The Comparative Study: Protecting Children’s Rights Through Law Reform of Restorative Justice in Juvenile Cases

Dian Ekawaty Ismail; Nadzriah Ahmad; Avelia Rahmah Y. Mantali; Mohamad Rivaldi Moha; Andika Wardhana Machmud

doi:10.15294/jllr.v6i2.13724

Authors

Dian Ekawaty Ismail Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-2472
Nadzriah Ahmad Faculty of Law, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-5552
Avelia Rahmah Y. Mantali Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8890-5053
Mohamad Rivaldi Moha Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1050-7691
Andika Wardhana Machmud Master of Law, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0364-6745

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v6i2.13724

Keywords:

Restorative Justice, Juvenile Case, Character, Children’s Rights

Abstract

The high influence of the internet plays a role in the increase in criminal acts that use children as the main perpetrators. In legal involvement on the part of the child as a suspect, the law must consider the mental aspects of the child. Children who come into contact with the law are often confronted with the Juvenile Justice System (JJS). The judge’s decision following the trial can have negative effects on the child. Restorative Justice through the implementation of Diversion is a step that law enforcement officials can take to prevent children from facing trial situations. This study aims to examine the implementation of Restorative Justice in juvenile cases and analyze its role in shaping character and safeguarding children’s rights amid the challenges of the digital era. This research used normative legal research by examining literature studies from primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this research indicate that the implementation of Restorative Justice in juvenile cases can be carried out in the Pre-Adjudication stage (investigation and inquiry), Adjudication stage (prosecution and trial), and Post-Adjudication stage (execution of sentences). Meanwhile, the implementation of Restorative Justice in building character and protecting children’s rights can be achieved through the integration of restorative justice principles, including education and awareness, rehabilitation approach, active participation of children, involvement of victims, use of alternative sanctions, collaboration with experts, respecting children, and developing social and emotional skills.

References

Amarini, Indriati, Gamalel Rifqi Samhudi, Safitri Mukarromah, Noorfajri Ismail, and Yusuf Saefudin. “Social Reintegration after the Implementation of Restorative Justice in the Indonesian Criminal Code.” Jurnal Media Hukum 31, no. 1 (May 13, 2024): 115–33. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v31i1.20655.

Andini, Orin Gusta, Nilasari Nilasari, and Andreas Avelino Eurian. “Restorative Justice in Indonesia Corruption Crime: A Utopia.” Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 31, no. 1 (April 13, 2023): 72–90. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v31i1.24247.

Arumbinang, Mohammad Hazyar, Yordan Gunawan, and Andi Agus Salim. “Prohibition of Child Recruitment as Soldiers: An International Regulatory Discourse.” Jurnal Media Hukum 30, no. 1 (July 27, 2023): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v30i1.19322.

Aston, Elizabeth V., Megan O’Neill, Yvonne Hail, and Andrew Wooff. “Information Sharing in Community Policing in Europe: Building Public Confidence.” European Journal of Criminology 20, no. 4 (July 2023): 1349–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/14773708211037902.

Aulawi, Muhamad Haris, Yordan Gunawan, M. Hanaan Alfarizi, and Manuel Campos Lago. “Governing Indonesia’s Plan to Halt Bauxite Ore Exports: Is Indonesia Ready to Fight Lawsuit at the WTO?” BESTUUR 11, no. 1 (August) (April 12, 2023): 26. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i1.69178.

Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum Dan HAM RI. “Pengkajian Hukum Tentang Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak-Anak,” 2013. https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/laporan_akhir_pengkajian_restorative_justice_anak.pdf.

Badu, Lisnawaty Wadju, and Julisa Aprilia Kaluku. “Restorative Justice In the Perspective of Customary Law: A Solution to the Settlement of Narcotics Crimes Committed by Children.” Jambura Law Review 4, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 313–27. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v4i2.11664.

Bawono, Bambang Tri, and Henning Glaser. “The Urgency of Restorative Justice Regulation on Hate Speech.” BESTUUR 11, no. 2 (December 19, 2024): 364. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i2.82508.

Bolitho, Jane. “Putting Justice Needs First: A Case Study of Best Practice in Restorative Justice.” Restorative Justice 3, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 256–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/20504721.2015.1069531.

Chandranegara, Ibnu Sina, and Syaiful Bakhri. “Institutional Arrangements of the Political Party Wing on the Functions of Political Parties.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 12, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 153. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v12i2.a17870.

Daly, Kathleen. “What Is Restorative Justice? Fresh Answers to a Vexed Question.” Victims & Offenders 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 9–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2015.1107797.

Danawiharja, Yusuf Luqita. “Analisis Yuridis Penerapan Diversi Terhadap Anak Yang Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Dihubungkan Dengan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Diversi Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.” Aktualita (Jurnal Hukum), December 17, 2020, 463–85. https://doi.org/10.29313/aktualita.v0i0.6325.

Dewata*, Adhiyoga Wira, R. B. Sularto, and Tri Laksmi Indraswati. “DIVERSI SEBAGAI AKTUALISASI KONSEP RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM (STUDI PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA OLEH ANAK DI WILAYAH PENGADILAN NEGERI SEMARANG).” Diponegoro Law Journal 5, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2016.11298.

Díaz Gude, Alejandra, and Iván Navarro Papic. “Restorative Justice and Legal Culture.” Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 1 (February 2020): 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895818796549.

Firdaus, Muhammad, Chryshnanda Dwilaksana, and Muhammad Daffa Auliarizky Onielda. “Shifting Polri’s Law Enforcement Strategy: Restorative Justice for Public Trust.” Jurnal Media Hukum 30, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 153–70. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.v30i2.18628.

Gang, Daye, Bebe Loff, Bronwyn Naylor, and Maggie Kirkman. “A Call for Evaluation of Restorative Justice Programs.” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 22, no. 1 (January 2021): 186–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019833003.

Ghoni, Mahendra Ridwanul, and Pujiyono Pujiyono. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum Melalui Implementasi Diversi di Indonesia.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 3 (August 28, 2020): 331–42. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v2i3.331-342.

González, Thalia. “The Legalization of Restorative Justice: A Fifty-State Empirical Analysis.” Utah Law Review 2019, no. 5 (January 1, 2020). https://dc.law.utah.edu/ulr/vol2019/iss5/3.

Gunawan, Yordan, and Zulfiani Ayu Astutik. “The Importance of Bilateral Agreement on Mandatory Consular Notification for Indonesia: Tuti Tursilawati Execution.” Jurnal Hukum Novelty 10, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 85–100.

Haerul, Agus, and Zainuddin Zainuddin. “Restorative Justice: An Approach in the Settlement of Land Crimes in the Indonesian National Police.” European Journal of Law and Political Science 2, no. 2 (April 11, 2023): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2023.2.2.78.

Hodgson, Jodie. “Offending Girls and Restorative Justice: A Critical Analysis.” Youth Justice 22, no. 2 (August 2022): 166–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473225420967751.

Humaidi, M. Wildan, and Inna Soffika Rahmadanti. “Constitutional Design of State Policy as Guidelines on Indonesia’s Presidential System Development Plan.” Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, June 28, 2023, 61–76. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v6i1.7981.

Marder, Ian D. “Mapping Restorative Justice and Restorative Practices in Criminal Justice in the Republic of Ireland.” International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 70 (September 2022): 100544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2022.100544.

Muhammad, Ali. “THE RESTORATIVE JUSTICE APPROACH TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILDREN’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDONESIA.” Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 1, no. 2 (November 24, 2018): 189–98. https://doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v1i2.32.

Mulyawarman, I Gede Adhi, Putu Gede Arya Sumerta Yasa, and Lamberton Cait. “Blocking Dangerous Content in Electronic Communications Networks: Evidence from Netherlands, United States and Singapore.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2024): 237–62. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v4i1.216.

Pavelka, Sandra. “Restorative Justice in the States: An Analysis of Statutory Legislation and Policy.” Justice Policy Journal 2, no. 13 (January 10, 2016): 1–23. https://www.cjcj.org/media/import/documents/jpj_restorative_justice_in_the_states.pdf.

Republic of Indonesia. Government Regulation Number 65 of 2015 on Implementation of Diversion and Handling of Children Under 12 Years of Age (Twelve). Accessed May 27, 2024. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/5641.

Rochaeti, Nur, Mujiono Hafidh Prasetyo, Umi Rozah, and Jihyun Park. “A Restorative Justice System in Indonesia: A Close View from the Indigenous Peoples’ Practices.” Sriwijaya Law Review 7, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 87. https://doi.org/10.28946/slrev.Vol7.Iss1.1919.pp87-104.

Satria, Hariman. “Restorative Justice: Paradigma Baru Peradilan Pidana.” Jurnal Media Hukum 25, no. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.2018.0107.111-123.

Sinta, Maya. “Legal Protection for Criminal Justice: A Book Review ‘Restorative Justice Di Indonesia’, Ahmad Syharil Yunus SH and Dr. Irsyad Dahri SH MH, Guepedia, Bogor Indonesia, 2021, 142 Pages, ISBN 978-623-5525-98-3.” Lex Scientia Law Review 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 561–69. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i2.61096.

Siregar, Vivi Arfiani. “PERSPEKTIF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM PERLINDUNGAN ANAK SEBAGAI SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA.” Jurnal Hukum Das Sollen 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2020). https://ejournal.unisi.ac.id/index.php/das-sollen/article/view/1149.

Sliva, Shannon, and Carolyn Lambert. “Restorative Justice Legislation in the American States: A Statutory Analysis of Emerging Legal Doctrine.” Journal of Policy Practice 14 (April 7, 2015): 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/15588742.2015.1017687.

Suharto, Gilang Ramadhan. “Restorative Justice Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia.” Lex Crimen IV, no. 1 (2015). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexcrimen/article/view/6998.

Sukardi, Sukardi, and Hadi Rahmat Purnama. “Restorative Justice Principles in Law Enforcement and Democracy in Indonesia.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 155–90. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i1.53057.

Tongat, Tongat. “Death Penalty in Indonesia: Between Criminal Law and Islamic Law Perspectives.” Legality : Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 32, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 90–104. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v32i1.32335.

Wahyudi, Setya. Implementasi Ide Diversi Dalam Pembaruan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2011.

Wardani Amnesti, Sheila Kusuma, Jundiani Jundiani, Siti Zulaichah, Mohd Shahid Mohd Noh, and Lailatul Fitriyah. “Higher Education with Disabilities Policy: Ensuring Equality Inclusive Education in Indonesia, Singapore and United States.” Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System 3, no. 3 (November 20, 2023): 412–40. https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.135.

Wibowo, Ribut, Ahmad Busro, and Ani Purwanti. “Reassessing Restorative Justice: Addressing Sexual Violence Cases in Indonesia.” Indonesia Law Review 13, no. 3 (December 31, 2023). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/ilrev/vol13/iss3/8.

Widyawati, Anis, Muhammad Azil Maskur, Rohadhatul Aisy, Papontee Teeraphan, and Heru Setyanto. “The Urgency of Supervision Institutions in Implementing Prisoners’ Rights as an Effort to Restructure Criminal Execution Laws.” Jambura Law Review 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2025): 127–51. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v7i1.27595.

Willis, Roxana. “‘Let’s Talk about It’: Why Social Class Matters to Restorative Justice.” Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 2 (April 2020): 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895818804307.

Zakaria, Siti Marziah, Juliana Rosmidah Jaafar, and Nor Hazila Mat Lazim. “Employment Issues Among Ex-Offenders: Difficulties in Securing Employment and Barriers of Employment.” International Journal for Studies on Children, Women, Elderly, And Disabled 5 (2018).

Zhou, Zheng, and Wan-chi Wong. “Three- and Five-Year-Olds’ Restorative Intervention in Moral Transgressions.” Cognitive Development 62 (April 2022): 101171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2022.101171.

Zulfa, Eva. “RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN INDONESIA: TRADITIONAL VALUE.” Indonesia Law Review 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2011). https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v1n2.81.