Tripartite Synergy in the Urban Agrarian Reform Model for the Legality of Low-Income Community Settlements

Suhadi Suhadi; Tri Andari Dahlan; Asmarani Ramli; Dani Muhtada; Fezer Tamas

doi:10.15294/jllr.v7i3.47777

Authors

Suhadi Suhadi Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5899-0826
Tri Andari Dahlan Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3537-0792
Asmarani Ramli Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5403-9862
Dani Muhtada Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3537-0792
Fezer Tamas Faculty of Law, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-6831

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v7i3.47777

Keywords:

Urban Agrarian Reform, Tripartite Collaboration, Settlement Legalization, Low-Income Communities, Spatial Justice

Abstract

Urban development in Indonesia reflects a persistent paradox: rapid growth coexists with unequal access to land and housing for low-income communities. The urban population increased from 53.3% in 2015 to 56.39% in 2022, while slum areas still covered approximately 88,662.69 hectares nationwide, including 8,912.33 hectares in Central Java. This condition forces many low-income residents to occupy land informally without legal certainty, exposing them to eviction and social vulnerability. This study aims to examine a collaborative urban agrarian reform model based on tripartite synergy among government, academics, and civil society to support settlement legalization. The research employs a normative juridical method with an interdisciplinary approach integrating legal analysis, spatial justice theory, and public policy. The findings reveal that fragmented regulations, weak institutional coordination, and top-down governance approaches hinder effective legalization. In cities such as Semarang, many informal settlements potentially qualify as land objects of agrarian reform but remain unaddressed due to administrative and regulatory constraints. This study proposes a collaborative model involving participatory land identification, legal status assessment, and integrated cross-sectoral policy implementation. It concludes that tripartite synergy enhances legal certainty, reduces land conflicts, and supports inclusive and sustainable urban development by aligning legal frameworks with social realities.

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