Jurnal Inovasi Mesin (e-ISSN : 2746-7694 (online)) is an open-access, peer-review journal published by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) in April and October each year. Manuscripts approved for publication have been reviewed by reviewers and are free to download via our website. JIM publishes original and reviews articles that advance the understanding of both the fundamentals of engineering science and its application to the solution of challenges and problems in mechanical engineering systems, machines, components, and it's innovations. We invite lecturers, researchers, reviewers, practitioners, industry, and observers as well as all graduates and post-graduate students, to send papers or scientific articles. The incoming papers will be peer-reviewed. After the review process is complete, the results of the review will be informed to the authors of the paper through the Open Journal System (OJS) and also through the author's email. Abstracting and Indexing: GARUDA | DIMENSION
The Effect of Silane Treatment on Interfacial Shear Strength and Wettability ofLuffa Cylindrica Fiber
Luffa cylindrica, a plant from the Cucurbitaceae family, is abundant but remains underutilized. Its simple fiber extraction and high cellulose content make it a potential eco-friendly reinforcement material for composites. This study examines the effect of silane concentration on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) and wettability of Luffa cylindrica fibers. The fibers were treated with silane solutions at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Tests included IFSS, wettability, and SEM analysis. Results show that silane treatment improves both IFSS and wettability, with the highest values obtained at 0.5% concentration (3.68 MPa and 43.94 mN/m, respectively). SEM observations confirmed better fiber–matrix adhesion at this concentration, where multiple matrices were attached and embedded on the fiber surface. These findings highlight the potential of silane-treated Luffa cylindrica fibers as effective reinforcements for composites
Fabrication of a Motor Vehicle Ignition System Simulation Tool
The rapid development of technology has had a significant impact on innovations in learning media within the field of education, including practical activities conducted in the Thermal Laboratory of Politeknik Negeri Bandung. Learning about thermal engines, particularly gasoline engines, requires a thorough understanding of how the ignition system works. Until now, students have only received explanations through theory or videos, resulting in limited comprehension and insufficient stimulation for the development of practical skills. This study aims to develop a learning media in the form of an ignition system simulation tool for motor vehicles. This tool allows students to directly observe the ignition process, thereby enhancing their understanding and analytical abilities regarding the performance of the ignition system. The simulation tool was created using a DC motor as a substitute for engine rotation. The process of fabricating this simulation tool includes several stages, namely needs analysis, design, fabrication, and testing. The test results indicate that the DC motor in this simulation tool is capable of producing a maximum rotational speed of 3100 RPM, with a power requirement of 12 V and a current of 2 A. The spark produced at the spark plug appears blue and clearly visible, indicating that the tool can function optimally as an interactive learning media.
Stiffness Improvement of Corrugated Metal Roofs through Cross-Sectional Geometry Modification
Nowadays, many Indonesian commonly use metal trapezoidal corrugated roofs for their residential needs. Nevertheless, the roofs often deformed or failed due to heavy rains or storms, especially in tropical regions like Indonesia. Therefore, a new model was investigated and proposed in this research to enhance the stiffness-to-weight ratio of the roofs. Computational simulation was conducted to compare the existing and the proposed model of the roofs. The addition of some small folds in certain positions successfully increases the stiffness-to-weight ratio of the roof by 11.58% compared to the existing model.
Numerical Analysis of The Effect of Chine Variation on The Design of The Senopati Catamaran Fishing Boat on Resistance Based on Maxsurf Resistance Software
The majority of fishermen in Indonesia still rely on traditional boats that have been built and passed down through generations. These fishermen tend to focus primarily on maximizing their catch, often overlooking other important aspects such as hydrodynamic resistance. In reality, beyond the fishing gear used, one of the key factors influencing the effectiveness of a fishing vessel is its hull design. This study aims to analyze the resistance characteristics of a catamaran-type fishing vessel designed by the Senopati Team. The analysis was conducted using Maxsurf Resistance software with speed variations ranging from 1 to 15 knots. To determine the optimal resistance performance, chine variations were introduced to the hull design, including both single and double chine configurations. Each variation applied chine widths of 5%, 6%, and 7% of the vessel's beam, with chine heights of 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters. The analysis results indicate that resistance increases with vessel speed. However, an increase in chine width generally leads to a reduction in resistance. The most optimal hull configuration was identified as the single chine with 7% width and 1.4 meters height. These findings suggest that the incorporation of chine variations, whether single or double, can effectively reduce the resistance experienced by the vessel compared to a bare hull configuration.
Design of An IOT-Based Voltage and Current Monitoring System and Turbine Performance Analysis In A Micro Hydro Power Plant
Microhydro power plants (MHPP) are a potential renewable energy solution for remote areas that have abundant water resources. However, monitoring the performance of MHPP systems in these areas is still a challenge, especially in terms of reliability and energy conversion efficiency. This research aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system capable of monitoring real-time voltage and current in MHPs. The system was tested using the Archimedes Screw turbine in a laboratory-based test scale, and a literature study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of several types of micro hydro turbines such as Pelton, Crossflow, Turgo, and Archimedes Screw. The results showed that although the efficiency of screw turbines is relatively lower, they are suitable for use in locations with low head and stable water flow. The 4D approach method was used in the development of this monitoring system, and the results show that the system is able to provide accurate data and support the improvement of MHPP operational reliability.
The Effect of Variations In Clear Coat Application Distance On The Glitter of The Painting Results
Painting defects in the repainting process in the vehicle body repair industry are still a common problem. The main factor causing painting defects is manual application that is not in accordance with standard operating procedures. Painting the vehicle body functions to protect the surface and increase aesthetic value, but there are still frequent painting defects such as rough surfaces, spots, and melting due to improper application. This study aims to examine the distance of application of clear coat to the quality of painting results with minimal defects. The research design used was an experimental research design with a variety of spraying distances of 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and the measurement of the gloss value was carried out using a gloss meter. The results of the study show that the spraying distance greatly affects the gloss value of the painted results. A distance of 15 cm results in the best gloss value of 90.94 GU with no paint defects, while a distance of 25 cm results in the lowest gloss value of 58.50 GU with rough and dull surfaces. Too close a distance increases the shine power but has the potential to cause defects in the form of a melted clear coat layer. This study concluded that the optimal distance for spraying clear coats is 15 cm to achieve high-quality painting results
A comprehensive study of infrastructure failures in the energy industry to improve operational safety
The demand for crude oil continues to increase in line with expanding needs, but this contrasts with its limited availability in nature. The oil and gas industry is one of the key sectors in the global economy, encompassing exploration, refining, processing, transportation, distribution, and sales. Given the high-risk working environment, safety is a crucial factor that must be considered. In recent decades, numerical methods have been widely used to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of safety analysis, particularly in risk identification, equipment condition monitoring, and optimizing hazard mitigation strategies. This report discusses the application of numerical methods in improving the quality of planning, maintenance, and failure mitigation of various components and infrastructure at PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Fuel Terminal Boyolali. The study focuses on MOV with the friction coefficient between the stem and stem nut, pipeline systems concerning corrosion in elbows caused by chemical compounds carried by oil, and storage tanks related to temperature control within the tank to maintain the quality and quantity of oil as per demand. A comprehensive study shows that lubrication can limit the friction coefficient in MOV, while viscosity is a significant issue in pipeline systems and storage tanks. Numerical approach methods can improve the energy industry's safety, reliability, and efficiency. Modeling can reduce costs, time, and worker safety risks compared to experimental approaches.
Analysis of biodiesel yield percentage from used cooking oil with variations in stirring time
The increasing volume of hazardous and toxic waste (B3), particularly from used cooking oil, poses significant environmental and health challenges. One promising solution is converting this waste into biodiesel, thereby promoting renewable energy development while reducing ecological risks. This study investigates the yield percentage of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil using a magnetic stirrer. The research aims to determine the optimal stirring duration to maximize yield and evaluate the flame duration of the resulting biodiesel. The process involved tool and material preparation, biodiesel production via transesterification, and subsequent data collection and analysis. The findings revealed that the highest biodiesel yield, 58.4%, was achieved at a stirring duration of 45 minutes, whereas the lowest yield, 51.2%, occurred at 60 minutes.
Design and development of body electrical system and controller temperature control system for electric motorcycles
The rapid evolution of technology has transformed the automotive industry, transitioning from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This study focuses on developing a body electrical system for electric motorcycles by integrating components like lead-acid batteries, pulse-width modulation (PWM) controllers, waterproof DS18B20 temperature sensors, DC-DC converters, and energy-efficient LED lighting. The system is designed to comply with Indonesia’s National Standards (SNI). Employing the 4D research methodology (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), the electrical system underwent rigorous validation and testing. Results highlight enhanced performance, improved energy efficiency, and effective thermal management. The integration of a temperature control system reduced the risk of overheating, ensuring safety and operational reliability. This research contributes to advancing EV technology, offering a framework for optimizing body electrical systems for electric motorcycles in compliance with safety and performance standards
Strength Analysis of Wheel Stopper Design on Dyno Test Based on Solidwork 2019 Software
Various innovations have been made in all parts of the world to deal with global warming. One of them is making electric vehicles. One of the things that must be done to keep up with the number of electric vehicle production is to innovate the vehicle 'test' tool. The dyno test is one of the 'test' tools for electric vehicles on two wheels. One of the innovation gaps that can be addressed is creating a wheel stopper design on a new dyno test to speed up production time. The wheel stopper was designed using a hydraulic system with MTEK WC1 UNS J13047 cast alloy steel metal material. The design was done using Autodesk Inventor 2024 and analyzed using Solidwork 2019. Then, the analysis results are compared with the existing wheel stopper design using ASTM A36 steel. It will also determine whether a hydraulic system design can be implemented. The maximum displacement and minimum safety factor results obtained on the hydraulic wheel stopper are 0.1746 mm and 2.5. These results show that the hydraulic wheel stopper design can be implemented
Performance Analysis of Diesel Engine Fueled by 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Mixed Biodiesel and the Use of XPower Fuel Ionizer with Injection Timing Variations
Rapid technological developments encourage the use of diesel engines in transportation and industry due to greater efficiency and power. The cetane number is an important indicator of the quality of diesel fuel, where the addition of additives such as 2EHN can increase the cetane number and improve combustion. Tools such as Fuel Ionizers are also developed to improve fuel efficiency through molecular decomposition. This study aims to determine the power, torque, and specific fuel consumption values ​​in the 4D56 diesel engine when using 2EHN as a fuel mixture and the use of Fuel Ionizer. The power value increases by 1.2 Hp with a mixture of 0.4% 2EHN and the use of Fuel Ionizer at the 8ᴼ ATDC Timing Injection setting. The torque value increases by 2 Nm with a mixture of 0.4% 2EHN and the use of Fuel Ionizer at the 9ᴼ ATDC Timing Injection setting. The lowest specific fuel consumption value is 0.000084 Kg/Hph with a mixture of 0.4% 2EHN and the use of Fuel Ionizer at the 8ᴼ ATDC Timing Injection setting
Design and Build Boilers for Modernization in the Tofu Industry Using Autodesk Inventor
Most tofu producers still use steamers as boilers, which poses a risk to tofu quality. To reduce the risks and losses caused by this, a safe boiler construction is designed according to ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) design standards. This research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach supported by software capable of analysing model characteristics. The boiler construction was designed according to the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) standard, then the boiler design was created using Autodesk Inventor and a theoretical analysis was conducted using internal pressure loads to evaluate stress and displacement in the boiler construction. The results of the study obtained the specifications for a horizontal type of boiler with an operating steam pressure of 2 bar and a design pressure 4 bar. Boiler dimensions 600 mm in diameter, 1200 mm in length. Fuel uses firewood and the maximum volume of water that can be filled in the boiler is up to 113.1 litters. The material used for the plate is 5 mm stainless steel plate 304.
Effect of Temperature and Time on the Sterilization Process of Soft-boned Milkfish
The objectives of this research are: 1) Analyzing the effect of sterilization temperature and time on protein content in soft spiny milkfish, 2) Analyzing the effect of sterilization temperature and time on the bacterial content in soft spiny milkfish, and 3) Knowing the ideal temperature and time in the milkfish sterilization process soft spines. There are various types of diversification of processed milkfish, including processing it into presto milkfish. The shelf life of pressure-cooked milkfish can be increased by sterilization using a high-pressure pressure cooker using a retort tool. In this study, the sterilization process used a combination of temperatures of 110°C, 121°C, 130°C, and times of 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The research method uses an experimental approach. The research location is CV Sekar Tekno, Semarang. The data collection technique uses observation, which is carried out by systematically observing and recording the symptoms being investigated. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and analysis of variance/ANOVA. The results of the research showed that the effect of temperature and time on the sterilization process of soft spiny milkfish did not have a significant effect on the protein content of soft spiny milkfish. Although the protein content of soft spiny milkfish experienced changes up and down during the sterilization process, the protein content did not decrease significantly. The effect of high temperature in the sterilization process of soft spiny milkfish has a significant effect on the number of bacteria present in soft spiny milkfish after the sterilization process. This is indicated by the phenomenon of a constant decrease/value of bacterial content as shown in the following data: temperature 110°C is 148.44 CFU/g, temperature 121°C is 86.78 CFU/g, and temperature 130°C is 25.44 CFU/g. On the other hand, the effect of long sterilization time on the bacterial content of soft spiny milkfish tends to show an up-and-down phenomenon. This is indicated by an increasing trend in the number of bacteria at 30 minutes, which was 125 CFU/g. This phenomenon is caused by a leak in the retort pack used for soft spiny milkfish and other causes that are not yet known for certain in this process. Based on the results of the effect of temperature and time on protein levels and bacterial content, it shows that a temperature of 130°C has a high protein content of 16.6% with the lowest bacterial content, namely 45 CFU/g. At 20 minutes, it had a high protein content of 14.296% with the lowest bacterial content, namely 32.67 CFU/g. So the ideal temperature and time for the sterilization process of soft spiny milkfish is 130°C and 20 minutes
Design and Validation of Horizontal Steam Retort with Capacity of 100 kg Presto milkfish Using Finite Element Method (FEM)
Retorts are used in the food processing industry to sterilize packaged food products. Sterilization of presto milkfish using retort is done at 120℃ and 2 bar pressure. The retort is designed to work safely under these load conditions. This study aims to determine the safety quality of the horizontal steam retort design. Design validation is done by static analysis using finite element method (FEM) with Solidworks software. The retort design uses 18Cr-8Ni type 304 stainless steel material, with a sterilization load of 120℃ temperature, 2 bar pressure, and 100 kg of milkfish load. The analysis showed that the most considerable Von-Mises stress occurred on the torispherical head with a value of . The largest displacement occurs at the torispherical head of the retort door with a value of 1.078 mm. The retort design is concluded to be safe to use under sterilization load conditions with a safety factor value of 2.9.
Design Analysis Pillowblock Strength of Rotogravure Gearbox Uses Catia V5 Software
The pillowblock has not been tested to determine the von Mises stress, displacement and safety factor values. The aim of this research is to analyze the results of the Pillowblock design analysis using the finite element method using CATIA V5 software.The research method used in this research is an experimental method. In this study, the independent variable used was variations in the thickness dimensions of the Rotogrvure Pillowblock Gearbox. The variations used are Pillowblock Close 1 with varying thicknesses (5 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm), Pillowblock Close 2 with varying thicknesses (6 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm) and Pillowblock Equipment with varying thicknesses (5 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm), the material used is ST 40 with a rotary bending load (bearing load). Tests were carried out using the fenite element method (FEM) to determine the value of von Mises stress, displacement and safety factor. The analysis results show that variations in pillowblock thickness have a high level of effectiveness and efficiency and have a safety factor value of ≥ 2, found in the Pillowblock Close 1 T4 (7 mm) with a von Mises stress value of 0.349 MPa, displacement 0.000046 mm, safety factor 787.96. Pillowblock Close 2 R4 (8 mm) with a von Mises stress value of 0.430 MPa, displacement 0.000062 mm, safety factor 639.24, and Pillowblock Equipment P4 (7 mm) with a von Mises stress value of 2.504 MPa, displacement 0.000312, safety factor 109.82.
The Effect of Stroke Up and Bore Up on The Performance of Honda Verza Motorcycle
Many young people make bore up and stroke up modifications to improve the performance of their motorbike engines. which is used for daily activities and racing contests. Apart from that, this modification is necessary for some people, especially men, because most of the people in Juwana work as farmers in fish ponds. Apart from that, the condition of the roads in the pond is still dirt, which makes the roads muddy when it rains. Because motorbikes are used to transport fish harvests and as transportation, their motorbikes also require more power. This research uses an experimental research design by changing the stroke length and piston diameter on a Honda Verza motorbike with variations of Stroke Up, Bore Up and Stroke Up Bore Up. With testing steps using a dynotest 3 times on each motorbike variation to determine the performance of the Honda Verza motorbike. The results of this research show an increase in torque and power produced after modifying the stroke up and bore up. The resulting modification of increasing the piston diameter (bore up) affects the torque and power values produced by the Honda Verza motorbike. The torque value increased by 1.34% at 10,000 rpm and the power value increased by 1.39% at 13,000 rpm. Meanwhile, the stroke up variation affected the power and torque produced by the Honda Verza motorbike. The results obtained from testing the stroke up engine experienced an increase in torque value of 1.36% at 11000 rpm and the power produced increased by 3.16% at 13000 rpm
Effect of Using Magnetic Coil in Fuel Pipeline on Multi-Cylinder Gasoline Engine Performance
The increase in automotive technology, especially cars, has caused the availability of fuel to decrease. This is because more and more fuel are needed by vehicles while the amount of fuel on earth is dwindling because petroleum is a non-renewable natural resource. Motorized vehicles must not only save fuel but also have good performance. The better the fuel quality, the better the combustion process so that the greater the power and torque produced. So there needs to be an ideal fuel mixture for good combustion of multi-cylinder gasoline engine performance. Several things can be done to improve engine performance and fuel economy ranging from creating fuel saving devices, changing engine construction, hybrid technology to finding alternative fuels. This research uses an experimental research method with a descriptive quantitative approach to determine the effect of using magnetic coils on fuel pipelines on engine performance. The results showed the largest increase in power value of 12.89% in the use of magnetic coil with a copper wire diameter of 0.40 mm using first fuel at 2500 rpm. While the largest increase in torque value of 70.60 Nm to 79.70 Nm on the use of magnetic coil with a copper diameter of 0.40 mm at 2500 rpm using first fuel.
Effect of Dual External Exhaust System with Activated Charcoal and Reheater on Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions
The increase in the mass and widespread use of diesel engines can lead to an increase in exhaust emissions, which can have a negative impact on the environment and human health with an increase in the number of vehicles and activities in workshops and test sites, there is a need to minimize the emission of exhaust gases during the process, The need for additional alternative methods that can help reduce emissions in places where there are potentially many vehicles in vehicle repair shops vehicle repair shops, at vehicle test sites and light vehicle practice places of automotive vocational high schools,, the development of additional equipment that is attached or added to an object without changing from that object or after treatment tools It is still rarely found, especially in ordinary workshops, even official workshops are still uneven and not optimal, reducing exhaust gas levels when the vehicle stops or is static. This study uses an experimental method by making after treatment tools in the form of dual external exhaust systems that are attached to vehicles during emission testing and testing that emit smoke or vehicle exhaust emissions as an alternative effort in handling vehicle emissions, especially diesel engines. The tool in the form of a dual external exhaust system with activated charcoal and a reheater with temperature variations from the reheater at temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C, and 250 °C is used in conventional diesel vehicles and common rail diesel vehicles. Tests are taken 3 times on each specimen/variation. The results of this study show that first, there is an effect of dual external exhaust systems with activated charcoal and reheater on the exhaust gas emissions of conventional diesel engines, the effect obtained is a decrease in CO emission results from 0.47 to 0.10 with a percentage decrease of 78% and Opacity from 82 to 46 with a percentage of 44%. Then the second is the influence of dual external exhaust systems with activated charcoal and reheaters on the exhaust gas emissions of common rail type diesel engines. The effect obtained was a decrease in CO emission results from 0.05 to 0.01 with a percentage decrease of 80% and Opacity from 32 to 23 by 28%
Strength Analysis of Rollers and Supports of A Hydraulic Dynamometer Chassis Using Finite Element Method
The measuring performance tool of electric motorcycle in Indonesia is limited, which in contrast to the rapid development of motorcycle technology. Therefore, this study aims to develop a chassis hydraulic dynamometer as a tool to measure the mechanical parameters of electric motorcycles This research was conducted using an experimental method based on simulations with SolidWorks 2022 software as the simulation tool for roller and support strength. Simulation was performed on variations 35 mm, 40 mm, and 45 mm shaft diameter roller, using AISI 1045 steel material. Based on calculations and simulation results, a roller with a 35 mm shaft diameter can withstand the applied external load with a maximum von Mises stress of 2,394 x 108 N/m2², a maximum strain of 7,283 x 10-4, a maximum displacement of 6,275 x 10-2 mm, and a minimum safety factor of 2.2. Based on calculations and simulation results, the roller with a 35 mm shaft diameter is safe, optimal, and efficient in terms of material usage. Therefore, a roller with a 35 mm shaft diameter and SKF UCP 207 support was selected for use on the chassis hydraulic dynamometer
Analysis of Battery Pack Cooling System Design Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Method in Electric Vehicle
The objective of this research is to address the heat increase in the battery, ensuring it remains below 40°C through a cooling system. Through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, the impact of using Aluminium 6061, Aluminium Duralumin, and Copper, as well as the effects of cooling fluids H2O and Ethylene Glycol on the battery pack cooling system, are analyzed. Data collection is conducted using Solidworks 2022 with the Flow Simulation feature, followed by a descriptive statistical analysis to identify the optimal cooling system for the battery pack. Simulation results indicate the most optimal performance at an inlet speed of 3 m/s. For H2O, Copper maintains a temperature of 37.14°C, while Aluminium 6061 and Aluminium Duralumin reach temperatures of 37.36°C and 37.34°C, respectively. In the case of Ethylene Glycol at a speed of 3 m/s, Copper records a temperature of 194.75°C, while Aluminium 6061 and Aluminium Duralumin achieve temperatures of 197.94°C and 195.34°C, respectively. Based on this research, Copper and H2O are identified as the best choices.