Journal of Nonformal Education starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jone MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal of Nonformal Education (p-ISSN 2442-532X | e-ISSN 2528-4541) was published biannually (February & August) by Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia. This Journal collaborates with Ikatan Akademisi Pendidikan Nonformal & Informal and Himpunan Akademisi dan Program Studi Penmas Indonesia containing research articles in the field of Nonformal Education with the scope of: The theoretical perspective on nonformal education: a study on the definition and concept of nonformal education, as well as the theoretical framework used to understand the nature of nonformal education. Community education: early childhood education, family education, learning communities, continuing education. Adult education: informal and non-formal education, for example in the form of skills education, education courses, training, entrepreneurship, and so on. Lifeskills: personal skills, social skills, academic skills, vocational skills. Community empowerment: economic empowerment, education empowerment, religious empowerment, agricultural empowerment, health empowerment. Equivalency Education: homeschooling, non-formal schools, gender education, life skills education, and so on. Indexing & Abstracting:
A Constructivist Approach in Nonformal Education: Case Study of Developing Pancasila Leadership Character
Background: Nonformal education plays a strategic role in character formation, particularly in shaping leadership qualities rooted in national values. This study explores the implementation of a constructivist approach in nonformal education settings to develop leadership character based on Pancasila principles. Objectives: The research aims to analyze how constructivist-based learning strategies can be applied in nonformal education as an effective framework for cultivating Pancasila leadership values among learners. Method: This study employed a qualitative design through literature review, observation, and interviews with learners and facilitators in nonformal education programs. Data were analyzed descriptively to evaluate the relevance, effectiveness, and contextual impact of constructivist practices. Findings: The application of experiential learning, dialogic discussions, collaborative projects, and contextual case studies enhanced learners’ comprehension of Pancasila principles and fostered leadership values such as integrity, responsibility, and social empathy. Integration of digital media and adaptation to community contexts further strengthened the relevance of the learning process. Conclusion: A constructivist approach in nonformal education is effective not only in reinforcing knowledge of Pancasila but also in nurturing leadership characters aligned with inclusivity, democracy, and social justice. This model has the potential to prepare future leaders who are responsive to societal challenges while upholding Indonesia’s core values. Novelty: The study highlights a practical constructivist framework in nonformal education that explicitly integrates Pancasila leadership values with modern pedagogical strategies, offering a contextual model for leadership character education in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sarwo Edy, Dasim Budimansyah, Encep Syarief Nurdin, Mupid Hidayat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multimodal-Based Technopreneurship Learning Model to Increase Entrepreneurial Creativity in Equality Education
Background: Education plays a crucial role in improving a country's economy, particularly through entrepreneurship education. With rapid technological advancements, the traditional entrepreneurship model has evolved into technopreneurship, which focuses on digitalization and industrial transformation. However, many educational institutions lack a clear and adequate understanding of this concept, necessitating effective learning methods that enable students to grasp and apply the principles of technopreneurialism. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a multimodal-based learning model in technopreneurship education to enhance entrepreneurial creativity among equality education students. Research Method: The research employs a qualitative case study method. Data collection was carried out through observation, documentation, and interviews with 10 participants, consisting of students and teachers from an equality education school. Research Findings: The findings indicate that the multimodal-based learning model successfully created a more interactive, communicative, and active learning environment. In the context of technopreneurship, this model was shown to increase students' confidence and communication skills, allowing them to engage in discussions and interact effectively. Research Conclusion: Multimodal-based learning effectively enhances students' creativity and multimodal literacy, which has a positive impact on the innovation, development of ideas, and products with high commercial value. The curriculum for technology-based entrepreneurship education must continuously adapt to the needs of the business market to fully leverage this potential. Research Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in the application of a multimodal-based learning model within the specific context of technopreneurship education in equality schools. This study demonstrates that this method not only improves technological literacy but also significantly boosts students' creativity and self-confidence in developing innovative business ideas.
Learning Model, Technopreneurship, Multimodal Learning, Entrepreneurial Creativity, Equality Education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ilyas Ilyas, Imam Shofwan, Amin Yusuf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analyzing the Implementation of Local Wisdom-Based Learning in Early Childhood Education: The Case of Early Childhood Education
Background - Early childhood education based on local wisdom is important to develop children’s potential holistically, nurture various aspects of their development, preserve cultural heritage, strengthen national identity, and at the same time make education more contextual and meaningful. Research Urgency - The urgency of this research lies in the need to preserve local wisdom in early childhood education amid the rapid influence of globalization. Current practices often emphasize academic achievement while neglecting cultural values and contextual learning. Without immediate efforts, there is a risk that younger generations will lose connection to their cultural identity. This study is therefore crucial to provide a holistic learning model that not only fosters children’s development but also strengthens cultural identity and ensures meaningful, context-based education. Research Objectives - This study aims to analyze the implementation of early childhood education based on local wisdom in PAUD Terpadu Citra Bakti and to formulate recommendations for a contextual and culturally responsive learning model that supports the holistic development of young children. Research Method - The research employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving teachers, children, and parents. The data analysis technique used Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, which consists of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Research Findings - The findings reveal that the implementation of local wisdom-based learning has a positive impact on children. These positive impacts include introducing and familiarizing children with cultural values from an early age, enhancing active participation in learning activities, utilizing local culture as a contextual learning resource, and fostering the development of children’s abilities through various learning activities. Research Conclusion – The implementation of local wisdom-based learning in PAUD Terpadu Citra Bakti has proven to be an effective means of introducing, instilling, and preserving culture from an early age. Thus, local wisdom-based learning not only strengthens children’s cultural identity but also stimulates the development of cognitive, socio-emotional, language, and motor skills. Research Novelty/Contribution - The novelty of this research lies in its analysis of early childhood education practices that genuinely integrate local wisdom into the teaching and learning process. Rather than merely describing cultural values, this study examines how local wisdom is utilized as learning resources, teaching methods, and a means of fostering children’s holistic development. Thus, the research demonstrates that local wisdom can serve as a pedagogical approach that is relevant, contextual, and meaningful for early childhood education.
Early Childhood Learning, Local Wisdom, Early Childhood Education
Copyright (c) 2025 efrida ita (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Digital Learning Media for Community-Based Education: A Collaborative Innovation and Literacy Framework
Background: The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed global education, yet disparities in access persist, particularly in low-income and rural regions. Digital literacy—encompassing technical, critical, and ethical competencies—remains underdeveloped due to insufficient teacher training and infrastructural limitations. Research Objectives: This study aims to (1) assess the effectiveness of FOCIL in improving digital literacy, (2) evaluate its socio-cultural and infrastructural adaptability, and (3) identify key features that enhance learning outcomes in underserved communities. Research Method: A mixed-methods sequential exploratory design was employed, combining qualitative stakeholder interviews, observational studies, and document analysis, followed by quantitative usability and field trials. Research Findings: The FOCIL platform significantly enhanced literacy outcomes, with participants demonstrating greater progress than those using conventional methods. Learning modules that incorporated local wisdom, such as regional folktales, proved more engaging and achieved higher completion rates than generic materials. The platform’s low-bandwidth design effectively supported learners in rural areas, enabling continued access through offline mode. Interactive features, particularly discussion forums and gamification, played a central role in boosting engagement and reinforcing learning gains. Conclusion: FOCIL effectively bridges digital divides by aligning with socio-cultural contexts, overcoming infrastructural barriers, and employing evidence-based pedagogies. Challenges include server latency and the need for teacher training. Future iterations should integrate AI-driven feedback and expand partnerships for scalability. Novelty/Originality/Value: This study contributes a validated Cultural-Technological Implementation Framework and an open-source, adaptive platform tailored for resource-constrained settings. It advances the discourse on equitable digital education by demonstrating how community-centric design and hybrid learning models can enhance literacy and inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daddy Darmawan, Puji Hadiyanti, Setiawan Wibowo, Rahmat Syah, Muhammad Fadhlan Abdillah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Utilizing Virtual Reality for Thaharah from the Perspective of the Mobile-Based Book Safinatun An-Najah to Enhance Learning Motivation
Education continues to evolve with the progress of the times. Based on Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System, education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning environment that enables students to actively develop their potential. An important aspect of Islamic religious education is the understanding of thaharah (purification), as explained in the Safinatun An-Najah book, a primary reference on the subject. Cleanliness holds a significant value in Islam, serving not only as an act of worship but also as a moral aspect that draws individuals closer to Allah. Meanwhile, the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), launched in 2015, emphasize the importance of inclusive and quality education to achieve sustainable development. In line with the era of Society 5.0, technology is increasingly integrated into human life, including education, through virtual spaces and the development of learning methods based on Virtual Reality (VR). VR enhances learning experiences through immersive, interactive simulations, making it well-suited for Generation Z as the digital generation. This study examines the use of mobile-based VR in teaching thaharah from the perspective of the Safinatun An-Najah book. Mobile VR offers an interactive learning experience that can increase students' motivation in understanding thaharah. In addition to making learning more engaging, VR also helps prepare students to navigate technological advancements, thus playing a crucial role in the innovation of Islamic religious education.
Virtual Reality, Education, Safinatun An-Najah, Generation Z.
Copyright (c) 2025 Achmad Munib, Mustagfirun Mustagfirun, Taslim Syahlan, Salman Rashid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Pop-Up Book Media Social Aspects in Developing Early Children's Cooperation Capability
This research aims to: (1) produce media in the form of pop-up books to develop social skills in children aged 5-6 years, (2) to determine the level of suitability of pop-up book media for social aspects for children aged 5-6 years. The subjects in this research were children aged 5-6 years at SDK Olabolo One Roof Kindergarten, either in groups or individually. The stages used in this research include Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The data collection techniques applied consisted of documentation and distributing questionnaires. The media validation process is carried out through assessments by material experts, learning design experts and learning media experts. The data obtained was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The results of research into the development of pop-up book media are as follows. 1) media expert trials are in the "Very Valid" category with a percentage of 88.57%, 2) learning design expert trials are in the "Valid" category with a percentage of 83.33%, 3) material expert trials are in the "Very Valid" category with a percentage of 92.5%, 4) individual product user trials (children) are in the "Valid" category with a percentage of 85.71% and small group trials are in the "Very Valid" category. with a percentage of 94.44%. Thus, based on the results of testing the pop-up book media by experts and children as product users, it was declared suitable for use with children at SDK Olabolo One Roof Kindergarten. This study is very important to carry out because it provides valuable insight for education managers, especially in Kindergartens, to implement evaluation based on the ADDIE model in order to increase the effectiveness and sustainability of learning design development in Kindergartens which is supported by Pop-Up Book Media to strengthen children's education in schools.
Pop-Up Book Media, Social Aspects, Cooperation
Copyright (c) 2025 Konstantinus Dua Dhiu, Veronika Owa Mere (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lifelong Learning as a Pathway: Strengthening Rural Communities for the SDGs
Background: The acceleration of globalization and the development of information and communication technology (ICT) have brought the world into an era of planetary urbanization, fraught with challenges such as climate change, financial crises, ecological degradation, and pandemics. In response, the United Nations (UN) formulated the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Indonesia, the SDGs are integrated into village development through the Village Fund policy, as mandated by Law Number 6 of 2014. Urgency of Research: Although Village Funds have been proven to promote sustainable development, the implementation of the Village SDGs still faces various challenges, including low community participation, imbalances between physical development and human empowerment, and weak external stakeholder support. Previous studies have focused primarily on the use of Village Funds for infrastructure development, while their relationship to achieving Village SDG indicators has rarely been comprehensively examined. Research Objectives: This research aims to analyze the extent to which Village SDGs can be achieved through the utilization of Village Funds and to examine how a people-centered development approach through lifelong learning is a key strategy in realizing sustainable village development in Yogyakarta. Research Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach with exploratory methods. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with village officials and field observations in 5 villages in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, selected using purposive sampling based on geographic location and potential. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, narrative presentation, and conclusion drawing, with validation through source and method triangulation. Research Findings: Research results indicate that lifelong learning plays a strategic role in strengthening the social, economic, and environmental capacity of village communities. Findings in Bangunharjo, Margoluwih, Bosot, Wedomartani, and Sidoluhur demonstrate that community-based skills training, environmental education, and health programs can foster critical awareness, economic independence, and women's involvement. Furthermore, partnerships between actors (village government, PKK, youth organizations, farmer groups, and external stakeholders) create social capital that accelerates SDG implementation. However, obstacles remain, including budget constraints, low community participation, technical constraints, and the misalignment of external programs with village priorities. Conclusion and Novelty: The study concludes that lifelong learning is not only an educational strategy but also a framework for socio-economic transformation that strengthens human capital, expands capabilities, fosters critical awareness, and strengthens village social capital. The novelty of this research lies in the empirical analysis linking the use of Village Funds to the achievement of Village SDGs indicators through the perspective of lifelong learning and people-centered development, a previously unstudied approach in the Indonesian context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iis Prasetyo, Erma Kusumawardani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Transformation of the e-Mental App and Police Service Quality: Mental Health Role
Background - Digital transformation has become a strategic approach to improving public service performance, including in law enforcement institutions. The e-Mental application was introduced as part of digital innovation to enhance both the performance and mental health of police officers. However, the direct impact of digital transformation on service quality, particularly when considering internal psychological readiness, remains underexplored. Research Urgency - Given the growing demands for responsive public services and increasing work-related stress among officers, understanding how digital initiatives contribute to service quality and how mental health interacts with these effects is crucial for sustainable innovation. Research Objectives - This study aims to analyze the influence of digital transformation via the e-Mental application on the quality of police services, with mental health as a moderating factor. It also seeks to examine the effect of digital transformation on officers' mental health and how this moderates the relationship with service quality. Research Method - The research was conducted at the Police Resort (Polres) of Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. It involved 205 police officers across nine sectoral police stations (Polsek) as respondents for digital transformation and mental health variables, and 205 community members as evaluators of service quality. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with an interaction term. Research Findings - Digital transformation significantly improves both mental health (t = 6.250, p < 0.001) and service quality (t = 7.878, p < 0.001). However, mental health significantly moderates this relationship, weakening the effect of digital transformation on service quality (B = -0.019, t = -3.890, p < 0.001). Research Conclusion - Digital transformation alone is insufficient for improving service quality without psychological readiness and institutional support. Research Contribution - This study highlights the importance of integrating psychological well-being into digital innovation strategies, particularly in public service sectors like the police. Key words: Digital transformation, e-Mental app, mental health, Service quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Achmad Junaidi, Syahruddin Hattab, Muh Nawawi, Mohamad Irfan Mufti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sustainable Empowerment Strategies in Rural Areas: A Qualitative Study on Women Farmer Groups
Background: Community empowerment plays an important role in driving sustainable development, especially in rural areas. The Bejiharjo Farmer Women Group (KWT) is an example of community-based empowerment initiatives that have succeeded in developing social entrepreneurship. Through women's active participation, capacity building, and utilization of local resources, this KWT has been able to generate significant economic and social impacts for its communities. Research Urgency: It is important to understand the empowerment pattern that KWT Bejiharjo applies in building sustainable social enterprises, in order to replicate similar models in other villages. Identification of key success factors can make a major contribution to the development of local potential-based women's and community empowerment programs. Research Objectives: This study aims to explore the patterns of community empowerment implemented by the Bejiharjo Women Farmers Group (KWT) and identify the key elements that drive the success and sustainability of community-based social entrepreneurship. Research Method: A qualitative case study approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and focus group discussions. Thematic and narrative analyses were conducted to identify key empowerment patterns, with data triangulation ensuring validity and reliability. Research Findings: The results of the study show that the empowerment carried out by KWT Bejiharjo has succeeded in increasing members' ownership and sense of responsibility for group activities, along with the growth of collective commitment and social bonds. In addition, intensive training from various partners also improves members' skills and knowledge in the fields of production, marketing, and business management. This effort is supported by the utilization and diversification of local resources, which not only strengthens the household economy, but also creates added value through processed products and expands the potential of educational agrotourism in the local area. Research Conclusion: The empowerment model applied by KWT Bejiharjo has succeeded in creating a sustainable social entrepreneurship ecosystem. Shared ownership, capacity building, and utilization of local potential are the main foundations in building economic and social independence at the community level Research Novelty/ Contibution: This research contributes to the development of a community-based empowerment model that is oriented towards social entrepreneurship. The findings in this study can serve as a reference for the development of sustainable empowerment strategies in other rural communities with a participatory and local potential-based approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yudan Hermawan, Fitta Umaya Santi, Riko Septiantoko, Rita Bekti Utami (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Student Participation in The Certified Internship and Independent Study Program (MSIB) and the Improvement of Soft Skills Among Students in Indonesia
The background of this study is the high unemployment rate among university graduates in Indonesia (842,378 people in 2024) due to the mismatch between competencies and industry needs. As a form of service learning, the Certified Internship and Independent Study Program (MSIB) is expected to improve students' soft skills. This quantitative study aims to measure the impact of MSIB on the overall improvement of students' soft skills and three specific aspects: communication skills, creativity, and conflict resolution. Data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire from 118 MSIB participants at Yogyakarta State University and analyzed using simple correlation and MANOVA. The results show that 1) MSIB has a significant impact on the overall improvement of soft skills (12.1%); 2) MSIB has the most substantial impact on communication skills (50% variance), followed by creativity (37.4%), and conflict resolution (36.8%). These findings support the role of MSIB as an effective strategy in bridging the competency gap among graduates.
The Certified Internship and Independent Study Program, Soft Skill, Student Competence.
Copyright (c) 2025 Riana Nurhayati, Fitriana Tjiptasari, Evi Rovikoh Indah Saputri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Competency on the Empowerment of Community Learning Centre Managers
Background -. Educational disparities, dropout rates, and limited PKBM (Community Learning Center) management capacity remain key challenges. This study takes Bekasi Regency—an urban–semi-urban area with strong entrepreneurial commitment—as its research locus. Research Urgency - Strengthening the managerial and entrepreneurial capacity of PKBM leaders is crucial to sustaining Indonesia’s non-formal education ecosystem. Despite the government’s focus on lifelong learning and community empowerment, many PKBMs struggle to operate independently due to weak institutional management, limited innovation, and low digital adaptation. Addressing this issue is urgent to ensure that community-based education remains relevant, financially viable, and aligned with the goals of inclusive human development in the digital era. Research Objective - This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial competencies on the empowerment of PKBM managers in Bekasi Regency, and to identify generational patterns in management practices. The research further seeks to propose a competency-based empowerment model that integrates entrepreneurial skills, innovation, and digital networking to enhance the sustainability of community learning centers. Research Methods - This study uses a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and PKBM managers’ empowerment in Bekasi Regency. Quantitative data from 50 purposively sampled managers were analyzed using CFA and PLS-SEM, while qualitative interviews provided contextual insights, validated through triangulation Research Findings - Entrepreneurial competencies show a strong positive association with PKBM managers’ empowerment (path coefficient = 0.971, p < 0.001), accounting for 94.2% of the variance explained by the model. The analysis also indicates a generational divide: senior managers (>7 years’ experience) tend to rely on trial-and-error approaches (78%), whereas junior managers (<3 years) display higher levels of innovation (92%) but face limitations in professional networking Research Conclusion - This study demonstrates that entrepreneurial competencies significantly strengthen the empowerment of PKBM (Community Learning Center) managers, while revealing a generational management gap - senior managers rely more on traditional approaches whereas junior managers exhibit greater innovation but face networking constraints. The findings underscore the importance of implementing financial training, cross-generational mentoring, and digital network strengthening programs to transform PKBMs into self-sufficient institutions that support national educational development, with further research needed to adapt this model across different regions by accounting for local contextual factors and technological integration Research Novelty/ Contribution - This study proposes a competency-based empowerment model for PKBM managers that demonstrates empirical validity within the research context, while acknowledging limitations related to sample size, geographic scope, and reliance on self-reported data. Its practical contribution lies in offering a context-specific intervention framework tailored for urban–semi-urban areas in developing countries. By bridging theory with field implementation, the study provides both theoretical insights and applied relevance for strengthening non-formal education in Indonesia, particularly in addressing management challenges faced by community learning centers.
entrepreneurial competency; community learning center; non-formal education
Copyright (c) 2025 Erna Ambarini, Karta Sasmita, Adi Irvansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing a Curriculum Alignment Model for Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum in Non-Formal Early Childhood Education
Background: The development of a curriculum alignment management guide for Early Childhood Education (ECE) is essential to support curriculum adaptation in non-formal institutions such as Playgroups (KB) and Kindergartens (TK). In the context of curriculum changes, it is necessary to have a curriculum alignment model accompanied by effective management practices, ensuring that the adaptation process can be implemented systematically and effectively. Research Urgency: Curriculum changes at the ECE level require non-formal educational institutions, particularly KB and TK, to make curriculum adjustments. However, there is a lack of strategic and implementable management guides to support this process, especially for institutions that are unaccredited or minimally accredited. Thus, a valid and practical model guide is urgently needed. Research Objectives: This research aims to develop a curriculum alignment model for ECE equipped with a sound management guide, and to validate its feasibility for use by Heads of KB and TK in adapting the old curriculum to the new one. Research Method: The method employed is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Validation was conducted by two experts in the fields of language and curriculum management content to assess the strategic and implementative feasibility of the guide. Research Findings: The validation results showed a score of 4.4 for the language aspect and 4.0 for the management substance aspect, both categorized as very good. The trial implementation involving Heads of KB and TK in Tayu District, Pati Regency, resulted in an acceptance rate of 80.35%, which also falls into the very good category. Research Conclusion: The developed curriculum alignment model is feasible for use as a guide in aligning the PAUD curriculum. It provides strategic and implementative direction for carrying out curriculum adaptation within non-formal education institutions. Research Novelty/Contribution: This research introduces a new contribution in the form of a curriculum alignment management guide for ECE that is both strategic and implementable. It offers practical support for Heads of KB and TK, especially those with minimal or no accreditation, to manage curriculum changes in a more structured and effective manner.
Curriculum Alignment; Early Childhood Education; Non-formal Education; Merdeka Curriculum; Deep Learning
Copyright (c) 2025 Luluk Elyana, Muniroh Munawar, Rahul Bhandari (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Implementation of Training at the Department of Industry, Trade, Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises
Background - Challenges in an era of continuous progress and competitive markets require groups, communities, organizations, and countries to demonstrate resilience and competitiveness. Knowledge is a vital asset that humans possess, and efforts to develop human resources are essential to support capacity building and promote competitive excellence. Research Urgency - SMEs frequently encounter challenges in managing their businesses, particularly due to their limited capacity to develop the products they produce. The UPT IPOK Disperindagkop and SMEs of Riau Province often conduct training for MSMEs to encourage improvements in the quality of human resources in Riau Province. However, there are still shortcomings in the implementation and evaluation of training activities held by the UPT IPOK. Research Objectives - This research aims to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation of training at the Technical Implementation Unit of the Riau Province Industry, Trade, Cooperatives, and Small and Medium Enterprises Agency. Research Method - The research method is qualitative analysis. It consists of four stages. The first stage is data collection through in-depth interviews with 10 informants, comprised of the head of the IPOK Technical Implementation Unit, IPOK Technical Implementation Unit staff, IPOK Technical Implementation Unit SME extension workers, training instructors, and training participants. The second stage is data reduction, which is summarizing the results of the interviews conducted in accordance with the research needs. The fourth stage is data presentation, which involves compiling the collected data into a report and then conducting a qualitative analysis. Before proceeding to the fifth stage, validation is carried out again with the head of the IPOK Technical Implementation Unit, after which the fifth stage of concluding is carried out. Research Findings - The incubator training organizer contained an activity plan consisting of a legal basis, background, objectives, inputs, outputs, benefits, training location, participants, and activity schedule. The training ran smoothly thanks to the comprehensive facilities and infrastructure provided by the UPT IPOK. The evaluation showed that the instructors sought to improve the quality of the training based on the input provided by the participants. The evaluation was conducted in the form of a questionnaire that was filled out by the training participants. Research Conclusion - The training activity, which was attended by 10 participants, had a positive impact because it went through careful planning, adequate implementation, and sufficient evaluation, thereby creating jobs, increasing community income, and adding value to local raw materials to create superior products. Of course, this requires separate training on processing cassava. However, there are still obstacles related to marketing and capital. Research Novelty/Contribution - This study explains that in training activities, it is very important to have the continuity of advanced training needed by training participants. This is because when training is not completed to the point of producing SME independence, the benefits and objectives outlined in the training plan are not realized.
Training Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2025 Dian Mutia, Fetri Yeni, Abna Hidayati, Rayendra Rayendra, Noviachri Imroatul Sadiyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Human Resource Management Strategy in Facing the Educational Transformation of the Society Era 5.0 in Islamic Boarding Schools
Background - Islamic boarding schools as one of the educational institutions based on Islamic values have a strategic role in the development of human resources in Indonesia. However, in the era of Society 5.0—which is characterized by the convergence of digital technology and human life—Islamic boarding schools face great challenges in adapting their learning systems and approaches. This condition requires adaptive and innovative human resource management (HR) in order to be able to respond to the demands of the times. Purpose - This research aims to analyze the role of human resource management in facing the dynamics and challenges of the world of education in the era of Society 5.0, with a case study on the Al-Furqan Islamic Boarding School Banjarmasin. Method/approach - This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Findings - The results of the study show that human resource management in this Islamic boarding school is carried out through a selective recruitment process, continuous training, teacher competency development, a structured performance evaluation system, and motivational awarding. Islamic boarding schools also integrate technology in learning and organize digital literacy training for educators in response to the challenges of the Society 5.0 era. Conclusions - The conclusion of this study states that responsive and strategic human resource management is the main key in maintaining the sustainability of the quality of education in Islamic boarding schools. Novelty/Originality/Value - The novelty of this study lies in the identification of the specific role of human resource management in the context of traditional educational institutions (Islamic boarding schools) that are undergoing digital transformation in the era of Society 5.0—a perspective that is still rarely explored in academic studies.
Human Resource Management, Society 5.0, Islamic Boarding Schools
Copyright (c) 2025 Anton Respati Pamungkas, Agus Nugroho, Hartawan Hartawan, Sachin Gupta (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evolution of Parenting Dynamics in Families Within Stunting-Locus Area
Background: Stunting cases in developing countries are a challenge to date, stunting has an impact on the quality of human resources in a country. Research Urgency: Stunting given its numerous effects, including its substantial short-term effects on children's brain development, physical growth, and metabolism, stunting's urgency becomes clear. Although the short-term consequences are alarming, the long-term consequences may include diminished cognitive function, compromised immunity, poorer academic achievement, and an increased risk of long-term conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. Research Objectives: This research aims to describe the role of Posyandu cadres in stunting focus locations and the changes in parenting styles that parents make after learning their child is at risk of stunting. Research Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Purposive sampling was employed, and seven participants were selected, consisting of mothers of children under five at risk of stunting, Posyandu cadres, and the Head of Village. Data collection involved observations, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis. The data analysis included data reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. To ensure data validity, both source triangulation and technique triangulation were used. Research Findings: The role of Posyandu cadres in addressing stunting includes being instructors, record-keepers, and motivators, and the changes in parenting styles observed are from permissive and neglectful styles to democratic styles. Research Conclusion: The results of the study provide meaning to informal education that has a wide scope. This is proven by the efforts to prevent stunting carried out by posyandu cadres to encourage changes in parenting patterns of parents who have children at risk of stunting.. Research Novelty/ Contibution: This study encourages in-depth research related to stunting prevention efforts through education for parents which must be carried out with various special strategies with an adult learning approach. Because not all posyandu cadres have the same understanding in providing education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erma Kusumawardani, Lathifa Ellen, Amanda Adityaningrum (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marketing Strategy Analysis of Neutron Tutoriang Banjarmasin in Indonesia’s Nonformal Education Sector
Background: Competition in the tutoring industry in Indonesia is increasing along with the increasing demand for quality education outside of formal school. In this context, Neutron Tutoring Banjarmasin faces the challenge of not only attracting new students but also maintaining the loyalty of existing students. Research Urgency: The urgency of this research lies in the importance of understanding how Neutron Banjarmasin responds to the increasingly competitive tutoring industry. With many options available to students and parents, effective marketing strategies have become essential. The findings of this study are expected to provide practical guidance for similar institutions, especially in the post-pandemic era that demands digital adaptation and hybrid learning. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by Neutron Banjarmasin Tutoring in order to attract and retain students in the midst of fierce industry competition. Research Method: Through a qualitative approach with a case study design, this study collects data through interviews with management, surveys of students, and analysis of digital marketing media channels used. Research Findings: The results show that digital marketing, referral programs, and service personalization contribute significantly to the increase in the number of new students and customer loyalty. The use of social media and paid advertising has a positive impact, while a personalized approach to service increases student satisfaction. Research Conclusion: Neutron Tutoring Banjarmasin has demonstrated that an integrated marketing strategy combining digital presence, personal engagement, and community-based referrals can effectively address challenges in student acquisition and loyalty. The success lies in understanding the target audience, utilizing appropriate communication channels, and continuously evaluating marketing performance. This case illustrates the importance of adapting marketing practices to both technological advancements and customer expectations. Research Novelty/ Contibution: The implications of these findings can be recommendations for other tutoring institutions in developing more effective marketing strategies focus nonformal education for tutoring.
Marketing strategy, tutoring, digital marketing, service personalization, Neutron Banjarmasin
Copyright (c) 2025 Eka Yudhyani, Wasir Ali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marketing Strategy Implementation in Islamic Boarding Schools: A Study of 7P Marketing Mix in Blitar, Indonesia
Background: Pesantren as an Islamic educational institution in Indonesia, faces challenges in maintaining and increasing competitiveness in the digital era. Marketing strategies are important to attract the interest of prospective students and ensure the sustainability of the pesantren. Research Objectives: This study aims to uncover and analyze the marketing strategies implemented by the Nurul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in Blitar City and the Nurus Salam Islamic Boarding School in Blitar Regency. Research Method: This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, and document studies, with purposive informant selection and snowball sampling. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis techniques. Research Findings: The results of the study show that the two pesantren have implemented marketing strategies through various product offerings, but do not yet have a specific strategy for determining education costs (prices). The selection of a location (place) has been carried out, with the Nurul Ulum Islamic Boarding School benefiting more because of its strategic location. Promotions have not run optimally due to the absence of planning, limited budgets, and in-depth evaluation. Improving the quality of human resources (people) has been running, but the lack of performance evaluation is an obstacle. Physical evidence is adequate, although the Nurus Salam Islamic Boarding School still needs improvement. The education process has been running well, with the guidance of experts and regular activities. Conclusion: This study shows that although some aspects of marketing have been in line with the theory, there is still a need for improvement and development of specific strategies to achieve more optimal results. Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the marketing strategies implemented by two Islamic boarding schools in Blitar, focusing on analyzing each element of the marketing mix and identifying areas that need improvement. This research provides practical recommendations for Islamic boarding schools in developing more effective and sustainable marketing strategies.
Marketing Strategy, Islamic Boarding School, Education Management, Market Segmentation, Strategic Implementation
Copyright (c) 2025 Endang Budiarti, Nor Fadila Amin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Information Technology in Marketing: Implications in Marketing of Equality Education Programs
Beground - The equality education program in Banjarmasin has an important role in providing learning opportunities for people who cannot access formal education. However, challenges in terms of marketing this program are still an obstacle, such as the lack of public understanding of the benefits of equality education and limitations in reaching prospective students. Along with the development of information technology, the implementation of digital-based marketing strategies is a potential solution to increase the reach and effectiveness of the promotion of this program. Purpose - This study aims to explore the implications of the use of information technology in the marketing of equality education programs in Banjarmasin. Method/approach - The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The research informants consisted of the manager of the Center for Community Learning Activities (PKBM), educators, and students involved in the equality program. Findings - Research findings show that the use of information technology, such as social media, websites, and mobile-based applications, has had a positive impact on increasing the visibility of equality education programs. The use of digital platforms allows for a wider reach, increased interaction with prospective students, and more effective and efficient delivery of information. However, challenges such as limited internet access in some regions and the lack of digital literacy among the community are still obstacles that need to be overcome. Conclusions - The conclusion of this study confirms that the application of information technology in the marketing of equality education programs in Banjarmasin can increase community participation and the effectiveness of information delivery. A more targeted and sustainable digital marketing strategy is needed to overcome existing obstacles. Novelty/Originality/Value - The novelty of this study lies in the development of an information technology-based marketing model that is tailored to the demographic and social characteristics of the Banjarmasin community, so that it can be a reference for equality education program managers in increasing public participation and awareness of the importance of non-formal education.
Human Resource Development, Training, Competency-Based Training, Employee Performance, Organizational Development
Copyright (c) 2025 Sutrisno Sutrisno, Galih Wisnu Wardhana, Abdul Kadir, Froilan Delute Mobo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TPACK Research Trends in Indonesia: Contributions to Enhancing the Equivalency Education History Teacher Community
Background: Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is a vital framework for integrating technology into education. In Indonesia, TPACK research has grown significantly, yet most studies focus on science and mathematics, leaving gaps in social studies, particularly history education. Additionally, its potential in supporting the equivalency education system, which serves non-formal learners, remains underexplored. Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze TPACK research trends in Indonesia (2019–2023), examine its contribution to the equivalency education history teacher community, and provide recommendations for integrating TPACK into history education. Research Method: Using bibliometric analysis, this study analyzed 1,208 documents from the Scopus database with the keyword "TPACK." The analysis focused on publication trends, dominant themes, and geographical contributions, particularly in history education and equivalency education. Research Findings: Indonesian researchers dominated TPACK research during the study period. Most studies focused on pre-service teacher training and learning media development, primarily in science and mathematics. Limited attention was given to social studies, especially history, highlighting an opportunity to expand TPACK research into history education and the equivalency education system. Research Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need to integrate TPACK into history education to enhance the competencies of equivalency education history teachers. By leveraging TPACK, educators can create innovative, technology-enhanced learning experiences tailored to non-formal learners. Professional development programs are also essential to equip teachers with TPACK skills. Research Novelty: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of TPACK trends in Indonesia, identifies gaps in social studies research, and offers practical recommendations for applying TPACK in history education and non-formal learning contexts. It paves the way for future research and practical applications in underserved educational areas.
history learning; history teacher; TPACK research trends; teacher community.
Copyright (c) 2025 Leo Agung Sutimin, Sariyatun Sariyatun, Akhmad Arif Musadad, Tri Yuniyanto, Nur Fatah Abidin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Developing Pancasila Character in Early Childhood: Strategies for Working Families
Background: The development of Pancasila character in early childhood is very important, especially in the context of working families who often face challenges in providing optimal character education. The character of Pancasila includes values such as justice, tolerance, and mutual cooperation, which need to be instilled from an early age to form a generation with integrity. Research Objectives: This research aims to explore the strategy of developing Pancasila character in early childhood in working families, as well as understand the experiences and challenges faced by parents in the process. Research Method: This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach, which allows researchers to explore the subjective experiences of parents in developing Pancasila characters in their children. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with working parents, as well as observations of their interactions with children. Research Findings: The use of quality time with children, involving the family in character building, introducing children to religious and social activities, and the use of technology to learn Pancasila values, are all important aspects in shaping the character of Pancasila in children. This helps strengthen moral values, social concerns, and positive communication between parents and children, thereby helping children understand and apply Pancasila values better. Research Conclusion: This study concludes that the development of Pancasila character in early childhood in working families requires collaboration between parents, educational institutions, and the community. Greater support from the surrounding environment can help parents in implementing effective strategies. Research Novelty: This study provides new insights into how working families can contribute to the development of Pancasila character, as well as highlighting the importance of the role of the social environment in supporting the character education process at home.
character education, Pancasila, early childhood, working parents, transcendent phenomenology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Toto Purbiyanto, Salman Rashid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Beyond Traditional Testing: Exploring the Efficacy of Adaptive Assessments in Shaping Future Learners
This study investigates the impact of adaptive assessment tools on student learning outcomes, engagement and knowledge retention compared to traditional assessment methods. The research employs a descriptive survey design, utilising a quantitative research approach to gather data from 200 students across various educational settings in Kwara State, Nigeria. The primary research questions explore how adaptive assessments influence knowledge retention, engagement levels and the identification of areas needing additional support. By focusing exclusively on students as respondents, the study reliable data that elucidates the effectiveness of adaptive assessments in enhancing knowledge retention and engagement within educational settings. The findings reveal that adaptive assessments significantly enhance knowledge retention, as indicated by mean scores above the established cut-off point of 3.0 across all survey items. Students reported high levels of engagement, motivation and clarity regarding their learning needs when using adaptive tools. In contrast, traditional assessments received notably lower scores, suggesting limited effectiveness in fostering positive learning experiences. The study concludes that adaptive assessment tools provide a more personalised and effective approach to student learning, leading to improved outcomes in both knowledge retention and engagement. It is recommended that educators integrate adaptive assessments into their curricula to maximise student learning potential. Policymakers should consider supporting the implementation of adaptive technologies in educational institutions to enhance the overall learning experience. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of personalised learning approaches and offers empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of adaptive assessments in contemporary education.
Adaptive Assessment, Learning Approach, Learning Needs, Traditional Assessment
Copyright (c) 2025 Moses Adeleke Adeoye, Entika Fani Prastikawati, Rika Riwayatiningsih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementing the Independent Curriculum in Faith-Based Primary Education: A Case Study of Insan Mandiri Integrated Islamic School
Background - The implementation of the Independent Curriculum at the elementary school level has become a crucial issue in promoting adaptive, student-centered education. Research Urgency - Despite its nationwide rollout, the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in faith-based elementary schools remains underexplored, particularly in balancing national standards with religious and contextual values. This study is crucial to uncover how such schools adapt the curriculum in practice, providing insights for more inclusive and responsive education policies. Research Objectives - This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation processes of the Independent Curriculum at SDIT Insan Mandiri, South Jakarta, while identifying its effectiveness and the challenges encountered. Research Method - Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis. Research Findings - The findings reveal that learning plans are tailored to students' potential and needs through the development of contextual teaching modules, including outdoor learning and the use of various media. Curriculum implementation involves innovative activities such as market days and infak collection, which contribute to students' character development and social competence. Evaluation is conducted through Learning Communities and student self-reflection using color-coded cards as indicators of engagement and understanding. Research Conclusion - The study concludes that curriculum implementation aligns with differential, constructivist, and competency-based educational principles, despite technical constraints such as inconsistencies between textbooks and learning objectives and limited time for additional mentoring. Research Novelty/ Contibution - The novelty of this study lies in its participatory evaluation practices based on student self-reflection and collaborative learning communities, which remain underexplored in other elementary-level applications of the Independent Curriculum.
Merdeka Curriculum, Implementation, Competency-Based Education
Copyright (c) 2025 Supadi Supadi, Intan Melya Hartania, Heru Santosa, Musringudin Musringudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Character and Emotional Intelligence Impact on Juvenile Delinquency: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Intelligence
This study explores the role of interpersonal intelligence in mediating the influence of character strength and emotional intelligence on juvenile delinquency. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 250 vocational high school students in Cianjur City through a validated questionnaire and analyzed using the SEM-PLS approach. The results showed that character strength had a negative and significant effect on juvenile delinquency, with a coefficient value of -0.321, indicating that increasing character strength can significantly reduce juvenile delinquency. In addition, emotional intelligence also showed a negative and significant effect on juvenile delinquency. This confirms that increasing emotional intelligence also contributes to reducing juvenile delinquency. Interpersonal intelligence negatively and significantly impacts juvenile delinquency, with a coefficient value of -0.161, indicating that better interpersonal skills can reduce the tendency for delinquent behavior. Furthermore, character strength and emotional intelligence were found to have a positive and significant effect on interpersonal intelligence, with coefficient values ​​of 0.370 and 0.484, respectively. Another important finding is the significant negative indirect effect of character strength and emotional intelligence on juvenile delinquency through interpersonal intelligence. This shows that increasing character strength and emotional intelligence can reduce juvenile delinquency by improving interpersonal intelligence. This study concludes that strengthening students’ character and emotional intelligence and increasing interpersonal intelligence are essential strategies for reducing juvenile delinquency
Copyright (c) 2025 Dede Ahmad Supriatna, Achmad Hufad, Asep Saepudin, Ade Romi Rosmia, Faridah Hanim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Adolescents’ Perception of Parenting: A Case Study in Bandung, Indonesia
Background: Adolescents, defined by the United Nations as individuals aged 10 to 19 years, are a significant population group, numbering 1.3 billion worldwide. Adolescence is a complex period of transition, characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth. These developments affect the way adolescents feel, think, make decisions, and interact with many things. This transition is often described as a period of “storm and stress,” which emphasizes the important role of parents in supporting adolescent’s development. Objective: Exploring adolescents' perception of the parental treatment that adolescents receive. Methods: This study used a survey, involving 120 adolescent respondents in Bandung City, consisting of 40 males and 76 females. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed descriptively. Result: The study showed that most of the respondents were 14 years old and lived with their families. Although most adolescents feel closer to their mothers, adolescent girls tend to confide in friends more often than their mothers when facing problems. The findings also show that parents still tend to compare their children with other children, even with neighboring children. Adolescents expect parents not to compare them with siblings and always support their activities. Conclusion: Adolescents as individuals who grow and develop have needs that must be met by parents. They, by following their developmental patterns, want to be treated as people who have authority, want to be heard, want to be cared for, and want to make parents a place to share Research Contribution: This study provides insight into adolescents' perceptions of parental treatment, which can be the basis for the development of more effective programs and interventions in supporting adolescents’s development
adolescents perception, supporting adolescents, parenting, parental treatment
Copyright (c) 2025 Djudju Sriwenda, Elih Sudiapermana, Joni Rahmat Pramudia, Gumpanat Bariboon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Female Tutors in the Implementation of Emergency Drills Education for Child Protectionin Nonformal Childhood
Background: Female tutors in non-formal education play an important role in guiding children to deal with emergencies. They are not only educators, but also protectors and agents of change. However, this role has not been fully supported, both in training and resources. Research Urgency: The lack of studies on the strategic role of female tutors in emergency training education shows the need for this research. The results are expected to be the basis for strengthening the capacity and protection of children through the empowerment of female tutors. Research Objectives: This study examines the role of female tutors in implementing emergency training education in non-formal children's institutions and strengthens their role in child protection. Research Method: Using a mixed method sequential exploration design in Cimahi City, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, document reviews, and questionnaires. Research Findings: These findings suggest that female tutors play an important role in training children for emergencies, with roles distributed as caregivers (15%), educators (20%), gender norm resistance (15%), leaders (10%), agents of change (10%), internalization (10%), participatory training (13%), and contributors to social context (7%). Efforts to strengthen their role include improving education and health, promoting women's participation in decision-making, raising public awareness, and providing child support and protection. However, challenges remain, such as inadequate training and limited understanding of emergency response procedures. This research highlights the need for ongoing training and adequate resources. Research Conclusion: Female tutors play a vital role in preparing children for emergency situations through various strategic roles. Strengthening these roles requires capacity building, increased participation, and continuous support. However, challenges such as limited training and inadequate understanding of procedures highlight the need for ongoing interventions and sufficient resource allocation. Research Novelty/ Contibution: Her contribution lies in the emphasis on women's role in emergency exercises as the foundation of policy development. The novelty of this study is the integration of the maternal instincts of female tutors with technical emergency training to improve child protection in non-formal settings.
role of women; emergency drills; child protection; nonformal Childhood
Copyright (c) 2025 Chandra Asri Windarsih, Mustofa Kamil, Elih Sudiapermana, Silvia C. Ambag (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Enhancing Transformative Learning through 'Setara Daring': A Framework for Optimizing Equivalent Education in Bandung, Indonesia
Background: Transformative learning is a learning process that 'brings' learners closer to reality, presenting critical-reflective knowledge, by positioning the teacher more as a facilitator to guide and encourage that process. Online learning has become a choice for face-to-face learning systems in the Digital Era using Learning Management Systems (LMS) to support learning achievements. Research Objectives: The ultimate goal to be achieved in this research is the emergence of a new product on the transformative learning model assisted by the LMS "Setara Daring" for learners of Equivalency Education in the city of Bandung, Indonesia Research Method: This research employs a qualitative approach utilizing the case study method to explore the implementation of transformative learning through the Setara Daring LMS in equivalency education. The qualitative approach is chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of the learning process, interactions, and experiences of learners and educators in a digital learning environment. The case study method enables a comprehensive and context-specific analysis by examining real-world applications of the LMS in non-formal education units in Bandung City. Data collection techniques include observations, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, ensuring a holistic examination of the learning dynamics. Through this approach, the study aims to capture the nuances of learner engagement, critical thinking development, and the role of facilitators in guiding transformative learning. The qualitative nature of this research allows for an exploratory and interpretive analysis, providing valuable insights into how LMS-supported transformative learning can enhance the critical attitudes and adaptability of learners in non-formal education settings. Research Findings: The findings of this study highlight the crucial role of the Setara Daring Learning Management System (LMS) in fostering a transformative learning experience within the context of equivalency education. The system effectively promotes active learner engagement through structured yet flexible learning pathways, enabling meaningful interactions between students, instructors, and learning materials. Interactive features such as discussion forums, collaborative assignments, and formative assessments further reinforce knowledge construction and participation. Additionally, the LMS facilitates critical reflection by integrating activities that encourage students to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information critically, supported by immediate feedback and self-paced learning opportunities. Through guided discussions and problem-solving tasks, learners are empowered to question assumptions, articulate reasoning, and engage in higher-order thinking processes. Moreover, the Setara Daring LMS enhances critical thinking skills by incorporating inquiry-based learning strategies, case studies, and self-assessment tools, fostering an environment that supports independent exploration, analytical reasoning, and decision-making abilities. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that Setara Daring LMS serves as an effective platform for cultivating interactive, reflective, and cognitively engaging learning experiences, contributing to the advancement of digital learning innovations in non-formal education.. Research Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Setara Daring LMS effectively supports active learner engagement, critical reflection, and critical thinking skills in equivalency education. The developed transformative learning model, facilitated by this LMS, offers an interactive and flexible approach, helping learners adapt to online learning in the digital era. Educators play a vital role as facilitators, guiding learners' critical thinking processes. The Setara Daring LMS has proven to be an effective tool for improving learning quality in non-formal education in Bandung City. This research contributes to a transformative learning model based on LMS, providing a foundation for further development and application of LMS to enhance learning quality in non-formal education. Research Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in its development of a transformative learning model using the Setara Daring LMS for equivalency education, a sector often overlooked in digital learning innovations. It highlights the LMS's effectiveness in fostering active engagement, critical reflection, and critical thinking skills, while emphasizing the crucial role of educators as facilitators in guiding learners. The research provides empirical evidence from its implementation in Bandung City's non-formal education system, offering a foundational framework for future LMS-based learning models in non-formal education. This study bridges the gap between digital tools and transformative learning in under-researched educational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iip Saripah, Joni Rahmat Pramudia, Jajat S Ardiwinata, Gumpanat Boriboon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Entrepreneurship at the Community Learning Center (CLC) through E-Commerce Marketing
Community Learning Center (CLC) as one of the government's partners in educating people's lives through non-formal education service programs, it is hoped that CLC is not only able to grow a learning society (learning society), but also can improve their abilities and skills in dealing with socio-economic progress through entrepreneurship assistance activities which are one of the focuses of the purpose of the presence of CLC in the midst of the community. The facts on the ground show that CLC, especially in West Sumatra Province, has not been able to optimally become a community education institution that accommodates entrepreneurship-based activities for the community. Entrepreneurial activities carried out by CLC have not been able to create an entrepreneurial spirit and have not been able to maximally facilitate the marketing of CLC business products widely, which is still only local so that CLC entrepreneurial activities are underdeveloped and have not produced significant results. This study aims to see the optimization of entrepreneurship at the Community Learning Activity Center (CLC) through E- Commerce marketing. The results of the study show in fact the main obstacles in the lack of utilization of e-commerce by entrepreneurship activities today are; 1) There is still a lack of understanding of partners regarding E-Commerce; 2) Lack of partner expertise in creating online stores as a means of marketing; 3) Lack of use of smartphones as a marketing medium 4. Lack of partner expertise in operating online stores as a marketing tool
Entrepreneurship mentoring, community learning activity center (CLC), e-commerce marketing
Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Gusmanti, Solfema Solfema , Vevi Sunarti, Wisroni Wisroni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Parenting on Problematic Behavior in Children
Problem behavior in adolescents (12-17 years) has become a serious concern in the social environment. The parenting style applied by parents can play an important role in shaping this behavior. This study investigates the effect of various parenting styles on problem behavior in adolescent children. The research sample consisted of 100 parents in Bandung with children aged 12-17 with problem behavior. The sample was selected through stratified random sampling techniques to ensure good representation. Data was collected through a questionnaire that measures children's parenting styles and problem behavior. Data analysis involved regression analysis and quantitative correlation. The regression analysis showed that each parenting style contributes differently to problematic behavior. Permissive parenting style showed a significant effect (p < 0.001), followed by authoritarian parenting styles (p < 0.001) and authoritative (p = 0.022). However, uninvolved parenting style had the most significant impact (p < 0.001). Quantitative correlation also indicated a strong relationship between permissive and uninvolved parenting styles and problematic behavior (r = 0.677 and r = 0.994). Parenting styles have different influences on problematic behavior in adolescent children. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how each parenting style plays an important role in forming problem behaviors in children. This study makes a new contribution to understanding the relationship between parenting style and problem behavior in adolescent children by highlighting the role of quantitative and statistical analysis in uncovering this relationship.
Parenting Styles, Problematic Behavior, Adolescents, Parental Influence
Copyright (c) 2025 Novi Widiastuti, Ihat Hatimah , Elih Sudiapermana, Asep Saepudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Influence of Accounting Training and Education Levels on the Use of Accounting Information in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in Indonesia's economy, contributing significantly to gross domestic product (GDP) and labor absorption. However, many MSMEs face challenges in financial management, especially in the effective use of accounting information. Accounting training and the level of education of business owners are key factors that can affect the ability of MSMEs to manage accounting information. This study aims to analyze the influence of accounting training and education level on the use of accounting information in MSMEs in Samarinda City. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a survey design, which allows the collection of data from a large number of respondents. The research participants consisted of 100 MSME actors operating in Samarinda City, who were selected using the Random Sampling technique. Data was collected through questionnaires designed to measure variables of accounting training, level of education, and use of accounting information, with closed-ended questions using the Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression techniques to test the simultaneous influence of accounting training and education levels on the use of accounting information. The results of the study show that accounting training has a significant positive effect on the use of accounting information, and the level of education also has a significant positive effect. These findings provide important insights into the importance of training and education in improving the quality of accounting information management in the MSME sector.
Copyright (c) 2024 Titin Rulina, Danna Solihin, Umi Kulsum, Heriyanto Heriyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Education Financing of Non-Formal Educational Institutions: a Case Study on Course Educational Institutions
Non-formal educational institutions such as course institutions are educational paths outside of formal education that can be carried out in a structured and tiered manner. The purpose of this study is to identify effective partnership strategies in raising funds for education financing in course institutions, as well as to develop the quality and relevance of non-formal education to the needs of the world of work. The literature review will encompass various sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and case studies that discuss the financing mechanisms of non-formal educational institutions. Key areas of focus will include the identification of effective partnership strategies, fund management practices, and quality development initiatives within course institutions. By synthesizing findings from multiple studies, this research aims to provide a holistic understanding of how course institutions can effectively secure funding and improve educational outcomes. The findings of this study are related to the Partnership Strategy: More course institutions are working with the government and the private sector to raise funds. These partnerships help improve the accessibility and quality of education. Fund Management: Effective fund management through appropriate allocation of aspects of the teaching and learning process, as well as the use of technology to increase efficiency. Quality Development: Improving the quality of education is carried out by prioritizing the allocation of aspects of the teaching and learning process, as well as teacher and staff training. The conclusion of this study is that course institutions can increase the effectiveness and relevance of non-formal education by developing effective partnership strategies, appropriate fund management, and quality development of education that focuses on the teaching and learning process. This research adds value by providing concrete examples of how course institutions can develop partnership and fund management strategies to improve the quality and relevance of non-formal education. In addition, this study also emphasizes the importance of focusing on the teaching and learning process in improving the quality of education.
Copyright (c) 2024 Agus Sukoco, Gagah Agung Sulistyo Budi, Imam Nazarudin Latif, Abdul Talib Bin Bon (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0