps revealed so that a relevant and appropriate training/capacity building program can be proposed. Conclusions: Capacity building is required to enhance local governments' commitment to stunting and nutrition promotion programs, particularly focusing on middle management to improve communication and foster multi-sectoral collaboration. Such efforts necessitate a team-based training program to develop skills in coordination and interprofessional collaboration. KEYWORDS: interprofessional collaboration; multi-sectoral involvement; stunting; Training Needs Assessment; Indonesia