Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport
Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport a starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport is the Journal of the by the Physical Education and Sport Department Universitas Negeri Semarang. The Journal has a particular focus on physical education and sport research-based articles (approximately 7000 words) that make reference to other critical work in the field and/or discuss particular issues of practice-focused research within the specific professional fields of health, sport and physical education. Editorial will privilege those articles that explore and provide a depth of understanding of the complex inter-relationship between developing/improving practice through the production of knowledge. The Journal will focus on the forms, contents and contexts of health education, sport and physical education as they relate to schools, universities and other forms of educational provision. All manuscripts are read by the Editor and by two peer reviewers through a blind review process. Online ISSN (2354-8231) Print ISSN (2354-7901) E-mail: jpehs@mail.unnes.ac.id Blacklist Author : I Kadek Junaedi Putra (Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha) Humaira Azzahra Putri Mulyana (Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia-Magister S2)
The Effectiveness of Circuit Training and Traditional Boy-Boyan Games on The Sprint Running Speed of Elementary School Students
Athletics learning in short distance running for elementary school students still fac-es various obstacles, especially low student participation due to the use of monot-onous and less varied learning methods, resulting in suboptimal sprint learning out-comes. Game-based learning approaches are considered capable of increasing stu-dent engagement while also developing motor skills, including running speed. How-ever, research specifically comparing the effectiveness of circuit training and tradi-tional boy-boyan games on improving sprint speed in elementary school students is still limited. This study aims to analyze the comparative effectiveness of circuit training games and traditional boy-boyan games on increasing the speed of short distance running of elementary school students. The approach used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest control group design). The re-search subjects amounted to 45 students in grade V who were divided into three groups, namely the circuit training group, the boyan traditional game group, and the control group. The research instrument used a 40-meter sprint running test which was carried out at the pretest and posttest stages. Data analysis was carried out using parametric statistical tests through normality and homogeneity tests as prerequisite tests, followed by the One Way ANOVA test to determine differences between groups, and the Tukey HSD post hoc follow-up test to determine specific differences. The results showed that there was a difference in increased running speed between the treatment groups. The boy-boyan traditional game group showed a significant improvement compared to the conventional learning group (p = 0.032), while the circuit training group showed no significant difference. Descrip-tively, all groups experienced an increase in running speed after being given the treatment, but the most optimal improvement occurred in the traditional boy-boyan play group. The conclusion of this study shows that the traditional boy-boyan game is more effective in increasing the speed of short distance running of elementary school students than circuit training and conventional learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport
The Influence of Gender, Type of Sport, and Social Support on the Formation of Positive Values among Adolescents
Sports are widely recognized as an important medium for cultivating positive values in adolescents. This study aims to analysis the impact of gender, sport type, and social support on the development of positive values in adolescents using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The review was conducted on 8 selected articles from 738 documents collected following the PRISMA guidelines and inclusion-exclusion criteria. The results showed that the type of sport (individual or team) influences the formation of different values, including responsibility, cooperation, and leadership. Gender factors play a role in shaping adolescents' experiences and social roles in the sport context, while social support from parents, peers, and teachers strengthens motivation and character development. The conclusion is that the formation of positive values in adolescents through sport is the result of the interaction of various factors, namely individual factors, sport type, and social support. Therefore, an integrative and contextual approach with the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework is needed. This study provides a basis for developing education and sports policies that support the development of positive character comprehensively.
Analysis of Physiological Responses of Double and Single Pickleball Players Over the Age of 40
The sport of pickleball is increasingly popular in the adult age group, including those over 40 years of age, but studies of physiological responses and game characteristics, especially comparisons between singles and doubles, are still limited. This study aimed to analyze differences in physiological responses and game characteristics between singles and doubles games in pickleball players over the age of 40. This study used a cross-sectional design with participants who were selected as members of the GMPP Pickleball club using the purposive sampling technique. Physiological responses were measured through pulse rate (5 minutes, average, and maximum), while game characteristics included steps per minute, total steps, game duration, rally time, rest time between rallies, and number of strokes. Data were collected using a Polar clock device and direct observation during the game, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and an Independent Sample t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that there was no significant difference in all physiological variables between singles and doubles (p > 0.05). However, there were significant differences in the characteristics of the game, namely rally time, game duration, rest time between rallies, and total steps (p < 0.05), where doubles games had a higher duration and total activity than singles. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in steps per minute and number of strokes. It can be concluded that the difference in the form of play does not affect the physiological response of players, but does affect the activity patterns and characteristics of the game. These findings show that singles and doubles games have different activity demands, even though they are at the same level of physiological intensity, so that both can be used as a form of physical activity for players over 40 years of age according to the purpose of training.
Pickleball; Physiological Response; Match Characteristic
The Effect of Reaction Training on Futsal Goalkeeper's Reaction Ability
The background of this research is based on the importance of the role of goalkeepers who are required to have a high reaction speed in responding to stimuli that come quickly and unexpectedly. The use of rugby football as a training medium gives the characteristics of irregular bounces. So that it can provide a more varied reaction stimulus for the goalkeeper in responding to the direction of the ball's arrival. This study aims to analyze the effect of reaski ball training using rugby ball media on improving the reaction ability of futsal goalkeepers. The research method used was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design of one group. The population in this study is 10 UKM futsal goalkeeper athletes at the Sumedang Campus, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The instrument used is the Hand Touch Reaction Test to measure the reaction speed. Treatment in the form of reaction ball training using rugby balls was given for 4 weeks with a total of 12 meetings. Data analysis was carried out using a paired sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average reaction time decreased from 1.3840 seconds in the pretest to 1.1900 seconds in the posttest. In addition, a significance value of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05) was obtained, indicating a significant difference between before and after treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that reaction ball training using rugby ball media has a significant influence on improving the reaction ability of futsal goalkeepers.
Rugby Ball; Reaction Ball Exercises; Reaction Speed; Goalkeeper; Futsal
Analysis of Constraints and Teachers’ Adaptive Teaching Strategies in Elementary School Physical Education with Limited Facilities
Limited facilities and infrastructure remain a common issue in the implementation of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PE) learning in elementary schools. These limitations may affect the effectiveness of learning activities and students’ participation in physical education. This study examines the challenges encountered and the adaptive teaching strategies employed by teachers in the implementation of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PE) learning in schools with limited facilities. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design at Pangadegan Elementary School to explore the phenomenon in its real context. Data collection was conducted by interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion development. The results indicate that the main challenges are linked to the limited access to sports fields, insufficient equipment and limited space for students to move, which leads to less optimal learning activities. To meet these challenges, teachers applied adaptive strategies, such as changing the location of learning activities, adjusting games, and adapting learning materials to the conditions available. The role of the school principal in facilitating learning management also supports the effectiveness of these strategies. However, students showed high enthusiasm in participating in learning activities, but they still had difficulties in motor skill performance. These results show that the success of Physical Education learning is determined not only by the availability of facilities, but also by the adaptability and support from the school teachers.
The Relationship Between Consumption of Sweet Foods and Beverages and Physical Fitness Levels Among Adolescents
Adolescence is a critical transitional phase marked by significant physical development and changing dietary habits, including an increased preference for sugar-sweetened products. Excessive sugar consumption is theoretically linked to metabolic disturbances and muscle fatigue, which may negatively impact physical fitness. This study aims to investigate the relationship between sugar-sweetened intake and physical fitness levels among adolescents at Batik 1 Surakarta Senior High School. An observational study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted involving 91 adolescent students at Batik 1 Surakarta Senior High School, selected through simple random sampling. Sugar-sweetened intake, encompassing both foods and beverages, was assessed using a FFQ covering the past month. Physical fitness levels were measured using the Harvard Step Test to calculate the Physical Fitness Index (PFI). Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test to identify significant correlations between variables, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. The Chi-Square test results showed a p-value = 0,080 with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2,375 (CI = 0,889-6,344), indicating no statistically significant relationship between the consumption of sweet foods and beverages and physical fitness levels among adolescents at Batik 1 Surakarta Senior High School. However, frequency distribution data revealed an interesting trend; the group of adolescents with infrequent sugar-sweetened intake had a higher proportion of those in the "fit" category (33,3%) compared to the high-intake group (17,4%). This suggests a tendency for decreased physical fitness among individuals who more frequently consume sugar-sweetened products. This study concludes that there is no significant direct relationship between the consumption of sweet foods and beverages and physical fitness levels among adolescents. This suggests the need for further investigation into other contributing factors in future research to better understand the multifactorial complexity of physical fitness.
Analysis of Tourist Motivation Factors in Choosing Adventure-Based Rafting Destinations in Sumedang
Adventure-based tourism is growing rapidly as the preferences of tourists who are not only looking for entertainment, but also unique, challenging, and close to nature experiences. One form of adventure tourism that is in demand is rafting because it offers different sensations, challenges, and natural experiences. Sumedang Regency has great potential for the development of rafting tourism through supportive river conditions and beautiful natural panoramas. However, this potential has not been utilized optimally. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence tourists' decisions in choosing adventure-based rafting destinations in Sumedang Regency. The research uses a qualitative descriptive approach to gain an in-depth understanding of travelers' experiences, perceptions, and decision-making processes. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving tourists, rafting managers, and tour guides with purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis was carried out using thematic coding and source triangulation to ensure the validity of the data. The results of the study show that tourists' decisions are influenced by two main dimensions, namely attraction and satisfaction. The attractiveness dimension includes accessibility, adventure experience, and digital promotion, while the satisfaction dimension includes amenities, price, quality of service, and security. The security factor is an important aspect in building tourist trust. In addition, digital marketing strategies and collaboration between tourism managers and local governments play an important role in increasing the competitiveness of destinations and tourist visits.
Adventure Tourism; Rafting; Attractiveness
Comparison of Physical Activity of Generation Z and Millennial Running Participants in Sports Tourism
Mass running events have emerged as an increasingly popular lifestyle trend among different age groups, connecting sport and recreation with public health. In this study, the researcher wants to evaluate and compare the physical activity of Gen Z and Gen Y (Millennials) who run sport tourism in Bandung city, West Java. Comparative descriptions were used to evaluate the behaviors of these two cohorts, and the methods used were descriptive. Out of the 100 non-athletes that participated in the research, 50 were Millennials and 50 were Generation Z participants. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form was used to determine the amount of energy expended in MET-minutes/week. The data analysis was descriptive statistics, crosstabulation and Mann-Whitney U test which were selected due to the results of prerequisite evaluation that showed the data were not normally distributed and not homogeneous. The descriptive data revealed that, mean physical activity score for Generation Z is 2439.30 MET-minutes/weeks which is slightly higher than that of Millennials (2356.86 MET-minutes/weeks). Moreover, 22.0 per cent of participants in Generation Z had high activity levels, while 14.0 per cent of participants in the Millennials category had high activity levels, but the majority of response categories were classified into the moderate activity category. The Mann-Whitney U test, however, found an asymptotic significance value of 0.129. This figure is less than 0.05, which suggests that the overall physical activity levels are not measurably different between the two generations. The study finds that sport tourism is a lifestyle factor that brings people together regardless of age. Generation Z and Millennials exhibit similar active behaviours, which means mass running events are a successful initiative for public health and whole-of-person wellness, transcending the generational divide.
Physical Activity; Mood; Recreational Sports Community
Physical Condition Profile of West Java Finswimming Athletes at the Aceh National Sports Week (PON) Based on Competition Number
This research is motivated by the importance of mapping physical conditions as a basis for developing specific training programs for finswimming athletes, especially for national-level competitions such as the National Sport Week. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical condition profile of West Java finswimming athletes based on the competition events at the 2024 Aceh PON. The method used was descriptive quantitative with a total of 14 athletes (n=14) as subjects. Data collection was carried out through a series of physical condition tests covering flexibility, reaction speed, power, endurance, core stability, and VO2Max. Data analysis used descriptive statistics in the form of means, standard deviations, and percentages. The results showed that the core stability component had optimal achievement (100%) in all events, while leg power was the weakest component with an average of around 24%. In addition, aerobic capacity (VO2Max) showed variation between events, with a range of 76% to 99%, where middle to long distance events tended to have higher values than sprints. The conclusion of this study confirms that although athletes' core stability is already very good, increasing leg power needs to be a top priority in the training program. In addition, the differences in VO2Max profiles between events indicate the need for a more specific training approach according to the demands of each event.
Finswimming; Physical Condition Profile; Competition Number; National Sport Week; Quantitative Descriptive; Diving Athlete.
The Training Using a Hanging Ball Modification Tool as an Effort to Improve Basic Volleyball Passing Techniques
This research is motivated by the low technical ability of elementary school students in volleyball underhand passing during extracurricular activities, caused by a lack of structured, repetitive, and innovative training. This study aims to analyze the effect of training using a modified hanging ball in the drill method on improving underhand passing ability. The method used was a quantitative one-group pretest-posttest preexperimental design. The subjects were 28 extracurricular students at Babakan Rancakalong Elementary School, selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was an underhand passing skills test covering initial stance, execution, and final stance. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the paired sample t-test, and the effect size test (Cohen's d). The results showed a significant increase in underhand passing ability, indicated by an increase in the average score from 19.17 (pretest) to 26.46 (posttest), with the minimum score increasing from 12 to 18 and the maximum score from 32 to 36. Normality testing indicated a normally distributed data (p > 0.05). A paired sample t-test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between before and after the treatment. The effect size of 3.64 indicated a very large effect. The conclusion of this study is that training using a modified hanging ball in the drill method effectively improves elementary school students' basic underhand passing skills and can be used as an alternative, innovative, systematic, and applicable learning method.
Underhand Passing; Volleyball; Drill Methods; Hanging Balls; Modification tools
The Effect of Functional Training on Leg Muscle Power for Block Jumps in Volleyball
Improving leg muscle power is essential to support explosive movements in volleyball, particularly for defensive actions such as block jumps. Therefore, a specific and functional training approach is needed to enhance athletes’ lower limb explosive power and optimize blocking performance. This study aims to determine the effect of functional training on leg muscle power for block jumps in volleyball athletes at Tribakti Pangalengan Vocational High School, considering that many adolescent volleyball athletes still experience limitations in vertical jump performance, which affects the effectiveness of blocking techniques during matches. The method used was a pre-experimental One Group Pretest–Posttest with a sample of 15 athletes aged 15–18 years who were selected purposively. The treatment was a functional training program including box jumps, squat jumps, lateral bounds, and Bulgarian split squat jumps carried out for 12 meetings (3 times/week). The instrument for measuring leg muscle power used the Vertical Jump Test with pretest and posttest procedures. The results of the descriptive analysis showed an average increase in vertical jump from 47 cm (pretest) to 53 cm (posttest), with an average difference of 6 cm. The Shapiro–Wilk normality test showed that the data were normally distributed, so the Paired Sample t-Test test was continued which resulted in t = -17.64 and p = 0.000 (p <0.05), which means the increase was statistically significant. These findings are consistent with the literature stating that functional training is effective in increasing explosive strength and movement quality. In conclusion, functional training significantly improves leg muscle power, which supports block jumping ability in volleyball athletes.
Functional Training; Leg Muscle Power; Volleyball Game Training; Teenage Players.
The Effect of Futsal Extracurricular Activities on The Development of Attitude and Teamwork among Students
In today’s gadget-dominated world, fostering positive attitudes and teamwork among students is of utmost importance, given the negative effects of prolonged gadget use and the resulting addiction. Character education in schools plays a vital role in fostering a generation of citizens with positive values. One school program that plays a significant role is the futsal extracurricular activity conducted outside the classroom. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the futsal extracurricular activity can effectively develop attitudes and teamwork among students at Junior High School 3 Lembang . The method used is a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative research design. The sample in this study was selected using purposive sampling, comprising 40 students: a futsal extracurricular group (n = 20) and a non-futsal extracurricular control group (n = 20). The study utilized a questionnaire instrument with a Likert scale that had been validated for both validity and reliability. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the descriptive statistics showed a significant difference in the High category. The experimental group (students participating in the futsal extracurricular activity) scored 100% on both the attitude and teamwork variables, far higher than the control group (students not participating in the futsal extracurricular activity), which scored only 55% (attitude) and 5% (teamwork). The results of the inferential statistics for both variables yielded a Sig. (2-tailed) value < 0.001. The Effect Size test (Cohen’s d) for the attitude variable yielded a value of 1.229, and for teamwork, 1.257. Conclusion: This study shows that futsal extracurricular activities are highly effective in developing students’ attitudes and teamwork skills as a solution to the widespread use of gadgets.
Attitude; Effect Size; Futsal Extracurricular Activities; Gadgets; Teamwork
Analysis of Chess Practice as a Medium for Cultivating Responsibility in School-Age Children
This research is motivated by the low level of responsibility in children who participate in chess club activities, which is shown through undisciplined behavior such as arriving late, not completing practice, and not caring about equipment. This condition impacts the development of skills and decreases the motivation and quality of children's learning. This study aims to analyze how chess training can be a medium for instilling the value of responsibility in school-age children. The methodology used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design. The research subjects consisted of children participating in a chess club, coaches, and club administrators selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as supporting data for the research. Data analysis used an interactive model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with data validity maintained through triangulation and member checking. The results show that chess training can instill the value of responsibility through disciplinary habituation strategies, such as time discipline, responsibility for the environment and equipment, and consistent religious values. The role of the coach is key through consistent application of rules, providing motivation, and the use of rewards and consequences. In conclusion, structured and systematic chess training can be an effective medium for developing children's responsible character through sustainable positive behavioral habits. .
The Relationship Between Communication and Teamwork with The Learning Outcomes of Physical Education, Sports and Health
This research is motivated by the fact that student involvement in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PE) learning is still not optimal, especially in the aspects of communication and teamwork that have the potential to affect learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between communication skills and teamwork on student learning outcomes. The research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational descriptive method. The research subjects consisted of 90 grade VII of Junior High School 12 Bandung who were selected using a simple random sampling technique based on certain criteria. Data collection was carried out through a Likert scale questionnaire that has been adjusted to the context of Physical education learning. Data analysis uses descriptive and inferential statistics. The normality test showed that not all variables were normally distributed, so the analysis was continued using the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that communication had a significant and strong relationship with learning outcomes (r = 0.759; p < 0.05), while teamwork had a very strong relationship (r = 0.830; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, communication and teamwork also showed a very strong association with learning outcomes (r = 0.818; p < 0.05). These findings indicate that teamwork has a more dominant role than communication, especially in PE learning based on group activities. Communication serves as the basis for information delivery and coordination, while teamwork strengthens the process of interaction, role-sharing, and student engagement. Thus, it can be concluded that communication and teamwork are two aspects that complement each other and need to be developed simultaneously to improve student learning outcomes in Physical education learning.
The Influence of Traditional Games on The Agility of Rugby Athletes in Sumedang Regency
This research is motivated by the importance of improving the physical condition component, especially agility, in rugby and the need for innovative and non-monotonous training methods. Traditional games are seen as an interesting and effective alternative to exercise because they have dynamic movement characteristics. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of traditional games on the increase in the agility of rugby athletes in Sumedang Regency and the amount of contribution given. This study uses a quantitative approach with experimental methods and one group pretest-posttest design. The research sample amounted to 10 rugby athletes who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The instrument used is the Illinois Agility Test to measure the level of agility of athletes. Treatment was given through a traditional game training program (boy-boyan, galah salt, and ucing bancakan) for 12 meetings. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistics with paired sample t-tests. The results showed a significant increase in athletes' agility after being given treatment, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. This shows that traditional games have a significant effect on the increase in the agility of rugby athletes. Thus, traditional games can be used as an effective alternative method of exercise, not only to improve physical ability, but also to increase motivation and reduce boredom in the training process.
Traditional Games; Agility; Athletes Rugby
Application of the Personal and Social Responsibility Teaching Model to Emotional Control and Responsibility
This study is motivated by the declining trend of students’ character values, particularly in the aspects of emotional control and responsibility within the school environment. Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PE) learning has a strategic role in developing these aspects through structured and value-based physical activities. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) learning model on students’ emotional control and responsibility. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were eighth-grade students of Bandung State Junior High School 26 through cluster random sampling, with one class as the experimental group and one class as the control group. The research instruments used were the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) and the Personal and Social Responsibility Questionnaire (PSRQ). Data analysis was conducted using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent samples t-test, and N-Gain analysis to determine the level of improvement effectiveness. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the TPSR model on students’ emotional control and responsibility (p < 0.05). The improvement in emotional control in the experimental group was categorized as moderately effective, while the improvement in responsibility was in the moderate category and more dominant compared to the control group. These findings indicate that TPSR is more optimal in developing responsibility aspects than emotional control. Therefore, it can be concluded that the TPSR model is effective for use in PE learning as an effort to strengthen students’ character, although its implementation needs to be carried out consistently and sustainably to achieve more optimal results.
Self-Confidence and Badminton Athlete Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis
Self-confidence influences badminton performance via pathways that alleviate anxiety, enhance focus and maintain tactical execution, but global reviews of these pathways are fragmented. The objective of this study is to map the global research landscape on self-confidence and badminton athlete performance, quantify the productivity and collaboration patterns, and identify the thematic gaps. We analyzed 4,550 open-access English-language articles indexed in Scopus (2022-2026; export date April 22, 2026) using a three-level reduction strategy: the full sport and sport psychology field (n = 4,550), a sport psychology subset (n = 894), and a badminton subset (n = 26), with a core subset of 20 articles linking badminton to psychological constructs. Performance and science-mapping analyses were performed using Python (pandas, matplotlib, seaborn) and Biblioshiny. Total publications increased by 205% from 2022 (n = 467) to 2025 (n = 1,423). The subset of sport psychology tripled (88 to 275). The most prolific journal was Frontiers in Psychology with 96 articles. The United States (141), United Kingdom (129) and China (108) led the sport psychology output while Indonesia contributed 42.3% of badminton articles (11 of 26). The most common author keywords were self-efficacy (47), self-confidence (35), and performance (35). There are only 20 core articles worldwide about badminton and psychological constructs. Self-confidence is a key, yet less explored, construct in badminton research. Badminton-specific output is dominated by Indonesia, but longitudinal, gender-sensitive and intervention studies are urgently needed.
Self-Confidence; Self- Efficacy; Badminton; Sport Psychology; Athlete Performanc; Bibliometric Analysis
The Effect of the Combination of Resistance Band and Plyometric Training on the Shoot- ing Accuracy of Women's Futsal Players
The low shooting accuracy of female futsal players shows that the training program implemented has not been able to fully integrate aspects of physical condition and technical skills optimally, thus having an impact on the effectiveness of the final finish in game situations. This problem requires a more specific, structured, and contextual approach to training in accordance with the requirements of movement in futsal. This study aims to analyze the effect of the combination of resistance band and plyometric training on improving the shooting accuracy of female futsal players. The research method used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design in the form of a pretest-posttest design of one group to assess changes in abil- ity before and after treatment. The subjects were all female futsal players of Student Activity Unit of the University of Education Indonesia Sumedang which were de- termined through total sampling techniques. The research instrument used a target- based futsal shot accuracy test to objectively measure the level of shot accuracy. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics to describe the initial and final conditions, as well as inferential statistics including normality tests, paired t-tests, and regression analyses to test the significance of differences and treatment contributions. The results of the study showed an increase in shooting accuracy after being given a training program, as indicated by an increase in the pretest average of 17.47 to 21.35 in the posttest, as well as a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05 so that the research hypothesis was accepted. These findings indicate that the combination of resistance bands and plyometric exercises is effective in improving shooting accuracy by improving movement control, stability, strength, and body coordination. Therefore, it can be concluded that this joint training program has a positive impact and contributes to the development of sports training science through a more integrated and applicable training approach.
Futsal Shooting Accuracy; Band Resistance Training; Plyometric Training
The Influence of the Jigsaw Learning Model on Self-Esteem and Basic Basketball Technical Skills in Elementary Schools
The Jigsaw Learning Model is a learning strategy that emphasizes cooperation among students by dividing the material into small sections that are studied in groups. Each group member is responsible for studying one section of the material, then meets with members of other groups who are studying the same section (called expert groups), and then returns to their original group to teach the material they have understood. The purpose of this study is to analyze improvements in basic basketball skills and self-esteem through the application of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a pre-experimental approach. The research subjects are students in class VC, who were divided into small, heterogeneous groups. The research data was analyzed using Excel 2021. The results showed an improvement in the basic basketball skills of students in Class VC at Elementary School 178 Gegerkalong KPAD following the implementation of the jigsaw learning model. The students’ average score increased from 41 in the pre-cycle phase to 62.4 at the end of Cycle II. Additionally, students’ self-esteem levels also increased, from an initial average score of 60.45 to 78.62 following the implementation of the instructional interventions. In conclusion, the implementation of the jigsaw learning model, carried out over four interventions across two cycles, proved effective in enhancing both the basic basketball skills and self-esteem of students in Class VC at Elementary School 178 Gegerkalong KPAD. The results of the students’ basic basketball skill tests showed a significant improvement from the pre-cycle results to the fourth intervention in Cycle II. Implicitly, the Jigsaw cooperative learning model can be used as an effective learning strategy to improve students’ basic basketball skills.
Jigsaw; Self-Esteem; Basic Technical Skills; Basketball; Elementary School
The Impact of the Menstrual Cycle on Athlete Self-Efficacy
Menstrual cycle fluctuations shape the physiological and psychological landscape of female athletes, yet self-efficacy a central construct in sport psychology remains under-theorized at this intersection. Comprehensive synthesis integrating bibliometric trends with systematic evidence is absent. This study conducted a bibliometric-systematic literature review examining menstrual cycle effects on self-efficacy in female athletes from 2010 to April 2026. We analyzed 1,446 peer-reviewed articles from 809 Scopus-indexed journals using bibliometrix (R) version 4.1.4 and igraph. Quality assessment employed a hybrid instrument integrating CASP, Cochrane RoB 2.0, JBI, and a menstrual-cycle-specific criterion (κ=0.82). Six research questions addressed cycle-phase effects, measurement validity, sport-discipline variance, cultural moderators, age-level differences, and policy implications. Publication output grew exponentially from 35 articles in 2010 to 245 in 2025 (annual growth rate 5.22%), with 59.6% concentrated in 2021-2026. Logistic modeling projected peak productivity at 2026.4 (R²=0.660). Geographic concentration in North America and Europe reached 78.1%; Southeast Asia showed near-zero representation. Five thematic clusters emerged: Physiological-Hormonal, Applied Sports Activity, Psychosocial Factors, Reproductive Health, and Methodological. Of 1,446 articles, 167 (11.5%) satisfied all four core constructs (menstruation × athlete × female × self-efficacy). A central paradox emerged: 52.1% discussed self-efficacy or confidence, but only 4.7% used "self-efficacy" as an explicit keyword. Self-efficacy declined in menstrual and late-luteal phases and peaked in late-follicular phase (d=0.15-0.45). Hormonal-confirmation methods produced smaller effect sizes than calendar self-report, revealing over-estimation bias in pre-2019 literature. Aesthetic sports showed highest sensitivity; team sports lowest. Methodological quality rose from 6.2/10 (2010-2015) to 8.2/10 (2021-2026). The field stands at a growth-to-maturity transition with substantial opportunities in non-Western contexts. We propose three integrative frameworks: a Biopsychosocial Self-Efficacy Model, a Cultural-Hormonal Interaction Model, and a Measurement-Validity Framework. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs with culturally diverse populations, particularly from Southeast Asia.
The Influence of Triangle Dribbling Training and Students' Eight-Ball Dribbling Training
Dribbling skills are one of the basic techniques that are important in the game of football because they play a role in possession, passing opponents, and creating attack opportunities. However, effective practice methods are still needed to improve students' dribbling skills. This study aims to determine the effect of triangular pattern dribbling practice on students' dribbling skills, the effect of number eight pattern dribbling practice on students' dribbling skills, and to compare the difference in the influence of the two practice methods in improving dribbling skills in football matches. The research method used was an experiment with a pretest and posttest design. The research subjects were divided into two groups, namely the triangle pattern dribbling practice group and the eight-digit pattern dribbling practice group. Data collection was carried out through Dribbling ability tests before treatment (pretest) and after treatment (posttest). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality test, homogeneity test, and t test. The results of the study showed that both training methods were able to improve students' dribbling skills . In the triangle pattern dribbling practice group , an average pretest score of 9.37 and a posttest score of 8.86 were obtained. Meanwhile, in the Dribbling training group, eight patterns were obtained with an average pretest score of 9.67 and 9.03 posttest. These results show that triangle pattern dribbling exercises provide better improvement than eight-digit pattern dribbling exercises. Thus, both training methods are effective in improving students ' dribbling skills in football matches.
Physical Education; Dribbling; Triangle Pattern Training; Number Eight; Drill; Dribbling Skills; Soccer
Mental Coaching Pattern By Coaches in Increasing The Confidence of Koni Squash Athletes in Bandung City
Mental factors play an important role in determining athlete performance; however, the mental development of squash athletes at the KONI Bandung City is still not fully structured, resulting in problems such as low self-confidence and competitive anxiety. This study aims to understand the mental coaching pattern of squash coaches of KONI Bandung City, the strategies used, and its impact on athletes' confidence with a qualitative approach of case study design through interviews, observations, and documentation on two coaches and eleven athletes. The results showed that mental coaching was carried out in an integrated manner with physical and technical aspects through humanist and adaptive approaches, such as match simulation, emotion regulation, personal communication, and self-talk. The observational findings showed optimal achievement in physical readiness and resilience (100%), while cognitive and motivational aspects were in the range of 54%–72%, which showed a variation in athletes' mental stability. In conclusion, structured and sustainable mental coaching is effective in increasing athletes' confidence and mental resilience, but it is still necessary to strengthen the cognitive aspects and mental independence so that athletes' performance is more stable and optimal.
The Effect of Using Robopong, Spinwheel, and Return Board on The Accuracy of Top Spin Strikes
Top spin is an important technique in table tennis that requires targeted training with the right media, but the effectiveness of various training media such as robopong, spinwheel, and return board in improving top spin accuracy has not been studied much comparatively. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the influence provided by the media or training tools (robopong, spinwheel and return board) on improving the accuracy of top spin strokes in table tennis. The research method used in this study is Quasi-Experimental Design: Pretest–Posttest Nonequivalent Groups Design, where the sample will be divided into three groups by starting with pretest data collection then treatment in groups for 12 meetings and ending with a posttest. The sample consisted of 15 active members of the Table Tennis Student Activity Units UPI Sumedang Campus, the sample selection was carried out using a purposive sampling technique which was then continued with a group division technique using the Matching-Only Design technique. The results of the study showed that there was a significant influence of the three media or training tools on improving the accuracy of top spin strokes in table tennis, however, the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between the three training media on improving the accuracy of top spin strokes in table tennis. So it can be concluded that the three training media have an effect on increasing the accuracy of top spin strokes in table tennis, but there is no significant difference. The three research groups have a relatively similar level in increasing the accuracy of top spin strokes, although the average for each group is different, but it is not enough to show significant effectiveness in influencing the accuracy of top spin in the sport of table tennis.
Analysis of Students' Social Skills in Futsal Learning at High School Level
Social skils are an important aspect that must be developed in students,as they support interaction,cooperation,and adaption in the school environment.However,not all students demonstrate optimal social skills,especially in activities that require teamwork and communication.Therefore,interactive learning approaches are needed,one of which is physical education through futsal. This study aims to analyze the tendency of students social skills in futsal learning at Senior High School 4 Tasikmalaya.it uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive trend analysis method without treatment.the subject were 94 students from classes X,XI,and XII.Data were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire covering cooperation,communication,sporsmanship,responsibility,discipline,and empathy.Data analysis used descriptive statistics with percentage techniques. The result show that student social skills are generally in the very good category,with percentages of 97% for clas X,94% for clas XI,and 95% for class XII.These findings indicate that futsal learning plays are role in supporting the development of students social skills and can be used as an effective learning medium in schools.
Physical Activity; Social Support; Cognitive Ability; Motor Skills; Students
Social support; self-efficacy; aktivitas fisik
The Effect of Elderly Gymnastics on Lowering Blood Pressure in Elderly Patients with Hypertension
Hypertension affects 50-60% of the elderly population due to a decrease in the physiological function of blood vessels that are at risk of causing cardiovascular complications. Blood pressure control is not only carried out with antihypertensive drugs, but also requires a non-pharmacological approach. One of the efforts that can be made is elderly gymnastics. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of elderly gymnastics on the reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in elderly with hypertension, both those who take antihypertensive drugs and those who do not, at Wisma Lansia J. Soenarti Nasution. This study uses a quantitative approach with an ex post facto design. The study subjects amounted to 20 elderly people with a total sampling technique. Blood pressure measurement was carried out using a digital sphygmomanometer after the implementation of elderly gymnastics during the period from September – December. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. The results of the analysis show the value of Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.000 (p < 0.05) across systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements in each period, indicating a statistically significant difference. Elderly gymnastics was shown to have a blood pressure lowering and stabilizing effect in both groups, with blood pressure relatively lower in the group without the consumption of antihypertensive drugs. Elderly gymnastics has a significant effect on blood pressure control in the elderly with hypertension, both as non-pharmacological intervention and as a complementary therapy to antihypertensive treatment. These findings support the sustainable intergration of elderly gymnastics in elderly health programs.
The Effect of Right-Left Smash Drill Training Patterns on Smash Direction Accuracy in Badminton Athletes Aged 10-12 Years
The precise direction of a smash is an essential ability in badminton that must be cultivated from a young age. Nonetheless, numerous athletes aged 10 to 12 continue to experience difficulties with precise smash direction. Consequently, right-left smash workouts are essential for enhancing this skill. This study seeks to ascertain the baseline accuracy of athletes' smash direction abilities prior to the implementation of training interventions, hence establishing the fundamental skill level of the athletes. This study employs a quantitative technique utilising a pre-experimental design, especially a one-group pretest-posttest framework, to examine the effect of right-left smash training on smash direction accuracy in PB Sampoerna badminton competitors aged 10 to 12 years. The training occurred at PB. Sampoerna event in the North Sumedang District, Sumedang Regency, includes 20 participants aged 10 to 12 years, who were selected as research participants through a saturated sampling method. The research procedure includes initial measurements (pretest), providing treatment in the form of right-left smash. The results of the normality test show that the significance value (p-value) of the pretest data is 0.055, while the significance value of the posttest data is 0.569. Both significance scores exceed 0.05 (p > 0.05), indicating that the pretest and posttest data are regularly distributed. The statistical analysis of the paired sample t-test yielded a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000. This value is less than the designated significance level (α = 0.05). This indicates that the right-left smash drill training pattern has a significant effect. Systematic and repetitive practice has demonstrated enhancements in motor coordination, shot consistency, and shuttlecock directional control, leading to increased accuracy in smashes for athletes. The right-left smash training pattern is a useful technique for enhancing smash skills, especially directional precision, in young athletes.
The Effect of Mental Toughness on Decision Making in West Java PPLP Gymnasts
Gymnastics is a closed-skill sport that demands an extremely high level of movement precision, complex routines, and full concentration. In the context of elite competition, the ability to make quick and accurate decisions is often associated with the athletes' mental toughness when facing high pressure from judges and performance expectations. This study aimed to empirically examine the effect of mental toughness on decision-making skills in elite gymnasts. This research used a correlational quantitative approach. The subjects were the entire population of 11 athletes from the West Java Student Sports Education and Training Center (PPLP) for gymnastics, selected using the total sampling technique. Data were collected systematically using the standardized Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), which measures confidence, constancy, and control, alongside an adapted decision-making questionnaire by Leykin & DeRubeis. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed a homogeneous phenomenon, where the majority of athletes (72.7%) had uniform levels of mental toughness and decision-making skills in the medium category. Based on the Shapiro-Wilk normality prerequisite test, the data distribution was partially not normal. Therefore, hypothesis testing was carried out using Kendall's Tau-b non-parametric statistical analysis. The test results showed a correlation coefficient of -0.200 with a significance value (p-value) of 0.420 (p > 0.05). These results conclude that statistically, there is no significant effect of mental toughness on decision-making skills in West Java PPLP gymnasts. These in-depth findings indicate that in closed-skill sports such as gymnastics, elite-level athletes tend to have reached an established stage of movement automation. Therefore, the effectiveness of decision-making in the field is dominated more by technical maturity and internalized muscle memory repetition, rather than by independent fluctuations in psychological variables.
Comparison of The Effectiveness of Interval Training and Circuit Training in Increasing The Endurance in Futsal Extracurricular
Endurance is an important component in physical fitness which is needed in futsal, because this game requires repetitive activities with varying intensities so that players must be able to maintain optimal performance. However, there are still many futsal extracurricular students who experience rapid fatigue and decreased performance, so effective training methods are needed to increase endurance. This study aims to analyzed the influence and difference in the effectiveness of interval training and circuit training in increasing the endurance of futsal extracurricular students at the junior high school level. The method used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design through a two-group pretest-posttest approach, which involves two groups. The participants amounted to 22 male students aged 13-15 years from State Junior High School 1 Conggeang who were divided into two groups, each given interval training and circuit training for 12 meetings. The instrument used is a multistage fitness test (bleep test) to measure VO₂max as an indicator of cardiovascular endurance. Data analysis was carried out using the help of SPSS 27 through descriptive tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t tests. The results showed that there was an increase in the average value of endurance in both groups, where the circuit training group increased from 35,845 to 38,645, while the interval training group increased from 36,082 to 39,000. The paired sample t-test showed that both exercise methods had a significant effect on increasing endurance (p < 0.05). However, the results of the independent samples t-test showed no significant difference between the two methods (p = 0.671 > 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that interval training and circuit training are both effective in increasing endurance, but do not show significant differences in effectiveness. This study provides the implication that both training methods can be used flexibly in fostering students' physical fitness, especially in futsal extracurricular activities.
Endurance; Circuit Training; Futsal Training; Interval Training
The Relationship between Gadget Use and Elementary School Students' Psychomotor Abilities
This study is based on the fact that elementary school-aged children frequently use gadgets, which can impact their motor skills and the quality of movement in daily life. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between electronic device use and the psychomotor abilities of first-grade elementary school students, as well as the contribution of electronic device use to psychomotor development. The study also examined the frequency of children's use of electronic devices. This may impact the balance between digital and physical activity, both of which are important components of child development. This study used a quantitative correlational approach and an ex post facto design. The study involved 60 randomly selected students from Pasir Biru and Cikeusik Elementary Schools. The TGMD2 Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition was used to assess students' psychomotor abilities. A questionnaire was also used to measure the level of device use. The data were then analyzed using SPSS version 25 to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, normality tests, Spearman correlation tests, and linear regression analyses. The results of the study showed a negative relationship between device use and psychomotor abilities, but this relationship was not statistically significant, with a correlation coefficient of -0.028. Furthermore, the analysis showed that the contribution of device use to psychomotor abilities was relatively low. This suggests that many other factors outside the study were more influential, such as physical activity, the play environment, and parenting styles. Therefore, it can be concluded that device use is not an important or primary factor influencing students' psychomotor abilities. Therefore, efforts to maximize students' psychomotor development should focus on increasing physical activity and controlling device use wisely and in a balanced manner in everyday life.
Gadget Use; Psychomotor Ability; Elementary Students; Motor Skills; Digital Technology
The Effect of Using Gamification-Based Learning Media in Increasing Interest in Learning Physical Education State Senior High School
This study is motivated by the declining interest of students in participating in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PE) learning, which is influenced by the dominance of digital technology, monotonous teaching methods, and the lack of innovative learning media. In the current digital era, students tend to prefer technology-based activities over physical activities, which has an impact on their engagement in PE learning. Therefore, innovative approaches such as gamification-based learning media are needed to create more engaging and interactive learning experiences. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of gamification-based learning media on the interest in learning Physical Education, Sports, and Health of class X students of State Senior High School 15 Bandung. The study used a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample consisted of 85 students determined using the Slovin formula from a total population of 544 students. Data collection was carried out through a Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed using simple linear regression assisted by SPSS 17. The results showed that the use of gamification-based learning media had a significant effect on interest in learning Physical Education, Sports, and Health with a significance value of 0.000, a regression coefficient of 0.655, and an R Square value of 0.461. Thus, gamification-based learning media has proven effective in increasing interest in learning Physical Education and can be an alternative innovative learning approach in senior high schools.
Gamification; Interest In Learning; Physical Education