Journal of Nonformal Education and Community Empowerment
Journal of Nonformal Education and Community Empowerment starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jnfc MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal of Nonformal Education and Community Empowerment [p-ISSN 2549-1539 | e-ISSN 2579-4256] was published biannually (June and December) by the Department of Non-formal Education, Faculty of Education, State University of Semarang, Indonesia. This journal is in collaboration with the Association of Non-formal & Informal Education Academics and the Association of Academics and the Indonesian Penmas Study Program which contains research articles in the field of Non-formal Education with the scope of: - Community Based Education: literacy, courses, training, life skills, community empowerment, social work; - Family Based Education: parenting, early childhood education, homeschooling. The Journal of Nonformal Education is an international research journal with open access, a journal supported by a board of experts from various countries. Journal of Non-formal Education is an open-access international research journal, a journal supported by a board of experts from various countries. Editors accept scientific writings in the form of research articles in the field of non-formal education that have never been published in other media. Incoming manuscripts are evaluated and edited for uniformity of format. Editors can change the text according to the style of the envelope without changing the content. Indexing and Abstracting:
Social Reintegration of School Dropouts Through Nonformal Education at Suka Mandiri CLC
Adolescents who have dropped out of school face various challenges in their identity development that can affect their self-confidence, social relationships, and ability to reintegrate into society. This situation not only results in the interruption of formal education but also triggers identity crises, social stigma, and obstacles to social reintegration. Non-formal education provided through Community Learning Centers (CLC) offers a "second chance" for these adolescents to continue their education while rebuilding their identities and social roles. This study aims to: (1) understand the experiences of school dropouts in facing identity formation challenges; (2) uncover the meaning they attach to their experiences in non-formal education at CLC Suka Mandiri; and (3) describe the social reintegration process experienced by these adolescents after participating in the program. A qualitative approach using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving eight adolescents who had dropped out of school and were attending CLC Suka Mandiri in Lamongan Regency. The findings reveal that these adolescents face identity-related challenges such as the loss of student status, social stigma, diminished self-confidence, and uncertainty about the future driven by familial, social, and personal factors. Their experience at the CLC is perceived as an opportunity to gain social acceptance, develop skills, rebuild self-confidence, and find new hope for the future. This process fosters identity reconstruction, characterized by increased self-belief, a commitment to pursuing further education or employment, and greater participation within their families and communities. Keywords: Adolescent identity, school dropouts, non-formal education, CLC, social reintegration, phenomenology, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA)
Copyright (c) 2026 khoirun Nisa Islamiati, Wiwin Yulianingsih, Shobri Firman Susanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Homeschooling Management in Supporting an Inclusive Learning Environment at PKBM Think Indonesia School
This study aims to analyze the implementation of homeschooling management in supporting an inclusive learning environment at the Think Indonesia School Community Learning Center (PKBM) in Sidoarjo. The focus of the study covers the functions of planning, organizing, implementing, and controlling management. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation of students, parents, and mentors. The results show that the implementation of homeschooling management at the Think Indonesia School Community Learning Center (PKBM) is effective in creating an inclusive learning environment. Planning is carried out comprehensively through an in-depth initial assessment, including mapping individual potential using the STIFIn instrument, as well as the development of an adaptive curriculum centered on the needs of students. The organization is characterized by a streamlined, functional, and hierarchical structure, with a clear division of tasks to support program specialization. The implementation of learning adopts a flexible hybrid system, with an emphasis on building psychological comfort, a personal approach by mentors, the use of participatory methods, and the integration of vocational skills programs. This approach successfully heals learning trauma, increases independence, and increases intrinsic motivation among students. Continuous control is carried out through monitoring, comprehensive evaluation (academic, psychological, and social), intensive communication with parents, and adaptive follow-up to ensure quality services and individual development. Harmonizing these four management functions has successfully created an alternative educational ecosystem that focuses not only on academic achievement but also on the psychological well-being and optimization of students' potential.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lita Kristiana, I Ketut Atmaja J A, Sjafiatul Mardliyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inclusive Education Strategies for Achieving Learning Outcomes for Bajo Children at PKBM Ula-Ula Nusantara
Inclusive education provides opportunities for every student, including Bajo children, to receive educational services tailored to their needs and potential. This study aims to describe the inclusive education strategy at the Ula-Ula Sama Nusantara Community Learning Center (PKBM) and identify supporting and inhibiting factors for its implementation. The method used was a qualitative approach using interviews, observation, and documentation techniques, involving the PKBM head, the deputy head of curriculum, tutors, students, and parents. The results showed that the inclusive education strategy includes flexible curriculum adjustments, life skills-based learning, and strengthening character and social skills. Supporting factors include a flexible curriculum and tutor commitment, while inhibiting factors include limited facilities, tutor competence, and suboptimal parental support. In conclusion, the strategy creates an adaptive and participatory learning environment, supporting the non-academic learning outcomes of Bajo children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aswading, Yatim Riyanto, Sjafiatul Mardliyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of an Embroidery Tutorial Book to Improve Vocational Skills in Grade IX Deaf Children at Karimun State Special Needs School
Development of an Embroidery Tutorial Book to Improve Vocational Skills in Grade IX Deaf Children at Karimun State Special Needs School. Karimun University 2025. This study describes the limitations of deaf children in vocational skills, especially embroidery. This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of an embroidery tutorial book to improve vocational skills in deaf children at Karimun State Special Needs School. This study uses the RnD (Research and Development) research type with data collection using interviews and questionnaires conducted by a team of media experts, a team of material experts, teacher responses and testing the embroidery tutorial book using pretests and posttests. The type of data produced is qualitative by conducting data analysis in accordance with the assessment criteria guidelines so as to determine the quality of the embroidery tutorial book developed. The results of this study are in the form of an embroidery tutorial book that is used as a guide for deaf children in embroidery vocational skills. Based on the assessment of the media expert team, the average value was 83% with a very valid category, the assessment of the material expert team obtained an average value of 80% with a valid category, the assessment of the teacher's response trial also obtained an average value of 83.5% with a very valid category. While the results of the effectiveness test using the N-gain formula obtained an average increase in value of 0.75% with a high category when viewed from the N-gain interpretation table. It can be concluded that the development of this embroidery tutorial book is declared feasible and effective for improving the vocational abilities of deaf children. This developed tutorial book has a novelty in the form of providing embroidery cloth, namely strimin cloth as a direct implementation in the book. The benefits of this embroidery tutorial book are as a forum or place to hone children's vocational skills, especially in embroidery activities, train children's patience, train children's focus, and train children's fine motor skills.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuni Asfira, Eka Lenggang Dianasari, Karunia Yulinda Khairiyah, Fitria Meilina, Hari Adi Rahmad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Inclusive Education at State Elementary School 003 Tebing, Karimun Regency
Implementation of Inclusive Education in SDN 003 Tebing, Karimun Regency. Thesis. Extraordinary Study Program. Karimun University, 2025. This research on inclusive education creates a system that is equitable and just by providing equal opportunities for all students, including children with special needs, to be able to learn together in an environment that is supportive, friendly, and respects differences. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research type that aims to determine the implementation of inclusive education at SDN 003 Tebing, Karimun Regency. This study uses a case study methodology. Data collected from the initial source of the study is known as primary data. Interviews with class teachers and principals are the main data sources for this study. data collection methods used by researchers, observation, interviews and documentation. Good measuring instruments in research are usually called research instruments. Data analysis in qualitative research is carried out before entering the field, while in the field, and after completion in the field. The results of the research on the components of inclusive education implementation are: 1). SD Negeri 003 Tebing limits the acceptance of PDBK to a maximum of 20 students per year to maintain the quality of inclusive services. The school conducts tiered identification and has carried out assessments and collaborated with SLB and psychologists to improve the quality of inclusive education; 2). SD Negeri 003 Tebing has implemented the Independent Curriculum for regular students, but the modifications have not been based on a comprehensive assessment of the abilities and individual needs of inclusive students; 3). SD Negeri 003 Tebing does not yet have teachers with a PLB background, so learning for inclusive students is less than optimal. To overcome this, the school collaborates through weekly mentoring and routine therapy programs; 4). The role of GPK is very important in supporting effective and targeted inclusive learning. SD Negeri 003 Tebing also partners with SLB Negeri Karimun through weekly mentoring and routine therapy programs; 5). Inclusive schools still face obstacles in assessing class promotions because there are no specific guidelines and achievement indicators for PDBK, although appreciation for academic and non-academic achievements has been given; 6). Physical facilities and aids for children with special needs at SD Negeri 003 Tebing are still inadequate, so special policy and budget support from the government is needed to support inclusive education. The goal of inclusive education which guarantees access, participation, and learning success for all children will not be achieved optimally. It can be concluded that inclusive education at SD Negeri 003 Tebing has realized fair, equal, and friendly education for all students without discrimination.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lala Susanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Posyandu Cadres in Reducing Malnutrition Rates (Stunting) in Toddlers in Belawan Sicanang Village, Medan Belawan District
This study aims to analyze the role of Posyandu cadres in reducing malnutrition (stunting) among toddlers in Belawan Sicanang Village, Medan Belawan District. Thus, the research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were generated and obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study illustrate that Posyandu cadres are central actors in mobilizing the community to be aware and care about health, especially in the implementation of Posyandu. They are not only implementers of activities, but also motivators, educators, and role models in the community. The success of the Posyandu program depends heavily on the consistency, communication skills, and dedication of the cadres in establishing good relationships with residents. There are several factors supporting the role of cadres in community empowerment, including: social closeness of cadres with the community, collaboration with community health centers and community leaders, and the availability of communication media. There are several factors inhibiting the role of cadres in community empowerment, such as: low health literacy, limited access and geographical conditions, and limited roles due to social relationships.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Anjani, Elizon Nainggolan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Community Leaders' Participation in the Implementation of the Environmental Security Care Movement Program in Kolam Village, Percut Sei Tuan District
This study aims to analyze the Participation of Community Leaders in the Implementation of the Environmental Security Care Movement Program (GPKL) in Kolam Village, Percut Sei Tuan District. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The subjects in this study were 4 people consisting of the Village Head, Hamlet Head, Karang Taruna, and Traditional Leaders. Data collection used interview, observation and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Data validity used source triangulation and method triangulation. The results of the study show that the participation of community leaders in caring for environmental security (GPKL) is: (1) material participation that includes money participation, and property/object participation, (2) non-material participation that includes thought participation, skill participation, and energy participation.
Environmental Security Care Movement Program
Copyright (c) 2025 Ratih syahfitri, Yusnadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Planning and Implementation of Educational Institutions at the LKP Nida Course
This research aims to narrative the planning and implementation at LKP Nida Course Kudus. This research uses a qualitative approach, the research subject is one person who owns the LKP Nida Course. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. For data validity, technical triangulation and source triangulation are used. Data analysis techniques with stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Where LKP Nida Course has its own administration for profits, asset improvements, employee salaries and so on. The results of the research show that management at LKP Nida Course is related to planning, training objectives, learning media, management which has been running well for 7 years.
Copyright (c) 2024 Riska Ayuning, Rismawati Rahayu, Wasis Wijayanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Community Network Development at the Indonesian Women's Empowerment Forum in South Bengkulu
The aim of this research is to determine the development of community networks at the Indonesian Women's Empowerment Forum (FPPI) in the Economic, Community, Cooperative and Entrepreneurship Program in South Bengkulu. The research method used was a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques use interview, observation and documentation techniques. It was concluded that to increase empowerment in the FPPI program, the first thing to do was to provide education and training, which provides access to women to obtain education and skills training that is relevant to labor market needs and facilitates women's access to capital; business, loans and other financial services to support business initiatives as well as building support and mentoring networks that enable women to share experiences, skills and support in developing careers or businesses.
Copyright (c) 2024 Citra Dwi Palenti, Ari Putra, Putri Regina Prayoga, Ririn Gusti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of the Independent Entrepreneurship Program on the Entrepreneurial Skills of EduBlankOn Participants at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
This study aims to determine the effect of the independent entrepreneurship program on the entrepreneurial skills of EduBlankOn participants at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. This research uses a quantitative approach. The method used in this research is correlation with a probability sampling technique (random sample). The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and documentation. From the results of the study, it is known that the t value is 12,137 with a Sig value. 0.002 <0.05, which means that there is a positive influence of the independent entrepreneurship program on entrepreneurial skills. Furthermore, from the coefficient of determination test, the value (R Square) is 43.1%, meaning that the independent entrepreneurship program has an influence of 43.1% on entrepreneurial skills. So it is concluded that there is a significant positive influence of the independent entrepreneurship program on the entrepreneurial skills of EduBlankOn participants at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Copyright (c) 2024 Berliana Permatasari, Safuri Musa, Uum Suminar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Independent Entrepreneurship Program in Developing Students' Interests in Becoming Social Entrepreneurs
The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of the independent entrepreneurship program in developing students' interest in entrepreneurship. Describe students' interest in becoming social entrepreneurs after participating in the 2023 UNY independent entrepreneurship program. Describe the supporting and inhibiting factors in students' interest in becoming social entrepreneurs. This research method uses a qualitative approach. The subjects in this study were the head of the organizers, supervisors, and 5 student participants in the program. The results of this study indicate the implementation of the 2023 UNY independent entrepreneurship program in developing students' interest in entrepreneurship was carried out very well, starting from the 3 stages of learning in the independent entrepreneurship program as indicators that influence students' interest in entrepreneurship. Students' interest in becoming social entrepreneurs shows a positive direction, based on students' experiences in participating in the entire series of independent entrepreneurship program activities. Supporting factors in students' interest in becoming social entrepreneurs are self-motivation, ability, feelings of happiness, and family support. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factor in students' interest in becoming social entrepreneurs is the community environment. This study provides a new contribution in understanding the role of the independent entrepreneurship program in shaping students' interest in social entrepreneurship. This study specifically explores the impact of participation experiences in the program on students' motivation and orientation towards social entrepreneurship, which has rarely been studied before. In addition, this study identifies unique supporting and inhibiting factors in the context of implementing entrepreneurship programs in higher education, especially in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2024 Anisa Septianing Pratiwi, Ika Rizqi Meilya, Ratna Sari Dewi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Public Relations Skills, Managerial Competencies, and Leadership Style in Community Learning Center Managers
The public relations skill of a community learning center (CLC) manager is a mediation between the institution and the public which will affect how the public perceives the institution's image. Furthermore, the managerial competence of CLC managers is assessed as the expertise to place the right people to do the appropriate work so that the managerial process can be optimized. A CLC manager in Malang Raya carries out his duties and functions through various leadership styles ranging from directing, coaching, supporting, and delegating leadership styles. The study aims to measure the influence of public relations skills and managerial competence on the leadership style of CLC managers using quantitative research methods with a sample of 39 CLC managers in Malang Raya by distributing questionnaires in the google forms that have been tested for validity and reliability to collect data. The data that has been collected is tested using the SPPSS application. Then the research hypothesis was analysed using multiple regression analysis techniques which showed that public relation skill and managerial competence had a significant partial influence on the leadership style of CLC managers in Malang Raya. Furthermore, the leadership style of CLC managers in Malang Raya is also influenced simultaneously by the variables of public relations skills and managerial competence, this is evidenced by the results of the F test, namely Fcount 16.283> Ftable 3.25. Then the value of R2 shows that public relations skills and managerial competence affect the improvement of the leadership style of CLC managers by 79.3%. Based on this research, CLC managers in Malang Raya could improve their leadership by optimizing their public relations skills and managerial competencies. Consequently, the policy makers in the local area can optimize this through the implementation of various relevant technical guidance or training.
Copyright (c) 2024 Devi Merina Tuz Sa'diyah, Rinawati Zailani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parent Care Patterns in Improving Social Intelligence in Basic School Children in SOS Children’s Village Semarang
This study aims to describe the form of foster care patterns implemented in SOS Children's Village Semarang and the parenting patterns of parents in the social intelligence of elementary school children in SOS Children's Village. This research uses a qualitative approach with qualitative descriptive methods. The subjects in this study were 1 supervisor, 3 foster mothers, and 3 children. The data collection technique is done using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study showed that the parenting styles applied by foster children at SOS Children's Village Semarang use parenting styles that tend to be democratic. The way of parenting applied at SOS Children's Village Semarang has been named Family Base Case, which is family-based care. This concept of parenting involves the foster mother as the main center in parenting, the child as a brother or sister. Then, the children's social intelligence at SOS Children's Village Semarang is sufficient to fulfill all aspects of their social skills. Such as communication skills, humor-making skills, friendship skills, group role skills, and politeness skills.
Copyright (c) 2024 Hana Nisrina Imarah, Mintarsih Arbarini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Students Creativity in Extracurricular Activities at Indonesian Natural School
Changes in contemporary life, such as concerns about lack of physical exercise, poor mental health, and the problems of climate change and environmental degradation, it can be argued that there is a greater need for children to be in touch with nature, for children to be interested in the environment. This study aims to describe the implementation of extracurricular craft and extracurricular comic activities and measure the creativity of these students as a result of the learning process in extracurricular activities at Sekolah Alam Indonesia in Palembang City. This research is qualitative descriptive research and supported by quantitative data. Data collection techniques use structured interviews, then corroborated with observation techniques, and documentation. Measurement of participants' creativity was carried out through descriptive statistical analysis with scoring and categorization. The results showed that in the learning process of extracurricular activities, the creativity of craft students tends to develop in the core learning activities compared to comic students. It is concluded that the creativity of students will develop optimally if the learning process is carried out with the right procedures, and the creativity of tutors is needed as a facilitator in conditioning a learning environment that allows students to learn actively and creatively.
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Nonformal Education and Community Empowerment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Good Promise School Volunteers in Supporting SDGs 4 for Underprivileged Children
"Sekolah Janji Baik" is one of the non-profit organizations that provides free education to underprivileged communities through volunteerism. This research aims to identify the role of Janji Baik school's volunteerism as a non-formal educational institution and to build Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) pillar 4. The research used a qualitative descriptive method conducted from September 2023 to February 2024. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data validity was ensured through technique triangulation and source triangulation. Data analysis followed three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The research results indicate that Janji Baik school volunteers have roles in a) administrative tasks, handling student files until they are registered in the Education Data Registry; b) work service, preparing learning facilities and infrastructure; c) teaching, conducting both academic and non-academic teaching; d) fundraising, raising funds to support learning programs. Janji Baik school also provides adequate access to education, evaluates learning activities to enhance teaching and learning quality, and provides educational facilities preparing students for the future, thereby contributing to the realization of SDGs pillar 4.
Copyright (c) 2024 Triansani Octavina, Ila Rosmilawati, Herlina Siregar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Management of Equality Education in Kejar Paket C Program (Equal to High School)
Historically, knowledge was introduced into the school curriculum to enable people, who entered the education level to study related subjects to gain some background knowledge to a higher level. This study aims to describe program management in kejar package C. This research is a descriptive study. The approach used is qualitative. The subjects of this study consisted of one manager, one tutor, and two learning residents. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The techniques used in data analysis are data reduction, data display, and concluding. The results of this study indicate that planning uses problem identifiers, formulation of vision, mission and objectives, supporting and inhibiting factors, recruitment of tutors, learning residents, facilities/infrastructure, and costs. Organizing by distributing the tasks of managers, teachers, and learning residents. The learning implementation is carried out by preparing a learning implementation plan/syllabus, learning implementation is carried out twice a week, subjects, and complete learning resources are available, and face-to-face, tutorial, and independent learning activities. Supervision is carried out internally and externally. The assessment is carried out formatively and summatively
Management of the Vocational Training Center Training Program
Program management is now a widely used approach to bring about the planned change and is used to implement a strategy. This study aims to observe the condition of the management of the training program at the Vocational Training Center in Subang Regency. This research approach uses a descriptive qualitative approach. There were 4 subjects in the study, consisting of 1 principal and 3 instructors. Data collection through documentation analysis techniques, interviews, and observation. Data analysis through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that planning is related to the identification of industrial needs for human resources with certain competency abilities and the determination of program objectives and learning objectives or the curriculum of each training program. Organizing training programs involves all parties to prepare training programs according to their respective duties. Organization of facilities and infrastructure is carried out to identify availability and readiness for use. The mobilization stage is in the form of preparation from the initial recruitment of training participants by predetermined conditions to the implementation of the learning process. Coaching functions to supervise and control the course of the learning process so that it continues to run according to the goals that have been set. The development of training programs is carried out to improve and perfect the previous training programs. Thus, it can improve the implementation of further training programs
Evaluation of the Community Literacy Program Family Planning Village
Literacy awareness strongly supports success in dealing with various problems. Through reading skills, a person not only gains knowledge but can document a piece of his experience as a reference in the future. This study aims to evaluate the BUCANTIK (Budayakeun Maca Sanajan Saeutik) program at the Community Reading Garden (TBM) program of Tanjung Gumulung Family Planning (KB) Village. This qualitative research method uses an online interview with the BUCANTIK program manager and Tanjung Gumulung KB Village community. The research subjects include program managers and community visitors to the BUCANTIK program in Tanjung Gumulung KB Village, totalling five informants. The results of the research were obtained using the CIPP evaluation model (context, input, process, product), namely context evaluation, regarding the BUCANTIK program manager and the low literacy interest of the Tanjung Gumulung KB Village community. Input evaluation regarding program resources in the availability of books at TBM BUCANTIK. Process evaluation regarding program implementation methods and strategies. Product evaluation regarding the program's benefits felt by the community and the expected results. Evaluating the BUCANTIK program can help program managers and the community increase community literacy interest
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Nonformal Education and Community Empowerment https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0