Indonesia's Land Bank Authority: Aligning with Agrarian Law or Facilitating Land Grabbing?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v5i4.14472

Keywords:

Land Bank, Land Grabbing, Agrarian Reform

Abstract

This research critically examines Indonesia's land bank regulations, introduced under the Job Creation Law to boost investment, but which risk promoting land grabbing, particularly affecting farming and indigenous communities. The study's novelty lies in its focus on assessing the compatibility of land bank policies with Indonesia's agrarian legal framework through the lens of legal utilitarianism. By employing normative research methods, including theoretical and regulatory analysis, the study identifies significant legal flaws in both the legislative process and the content of the regulations. These issues undermine the principles of agrarian justice, particularly in ensuring equitable land ownership rights. This research offers urgent recommendations to policymakers, advocating for the protection of vulnerable communities from the adverse effects of land bank policies.

References

Agung, Mas Iswari Trisnawathi Anak, and I Dewa Gede Dana Sugama. “Persidangan Perkara Pidana Secara Elektronik Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19.” Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 7 (2022): 1550-1559.

Artaji, Artaji, et al. "Resolution of Agrarian Conflicts on Plantation Land through Restorative Justice in Indonesia." Lex Scientia Law Review 8, no. 1 (2024): 109-138.

Bening, Wahyu, and Ilham Dwi Rafiqi. “Permasalahan Hukum Pengaturan Bank Tanah Pasca UndangUndang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja.” Jurnal Suara Hukum 4, no. 2 (2022): 265-298.

Bludnik, Izabela. “Digitalisation as a Driving Force for Land Grabbing in the Global South.” Procedia Computer Science 207 (2022): 265–271.

Boberg-Fazlić, Nina, Markus Lampe, Pablo Martinelli Lasheras, and Paul Sharp. “Winners and Losers from Agrarian Reform: Evidence from Danish Land Inequality 1682–1895.” Journal of Development Economics 155 (2022): 102813.

BRWA. “Statistik Pengakuan.” Badan Registrasi Wilayah Adat (BRWA), online at https://brwa.or.id/stats_pengakuan, 2024.

Bushman, Gregory, Michelle C. Kondo, Laney A. Rupp, Bernadette C. Hohl, Catherine H. Gong, and Marc A. Zimmerman. “Associations between Land Bank Ownership and Stewardship of Vacant Properties and Crime, Violence, and Youth Victimization in Flint, MI.” American Journal of Community Psychology 72, no. 3–4 (2023): 428–442.

Christiani, Theresia Anita. “Normative and Empirical Research Methods: Their Usefulness and Relevance in the Study of Law as an Object.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 219 (2016): 201–207.

Chung, Hun. “Rawls’s Self-Defeat: A Formal Analysis.” Erkenntnis 85, no. 5 (2020): 1169–1197.

Danendra, Maulana Rafi, and Dian Arif Mujiburohman. “Pembentukan Bank Tanah: Merencanakan Ketersediaan Tanah Untuk Percepatan Pembangunan di Indonesia.” Jurnal Widya Bhumi 2, no. 2 (2022): 1-20.

Dwi Indriati, Ervina, Sary Ana, and Nunung Nugroho. “Philosophy of Law and the Development of Law as a Normative Legal Science.” International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2022): 425–432.

Fahmi, Chairul, Azka Amalia Jihad, Akihisa Matsuno, Faisal Fauzan, and Peter-Tobias Stoll. “Defining Indigenous in Indonesia and Its Applicability to the International Legal Framework on Indigenous People’s Rights.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 8, no. 2 (2023): 1019-1064.

Faxon, Hilary Oliva, Jenny E. Goldstein, Micah R. Fisher, and Glenn Hunt. “Territorializing Spatial Data: Controlling Land through One Map Projects in Indonesia and Myanmar.” Political Geography 98 (2022): 102651.

Hadi, Sudharto P., Rizkiana S. Hamdani, and Ali Roziqin. “A Sustainability Review on the Indonesian Job Creation Law.” Heliyon 9, no. 2 (2023): e13431.

Hanafy, Hend. “Bentham: Punishment and the Utilitarian Use of Persons as Means.” Journal of Bentham Studies 19, no. 1 (2021): 1-23.

Handayani, I. Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi, et al. "The Politics Settlement of Land Tenure Conflicts During Jokowi’s Presidency." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, no. 2 (2022): 487-524.

Hartvigsen, Morten, Tomas Versinskas, and Maxim Gorgan. “European Good Practices On Land Banking And Its Application In Eastern Europe And Central Asia.” FIG e-Working Week 2021: Smart Surveyors for Land and Water Management—Challenges in a New Reality, June 21-25, 2021.

Hurtado-Hurtado, Carolina, Dionisio Ortiz-Miranda, and Eladio Arnalte-Alegre. “Disentangling the Paths of Land Grabbing in Colombia: The Role of the State and Legal Mechanisms.” Land Use Policy 137 (2024): 106998.

Kafrawi, Rachman Maulana. “Kajian Yuridis Badan Bank Tanah dalam Hukum Agraria Indonesia.” Perspektif Hukum 22, no. 1 (2022): 109–138.

Kolosov, Igor V., and Konstantin E. Sigalov. “Was J. Bentham The First Legal Utilitarian?” RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 2 (2020): 438–471.

KPA. “Gerakan Reforma Agraria Sulteng Tolak Operasi Bank Tanah di Poso.” https://www.kpa.or.id/2023/07/30/gerakan-reforma-agraria-sulteng-tolak-operasi-bank-tanah-di-poso/, July 30, 2023.

KPA. “Hentikan Pencucian HGU Dan Sabotase Reforma Agraria Melalui Bank Tanah.” https://www.kpa.or.id/2023/07/25/hentikan-pencucian-hgu-dan-sabotase-reforma-agraria-melalui-bank-tanah/, June 25, 2023.

Land Bank of Taiwan. “Estabilishment.” https://www.landbank.com.tw/En/Category/Items/Es tablishment, 2022.

Liao, Chuan, and Arun Agrawal. “Towards a Science of ‘Land Grabbing.’” Land Use Policy 137 (2024): 107002.

Lind, Kermit J. “The Land Bank Revolution: How Ohio’s Communities Fought Back against the Foreclosure Crisis , by Jim Rokakis and Gus Frangos.” Journal of Urban Affairs 43, no. 8 (2021): 1200–1201.

Mahfud, Muh., and Suteki Suteki. “Agrarian Injustice and the Absence of a Maximum Limit of Land Ownership for Legal Entities.” In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Law, Economics and Governance, IWLEG 2022, 27 July 2022, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2023.

Margulis, Matias E., Nora McKeon, and Saturnino M. Borras. “Land Grabbing and Global Governance: Critical Perspectives.” Globalizations 10, no. 1 (2013): 1–23.

Media Indonesia. “Bank Tanah Beraksi Di IKN, Warga Bergerak.” https://epaper.mediaindonesia.com/detail/bank-tanah-beraksi-di-ikn-warga-bergerak, June 20, 2023.

Muhdi, Kolipatul. “Tinjauan Hukum Islam Praktek Sewa Menyewa Lahan Pertanian di Desa Getasrejo Kec. Grobogan.” Thesis. (Semarang: Institut Agama Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, 2013).

Ninomiya, Melody E Morton, Nicole Burns, Nathaniel J Pollock, Nadia T G Green, Jessica Martin, Janice Linton, Jenny R Rand, Laura Jane Brubacher, Arn Keeling, and Alex Latta. “Indigenous Communities and the Mental Health Impacts of Land Dispossession Related to Industrial Resource Development: A Systematic Review.” The Lancet Planetary Health 7, no. 6 (2023): e501–5017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00079-7.

Pandamdari, Endang. “Tinjauan Yuridis Klaster Pertanahan Pada Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Pasca Berlakunya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi 91/PUU-XVIII/2020.” Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Pembangunan Hukum 4, no. 2 (2022): 17–25.

Pardede, Marulak. “Hak Menguasai Negara Dalam Jaminan Kepastian Hukum Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Dan Peruntukannya.” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 19, no. 4 (2019): 405-420.

Rafly, Muhamad, and Abdul Halim. “Perlindungan Hukum Masyarakat Adat Terhadap Asas Domain Verklaring Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Tentang Bank Tanah.” JUrnal USM Law Review 6, no. 3 (2023): 1136-1149.

Referandum, Citra, Muhammad Rasyid Ridha, Muhammad Fadhil Alfathan Nazwar, Reyhan Rizki Nata, Muhammad Ridwan Herdika, Abdan Ramadhani Widin Florestu, Safaraldy Widodo, Rahmi Amelia, and Melki Sedek Huang. UU Cipta Kerja & Aturan Pelaksanaannya: Upaya Perampasan Hak-Hak Rakyat Atas Tanah Dan Hak-Hak Pekerja. Edited by Siti Rakhma Mary Herwati. (Jakarta: Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Jakarta, 2022).

Republic of Indonesia. “Government Regulation Number 124 of 2021 Concerning Land Bank Authority Capital (State Gazzete No. 289 of 2021).

Republic of Indonesia. “Government Regulation Number 64 of 2021 Concerning Land Bank Authority (State Gazzete No. 109 of 2021).”

Republic of Indonesia. “Presidential Regulation Number 47 of 2020 Concerning the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning (ATR/BPN) (State Gazette No. 83 of 2020).”

Republic of Indonesia. “Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 Concerning Agrarian Reform (State Gazzete 172 of 2018).”

Risfa Izzati, Nabiyla. “Deregulation in Job Creation Law: The Future of Indonesian Labor Law.” PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 9, no. 2 (2022): 191–209.

Ristiyanti, Jihan. “Ancaman Konflik Bank Tanah.”TEMPO, https://koran.tempo.co/read/berita-utama/479520/kehadiran-bank-tanah-dalam-perpu-cipta-kerja-bakal-pertajam-konflik-agraria, January 10, 2023.

Roestamy, Martin, Abraham Yazdi Martin, Radif Khotamir Rusli, and Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky. “A Review of the Reliability of Land Bank Institution in Indonesia for Effective Land Management of Public Interest.” Land Use Policy 120 (2022): 106275.

Sari, Ria Maya. “Potensi Perampasan Wilayah Masyarakat Hukum Adat Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja.” Mulawarman Law Review 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–14.

Siagian, Abdul Hakim. “Omnibus Law Draft in the Perspective of Constitutionality and Legal Politics.” Jambura Law Review 3, no. 1 (2021): 93–111.

Stanziani, Alessandro. “Utilitarianism and the Question of Free Labor in Russia and India, in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” International Journal of Asian Studies 18, no. 2 (2021): 153–171.

Subekti, Rahayu, Adi Sulistiyono, Diah Pawestri Maharani, and I Gusti Ayu Gangga Santi Dewi. “The Urgency of the Legal Strategy of Abandoned-Land Use through the Formation of Land Bank in Indonesia.” Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (2023): 2239050.

Sumanto, Listyowati. “Perspective of Land Banking Regulation in Indonesia and Its Issues.” In Proceedings of the 3rd Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Science 2021 (BIS-HSS 2021), 1005–10. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2023.

Supeno, and Herma Yanti. “Regulations Concerning International Arbitral Awards in Indonesia An Approach to the Theory of Legal Values by Gustav Radbruch.” Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 12, no. 2 (2022): 298–325.

Suryanto, and Umi Khulsum. “The Principle of the State’s Right to Control Land on the Establishment of a Land Bank in Indonesia’s Perspective of Agrarian Reform.” Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 22, no. 3 (2022): 536–539.

Taufiq, Fida Nabilah, Mohammad Hamidi Masykur, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "Challenges Arising from Article 22 (2) of Ministerial Regulation ATR/BPN No. 6/2018 on Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) Pertaining to Insufficient or Missing Evidence of Community Land Ownership." Unnes Law Journal 9, no. 2 (2023): 419-440.

The Land Bank of the Philippines. “Milestone In Corporate Existence.” https://www. landbank. com/about-us/about-landbank/history, 2020.

Tulone, Antonio, Antonino Galati, Simone Pecoraro, Anna Carroccio, Dario Siggia, Michele Virzì, and Maria Crescimanno. “Main Intrinsic Factors Driving Land Grabbing in the African Countries’ Agro-Food Industry.” Land Use Policy 120 (September 2022): 106225.

Yang, Bin, and Jun He. “Global Land Grabbing: A Critical Review of Case Studies across the World.” Land 10, no. 3 (2021): 324.

Yaputra, Hendrik. “Aturan Tentang Bank Tanah Digugat.” TEMPO https://koran.tempo.co/read/nasional/480276/aturan-tentang-bank-tanah-digugat, February 14, 2023.

Zefanya, Audry, and Fransiscus Xaverius Arsin Lukman. “Tolak Ukur Pemenuhan Penguasaan Fisik Atas Tanah Melalui Surat Pernyataan Penguasaan Fisik Bidang Tanah.” Jurnal USM Law Review 5, no. 2 (2022): 441-454.

Zein, Subhan. “Reformasi Agraria dari Dulu Hingga Sekarang di Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara 9, no. 2 (2019): 121–135.

Downloads

Article ID

14472

Published

15-12-2024

How to Cite

“Indonesia’s Land Bank Authority: Aligning With Agrarian Law or Facilitating Land Grabbing?”. 2024. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 5 (4): 1609-44. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v5i4.14472.