Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport
Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport a starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpehs MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport is the Journal of the by the Physical Education and Sport Department Universitas Negeri Semarang. The Journal has a particular focus on physical education and sport research-based articles (approximately 7000 words) that make reference to other critical work in the field and/or discuss particular issues of practice-focused research within the specific professional fields of health, sport and physical education. Editorial will privilege those articles that explore and provide a depth of understanding of the complex inter-relationship between developing/improving practice through the production of knowledge. The Journal will focus on the forms, contents and contexts of health education, sport and physical education as they relate to schools, universities and other forms of educational provision. All manuscripts are read by the Editor and by two peer reviewers through a blind review process. Online ISSN (2354-8231) Print ISSN (2354-7901) E-mail: jpehs@mail.unnes.ac.id Blacklist Author : I Kadek Junaedi Putra (Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha)
The Relationship between Physical Literacy and Physical Fitness in Physical Education in Senior Schools in the City of Bandung
This study aims to analyze the relationship between physical literacy and physical fitness in physical education learning in grade XI high school students throughout the city of Bandung. The research uses a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The research subjects amounted to 324 students who were selected through cluster random sampling techniques from three State High Schools in the city of Bandung. Physical literacy was measured using the Physical Literacy Assessment of Youth (PLAY) instrument, while physical fitness was measured using the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN). Data analysis includes instrument validity and reliability tests, descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation tests, and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the level of physical literacy of students was in the medium category and there was a positive and significant relationship between physical literacy and physical fitness (p < 0.05), although the strength of the relationship was relatively low. Regression analysis shows that physical literacy contributes significantly to students' physical fitness. The conclusion of this study shows that physical literacy has an important role in supporting students' physical fitness, so strengthening physical literacy needs to be systematically integrated in physical education learning in schools.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport
Physical activity is considered to affect mood, but this relationship is not always consistent and may depend on the context of the activity and individual characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of physical activity on mood among members of a recreational sports community using a cross-sectional study design involving 52 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and grouped into three type of activities (running, trail run, and cycling), while mood was measured using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS). Data analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA test, which showed that there were no significant differences in physical activity levels between activity groups (F = 2.502; p = 0.092) or in mood conditions between physical activity groups (F = 2.006; p = 0.145). These findings indicate that physical activity does not have a significant effect on mood in the recreational sports community in this study, suggesting taht the relationship between physical activity and mood is complex and may be influenced by other factors such as intensity, consistency, social context, and unmeasured psychological variables.
Physical Activity; Mood; Recreational Sports Community
Effect of Psychoeducational on Athletic Identity among Adolescent Taekwondo Athletes
Most athletes begin their professional careers at a young age facing complex academic, social, and athletic demands, particulary during adolescence. These conditions make the formation of athletic identity a dynamic to process that is prone to athletic identity crises, especially among taekwondo athletes. This study aims to examine effect of psychoeducational on athletic identity among adolescent taekwondo athletes. The research method used was an experiment with a pretes-postest control group design. The research subject were 20 taekwondo athletes aged 18-21 years, divided into a experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was given psychoeducational intervention, which include psychological education, stress management, motivation enhancement, and coping techniques for four weeks, while tnhe control group was not given any treatment. Athletic identity was measured using the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The result of the Independent samples T-Test showed a significant difference between the experimental and the control groups, with a p – value of 0.003 (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicate a significant effect. These findings indicate that psychoeducational significantly athletic identity of adolescent taekwondo athletes.
Adolescent Athletes; Athletic Identity; Psychoeducational Intervention
Analysis of Emotional Intelligence and Emotional Regulation Levels in Futsal Athletes
Futsal athletes frequently experience decreased concentration and increased technical errors when they are unable to regulate their emotions effectively under high competitive pressure. The fast-paced nature of futsal, combined with limited space, intense physical contact, and rapid decision-making demands, places significant psychological stress on athletes. Emotional intelligence is considered a key psychological factor that may support athletes in managing their emotional responses and maintaining optimal performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence and emotional regulation in futsal athletes. The research employed a descriptive correlational quantitative design. The sample consisted of 17 male futsal athletes from the Indonesia University of Education, selected using purposive sampling based on their status as experienced core players actively participating in competitions. Emotional intelligence was measured using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue-SF), consisting of 30 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale, while emotional regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Athletes (ERQ-A) 12 items. Data analysis utilized SPSS 29, including descriptive statistics, normality testing (Shapiro-Wilk), and Pearson correlation. Results showed emotional intelligence mean=3.37±0.53 (range: 2.33-4.33) and emotion regulation mean=47.20±5.10 (range: 38-55). Pearson correlation revealed significant positive relationship (r=0.722, p=0.018<0.05), rejecting H₀ and confirming strong correlation. Higher emotional intelligence predicted better emotion regulation, supporting adaptive strategies under futsal pressure. These findings confirm the need to integrate emotional intelligence training into futsal coaching programs to optimize performance, focus, and team dynamics in competitive settings.
Futsal Athletes; Emotional Intelligence; Emotional Regulation
Application of Interval Training Method to Improve Anaerobic Alactacid Capacity
This study aims to examine the effect of the application of the interval training method on increasing anaerobic alactitic capacity in female futsal athletes. Anaerobic alactitic capacity is one of the components of physical condition that is very important in supporting futsal performance, especially in short-duration explosive activities such as sprints, accelerations, and rapid changes of direction that occur repeatedly during the match. The research method used is an experimental method with a one-group pre-test post-test design. The research subjects were 21 female futsal athletes selected using a purposive sampling technique from a total population of 24 athletes, with the criteria of actively participating in training and being in healthy physical condition. The instrument used to measure anaerobic alactitic capacity was the Shuttle Run Test. The interval training program was implemented in a structured manner for 16 meetings with high intensity and controlled recovery time. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive tests to see the data overview, normality tests as a prerequisite for analysis, and paired sample t-tests to test differences in pre-test and post-test values. The results showed a significant improvement in anaerobic alactitic capacity, indicated by a decrease in the mean Shuttle Run Test time from 6.75 seconds in the pre-test to 6.46 seconds in the post-test. The paired sample t-test analysis revealed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores (p < 0.05), confirming that the application of the interval training method had a significant effect on increasing anaerobic alactacid capacity in female futsal athletes.
Training Interval; Anaerobic Capacity of Alactacid; Women's Futsal
Mental Readiness of Women's Volleyball Athletes in Banjarnegara Regency to Face The 2025 Pra-Porprov Event
The Banjarnegara Regency Women's Volleyball Team will face the Pre-Porprov Event, which is a reguler sporting event held only once every four years. Currently, the level of mental readiness of the athletes is unknown due to the long gap since the previous regular tournament. In fact, mental readiness is a very important factor in determining an athlete's performance in competition. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the mental readiness of athletes in the aspects of motivation, self-confidence, anxiety, and the importance of the team. This study is a quantitative study with a survey design. The analysis used statistical analysis and descriptive exploratory methods. The results of the analysis of the Mental Readiness of Women Volleyball Athletes in Facing the Pre-Porprov Event are included in the "sufficient" category. The research focused on factors of motivation, self-confidence, anxiety, and the importance of the team. It is hoped that further research can add other psychological aspects. The conclusion of the results of this study is that the supporting factors in the mental readiness of women volleyball athletes include the motivation factor in the "sufficient" category, the self-confidence factor in the "sufficient" category, the anxiety factor in the "sufficient" category, and the factor in the "sufficient" category of the importance of the team. In this study, coaches must continuously monitor athletes' mental readiness during each training session for a championship.
Mental Readiness; Women's Volleyball; Pre-Porprov; Anxiety; Motivation; Self-Confidence; Importance of The Team
Application of Long Interval Training Method Based on Low Maximum Aerobic Speed Capacity to Improve Anaerobic Capacity
This study aimed to analyze the effect of long interval training based on low maximum aerobic speed (MAS) on anaerobic capacity. The study employed an experimental method with a one group pretest–posttest design. The participants were 40 undergraduate students of Physical Conditioning Coaching at the Indonesian Education University, aged 18–21 years (mean age 19.33 years), selected using purposive sampling. Anaerobic capacity was measured as a single construct consisting of alactic and lactic anaerobic components, assessed using a 20 m sprint, 4 m × 5 shuttle run, 150 m sprint, and Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) through the fatigue index. The training intervention consists of long interval training conducted over 16 sessions, with one session per day. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 through descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed an increase in the mean anaerobic capacity score from pretest to posttest; however, the paired sample t-test revealed no statistically significant difference between measurements (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that long interval training based on low MAS tended to improve anaerobic capacity, although the effect was not statistically significant. Further studies with larger sample sizes, longer training duration, and controlled experimental designs are recommended to clarify the effectiveness of this training method.
Long Interval Training; Anaerobic Capacity; Maximum Aerobic Speed
Plyometric Training on Grass Surfaces on Women's Vertical Jump in Volleyball
This study aim for know impact exercise plyometric on the surface grass to volleyball vertical jump daughter. Research This use method quantitative with design One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sample consists of of 20 athletes Allexis club princess aged 14-16 years, with using total sampling. Subject done with One group experiment accept exercise plyometric on the surface grass. The instrument used For measure vertical jump is slapstick test/ Vertec . Data analysis in study This using SPSS 26 test. Hypothesis test results show that there is difference significant (p<0.05) between pre-test and post-test scores, which indicate that hypothesis study accepted. In descriptive, average score vertical jump increase from 32.15 cm in the pre-test to 35.35 cm in the post-test after undergo 12 sessions exercise plyometric during One month. This average increase show existence change positive that describes the influence of the training program provided. Therefore that, can concluded that there is significant impact exercise plyometric on the surface grass to volleyball vertical jump daughter.
Motivation of Gender-Based Volleyball Athletes During Competitions : A Coach Athlete Relationship Perspective
Motivation during competition is one of the important psychological factors that influence an athlete's performance in volleyball. This study aims to determine the relationship between motivation during competition and the coach-athlete relationship, as well as to analyze differences in motivation and the coach-athlete relationship based on gender among volleyball athletes. This study used a quantitative method with a correlational design and involved a sample of 40 volleyball athletes from the JVC Raya Club, consisting of 20 male athletes and 20 female athletes. The instruments used were the Sport Motivation Scale II (SMS-II) to measure motivation during competition and the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) to measure the coach-athlete relationship. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test and the independent sample t-test. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between coach-athlete relationships and competition motivation (r = 0.863; p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the results of the difference test showed that there was no significant difference between male and female athletes on both variables, although descriptively female athletes had slightly higher average scores. This study shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between coach-athlete relationships and motivation during competition in volleyball athletes.
Gender; Motivation; Coach Athlete Relationship; Volleyball Sport
Analysis of Pacing Strategy in the 400 m Freestyle Race
Pacing strategy refers to how a swimmer distributes speed and effort throughout a race and is widely recognized as a key factor influencing performance in middle-distance swimming events. A proper pacing strategy allows a swimmer to balance initial speed with fatigue management, especially in races like the 400m freestyle that demand both speed and endurance. The purpose of this study was to investigate how pacing strategies are used in the 400 m free style swimming race by analysis of 50 m split times for male and female swimmers. The data was taken cross sectionally from the swimmers during the West Java Series 3 (WJS-3) Championship at SOR R.A.A Adiwijaya. A descriptive: quantitative study was carried out with 16 swimmers (8 male and 8 female). Splits times were measured manually by the use of a stopwatch at every 50 m over the whole length of the race. Split times were averaged as a group median and pacing strategy was determined using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that female swimmers employed a positive pacing strategy, involving fast speeds in the initial segment and a progressive slowing across the laps. Male swimmers revealed a parabolic pacing pattern of fast start, controlled middle segment and acceleration in the final part of the race, indicating possibly an attempt to enhance finishing outcome. These results seem to indicate that pacing strategies at regional competition level are based on fast start approaches, and training programmes should be designed in function of speed distribution and maintenance during the race.
Pacing Strategies; Performance; Split Time; Swimming
The Effect of Depth Jump and Box Jump Training on Improving the Leg Muscle Power of Long Jump Athletes
This study aims to determine the effect of depth jump and box jump exercises on improving the leg muscle power of long jump athletes. The research method used is a true experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects consisted of ten athletes from the Indonesian University of Education Athletics Club, who were selected using purposive sampling. The instrument used was a Force Platform, which had a validity of 0.70773 and reliability of 0.9186. The training program was conducted over 12 sessions with a frequency of three times per week, covering the pretest, treatment, and posttest stages. Data analysis was performed using normality, homogeneity, and t-tests with a significance level of 0.05 to see the effect of each type of exercise and the differences between them. The results showed that both depth jump and box jump exercises had a significant effect on increasing the leg muscle power of long jump athletes. However, the increase produced by depth jump exercises tended to be greater than that produced by box jump exercises. In conclusion, depth jump training is more effective in increasing leg muscle power than box jump training, so it can be recommended as an optimal plyometric training method for long jump athletes to improve their jumping performance.
Depth Jump; Box Jump; Leg Muscle Power; Long Jump; Plyometric
The Relationship between Social Support and Optimism among Athletes from Bandung City in the Provincial Sports Week Qualification Round
Athletes in competitive sports face high psychological demands, so factors such as social support and optimism are important in maintaining mental function and performance. This study seeks to investigate the association between social support and optimism in athletes, both overall and by sport type, specifically team athletes and individual athletes. The study employs a correlational quantitative technique and includes 47 athletes from Bandung City who competed in the 2025 PORPROV Qualification Round. The Athletes' Received Support Questionnaire (ARSQ) was used to measure social support, while the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) was used to assess optimism. Data were gathered online and examined with descriptive statistics, reliability tests, normality tests, and Pearson's correlation. The findings revealed that social support was not significantly connected to optimism among athletes as a whole. Separate analyses revealed no significant association between social support and optimism in either team or individual athletes, however team athletes demonstrated a stronger relationship. These data suggest that athletes' optimism is affected by internal variables rather than social support from their training environment. This study underlines the need for more targeted psychological therapies, such as mental training and self-efficacy reinforcement, to boost athletes' optimism.
Analysis of Landing Characteristics in Jump Heading Techniques of Indonesian University of Education Soccer Club Players
Fatigue is a common component in soccer matches, and can lead to reduction of movement quality and enhanced injury risk, particularly in the jump heading technique that requires high levels of coordination and postural control. This study was conducted to examine the biomechanical parameters of landing in the jump heading techniques before and after fatigue on players of Indonesian Education University (UPI) Football Student Activity Unit. The design for the study was a non-experimental research design and quantitive in method. Ten male collegiate soccer players were the participants of this experiment who executed the jump heading right before, and immediately following, completion of a lower extremity fatigue protocol. The studied kinematic variables were jump height, knee flexion angle and trunk position at take-off, landing force (measured using high-speed video analysis [SkillSpector] and force plate). One Good: One Bad Approximately 1000-Fold Ahi Attenuation Deriving from Real Pauli Admixture Analysis was carried out using a paired statistical test (α = 0.05). Fatigue did not appear to influence jump height and landing force, with significant knee flexion angle in take-off and trunk postural control were increased and decreased respectively. These results suggest the presence of compensatory biomechanical mechanisms related to fatigue. It was determined that fatigue affected alterations of some kinematic variables associated with balance control and movement quality during the jump heading technique. As a result, conditioning should likewise focus on the control and endurance of posture, core stability and neuromuscular function to preserve movement quality but also limit injury under fatigue.
Jump Heading; Fatigue; Landing Biomechanics
The Effect of Small Side Games Training with Different Field Sizes on Improving Dribbling Skills in 15-Year-Old Football Players
This study aims to analyze the effect of small-sided games training with different field sizes on the dribbling skills of 15-year-old soccer athletes. The study used a quantitative approach with a pretest–posttest control group experimental design. The study subjects were 20 15-year-old soccer athletes who were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group with an equal number. The experimental group was given small-sided games training with varying field sizes, while the control group underwent small-sided games training without varying field sizes. Dribbling skills were measured using a zig-zag dribbling test at the pretest and posttest stages. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as prerequisite tests and independent t-tests. The results showed that small-sided games training with different field sizes provided more effective dribbling skill improvements than training without varying field sizes. Variations in field sizes created more diverse technical and situational demands, thus encouraging more optimal adaptation of ball control, agility, and player decision-making. These findings confirm that field size adjustment is an important factor in the application of small-sided games in the development of adolescent soccer athletes.
Small-Sided Games; Field Size; Dribbling
The Effect of the Pyramid Training Method System on Upper Body Climbing Endurance in Boulder Athletes
This study aims to determine the effect of the pyramid system training method on upper body climbing endurance in bouldering athletes. The need for upper body strength endurance is a crucial component of bouldering performance because climbing activities require intense and repeated isometric and dynamic contractions. This study used a one-group pretest–posttest experimental design involving ten members of the PAMOR FPOK UPI rock climbing division as research subjects. The instrument used to measure strength endurance was the bent arm hang test, which has high validity and reliability in measuring isometric abilities relevant to climbing performance. The treatment in the form of pyramid system training was given for sixteen sessions with progressive load variations focused on the upper body muscles. Data were analyzed using descriptive tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and paired sample t-tests. The results showed a significant increase between pretest and posttest scores, as evidenced by a mean improvement of 2.44 seconds in the bent arm hang test (pretest: 23.32 ± 14.00 s; posttest: 25.76 ± 13.45 s), with the paired sample t-test indicating a statistically significant difference (t = −10.584, p < 0.001), thus it can be concluded that the pyramid system training method is effective in improving upper body climbing endurance in bouldering athletes. These findings indicate that training with gradual loads can be used as an alternative training program relevant to the physiological demands of rock climbing, especially bouldering.
Pyramid System Training;Climbing Endurance; Bouldering
The Effect of Game-Based Learning in Physical Education to Improve Social Interaction and Physical Fitness of Students at State Junior High school 40 Bandung
This study aims to examine the effect of Game-Based Learning (GBL) in Physical Education (PE) learning on social interaction and physical fitness of junior high school students. The method used is a quasi-experimental design with a Non-randomized Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The research subjects consisted of 62 eighth-grade students of State Junior Higschool 40 Bandung who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Social interaction was measured using the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) questionnaire, while physical fitness was measured through the Nusantara Student Fitness Test (TKPN) which includes the Pacer Test, V-Sit and Reach, Sit Up, and Squat Thrust. The results of the analysis showed that social interaction data were normally distributed and were analyzed using a Paired Sample t-Test, while physical fitness data were not normally distributed and were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to compare improvements between groups. The results showed a significant increase in social interaction and physical fitness in the experimental group, while the control group showed no significant changes. Effect size analysis showed a large effect on social interaction (r=0.56) and a moderate effect on physical fitness (r=0.46). These findings indicate that Game-Based Learning is effective in improving the quality of physical education (PE) learning in junior high schools.
Game-Based Learning ; Social Interaction; Physical Fitness
The Effect of Weighted Ball Shooting Training on Shooting Improvement in Female Basketball Athletes
This study aimed to examine the effect of weighted ball shooting training on the improvement of shooting skills in female basketball athletes. An experimental approach employing a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design was applied. The research participants consisted of 12 female basketball athletes aged 18 years from the Favorita KU Club. Total sampling was used, meaning all members of the population were included as the research sample. Shooting performance was measured using the Shooting Point Test. Data were analyzed using a Paired Sample T-Test with SPSS version 26. The findings indicated that the weighted ball shooting training model significantly enhanced the shooting skills of the basketball athletes, with an improvement of 27.95%. The results of the study indicate that the weighted ball shooting training model had a significant effect on improving basketball athletes’ shooting performance. The conclusion is that weighted ball shooting training is effective in improving shooting performance in female basketball athletes. The implementation of a five-week training program with a repetition-based approach resulted in a statistically significant improvement in shooting ability.
A Comprehensive Strategy for Developing Tarung Derajat Towards A Globally Recognized Martial Art
Tarung Derajat is an original Indonesian martial arts sport that has developed nationally but has not yet received formal recognition at the international level. This research aims to formulate a comprehensive development strategy to make Tarung Derajat a globally recognised martial art. The research uses a quantitative approach, with a survey administered to Tarung Derajat athletes, coaches, and officials. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, covering internal coaching, digital promotion, sports diplomacy, and cultural values. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression. The research results indicate that internal coaching, digital promotion, sports diplomacy, and cultural values significantly influence the development of Tarung Derajat towards global recognition, both partially and simultaneously. Internal coaching is the most dominant factor. This finding confirms that developing Tarung Derajat to an international level requires an integrated strategy that combines organisational strengthening, the use of digital media, international cooperation, and the preservation of cultural values. This research is expected to serve as a reference for policymakers and sports organisations in promoting the internationalisation of Tarung Derajat.
Tarung Derajat; Sports Development; Sports Diplomacy; Digital Promotion
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Learning Outcomes in Physical Education for Eighth Grade Students at Junior High School 1 Japah
Physical exercise is a key in physical fitness and also helps the physical education learning to succeed. However, with the digitized era and adolescents’ lifestyle changes, there has been a decrease in physical activity among students that could likely have an impact on their learning outcome in physical education. The purpose of this study is to identify the physical activity status, describe the Character Physical Education learning achievement and investigate their relationship toward physical activity among 8th grade students at Junior High School 1 Japah. This research used the quantitative correlational design. The participants included 120 eighth-grade students. Physical activity data were collected from Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), and physical education learning outcome data included the administrative documentation of odd-semester report card scores. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (normality tests, linearity tests and correlation analysis). The findings indicated that the physical activity levels of students were mostly in the 41-80th percentiles, and their learning outcomes achieved for physical education fell within the fair level for low-income populations. There was a strong significant positive relationship by correlation (r =) (0.609, p <0.05). These results highlight the need to promote physical activity of students in order to contribute positively towards learning achievement in physical education.
The Relationship Between Diet, Physical Activity, Rest Patterns and Fitness
Healthy lifestyle habits during adolescence, especially among junior high school students, are an important stage in supporting long-term physical development and fitness. This study aims to determine the relationship between diet, physical activity, and rest patterns with fitness focused on the cardiorespiratory endurance of junior high school students. The study used a cross-sectional design and involved 60 eighth and ninth grade students at junior high school 1 Panggarangan, Lebak Regency, Banten. Data were collected using the AFHC questionnaire for dietary patterns, the IPAQ for physical activity, the PSQI for sleep patterns, and the Beep Test to measure fitness. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that diet is related to physical activity, where students with healthier eating habits tend to be more active. However, no relationship was found between diet, physical activity, and sleep patterns and fitness levels. Regression analysis also shows that these three variables do not contribute significantly to variations in student fitness. These findings indicate that cardiorespiratory fitness is influenced by factors other than the daily habits measured in this study. This study provides an initial overview of the lifestyle and fitness conditions of junior high school students, and can serve as a basis for schools and related parties to develop fitness improvement programs.
Diet; Physical Activity; Rest Patterns; Adolescent
Effectiveness of Women-Only Gyms in Increasing Women’s Exercise Participation A Systematic Review
Women’s participation in physical activities at the gym is still limited by gender inequality, body stereotypes, and social and psychological barriers, especially in mixed gym environments. This study aims to synthesize scientific evidence on the role of women-only gyms in increasing women’s participation in physical exercise through a Systematic Literature Review. Literature searches were conducted on Scopus with empirical studies selected following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A narrative synthesis was used due to the heterogeneity of research designs and participation indicators. The review results show that body image pressure, objectification, appearance anxiety, and issues of access and cost are major barriers to women’s participation, while women-only gyms have the potential to provide a safer, more supportive environment and increase motivation and social support. It was concluded that women-only gyms are a promising environmental strategy to increase women’s exercise participation, although their effectiveness depends on cultural context and program design and requires longitudinal evidence support.
Exercise Participation; Gender Inequality; Gym Environment; Social Support; Women-Only Gym
The Relationship of Physical Literacy and Physical Fitness in Physical Education Learning at State Junior High Schools in Bandung City
The writing of this article aims to analyze the relationship between physical literacy and physical fitness in physical education learning at state junior high school throughout the city of Bandung. The main problem in this study is the low motivation and participation of students in physical activities which has an impact on decreasing the level of physical fitness. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a correlational method. This study involved 281 grade VIII students in three state junior high schools in Bandung City, namely State Junior High Schools 9 Bandung, State Junior High Schools 40 Bandung and State Junior High Schools 50 Bandung with age group 13-14 years old who were selected through cluster random sampling technique. Physical literacy data was collected using a questionnaire instrument (PLAYself) and physical fitness data was measured through the V-Sit and Reach, 60-second Sit Up, 30-second Squat Thrust and PACER Test. Data analysis included the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, the Compare Means (Means) linearity test, and the Spearman’s rho Rank correlation test. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between physical literacy and physical fitness (rs = 0.176, p = 0.003). These results indicate a positive correlation between physical literacy and students physical fitness. Although this correlation is very weak, these findings demonstrate that physical literacy remains a crucial component in supporting physical fitness improvement through physical education provided in schools. Thus, it is nesessary to have physical education learning that is oriented towards the development of comprehensive physical literacy.
Physical Literacy; Physical Fitness; Physical Education
The Effect of the Service Challenge Drill Method on Improving Short Services in Badminton
The fundamentals of sport rudiment training involve short service in badminton which is the starting point in the service\control of the rally. However young shuttlers have short service which is the point of the rally control. The purpose of this study is to examine the service challenge drill methods in short service badminton training of young athletes in badminton. The research method used was an experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this study were athletes from PB Pemuda Demak which consisted of 30 athletes using total sampling technique. The treatment was the service challenge drill methods in training which was used in 16 training sessions emphasizing repetitive practice and positional targeting and accuracy with variation of footwork and position. The training short service ability test before and after treatment were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity test and the paired sample t test in SPSS 25. The outcome was indeed there was improvement in short service control rally with the mean score of short service ability test pretest 60.20, and posttest 72.50. The paired sample t test with 0.000 < 0.05 research, service challenge drill methods in training were positive impact in short service ability improvement. These findings suggest that the Service Challenge Drill method is an effective, structured, and practical training approach for improving short service skills in young badminton athletes. This method can be recommended as an alternative training model to enhance technical performance in badminton coaching programs.
Direct Instruction and Teaching Games for Understanding in Volleyball Learning
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the Direct Instruction (DI) and Teaching Games for Understanding (TGFU) learning models in improving volleyball game performance among beginner-level extracurricular participants at State Junior High School 12 Bandung. A quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design was used. The sample taken in this study consisted of 10 students, each divided into two groups: DI (n=5) and TGFU (n=5). In this study, the Game Performance Assessment Instrument was used as the research instrument. Statistical hypotheses were tested using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. The results showed that both models significantly improved volleyball game performance (p < 0.05). However, the improvement in the DI group (mean pretest 41.12 to posttest 85.80) was significantly higher than in the TGFU group (mean pretest 41.00 to posttest 63.40). the independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.000). It was concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, so the DI model is more effective in improving volleyball game performance among beginners with low basic technical skills, likely due to its structured, technique-focused approach. These findings provide practical implications for physical education teachers in selecting and sequencing learning models according to student foundational skill levels.
The Relationship Between Training Programs and The Achievement Level of Taekwondo Athletes at Dojang Sartika Pati
Various factors, including the components of the training program, influence Taekwondo athletes' performance. This study aims to analyze the relationships among training intensity, rest patterns, nutrition, and psychological factors, and the performance of taekwondo athletes at Dojang Sartika Pati. The study used a quantitative correlational design. The research subjects were 30 athletes selected using a total sampling technique. The research instrument was a Likert scale questionnaire developed based on training program indicators and athlete performance. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, normality and linearity tests, and Pearson correlation tests in SPSS version 25. The results showed that training intensity (r = 0.435; p < 0.05), rest patterns (r = 0.489; p < 0.05), nutrition (r = 0.566; p < 0.05), and factors (r = 0.487; p < 0.05) were significantly related to athlete performance. The nutrition variable showed the strongest relationship to athlete performance. These findings indicate that a comprehensively designed training program that addresses physical, recovery, nutritional, and psychological aspects plays a crucial role in improving taekwondo athletes' performance. Therefore, optimizing all components of the training program needs to be a primary focus in athlete training at the regional level.
Application of Scanning Towards Passing Accuracy in Football
This study investigated the effect of integrating scanning into a diamond passing training program on the passing accuracy of U13 football players at SSB Saswco FC Bandung. We used a quantitative quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest–posttest design. Total sampling was used to choose all 20 eligible 13-year-old players. Prior to and following a four-week intervention (three sessions per week for sixty minutes each), passing performance was evaluated using the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT). We used a paired-samples t-test, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and effect size computation to compare pretest and posttest results. The results showed that as LSPT scores decreased from the pretest (M = 64.10, SD = 5.04) to the posttest (M = 60.90, SD = 4.13), passing performance improved. The paired-samples t-test showed a significant improvement following the intervention (t(19) = 8.587, p < 0.001) with a very large effect (Cohen’s dz ≈ 1.92), and the normalcy assumptions were satisfied. The paired-samples t-test showed a significant improvement following the intervention, t(19) = 8.587, p < 0.001, with a very large effect (Cohen’s dz ≈ 1.92), and the normality assumptions were satisfied. These findings suggest that embedding scanning cues within diamond passing drills is an effective approach to enhance passing performance in youth players by combining technical execution with perceptual–cognitive decision-making demands.
Scanning; Diamond Passing; Passing Accuracy; Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT)
Mental Toughness Analysis in Handball Athletes Based on Gender and Length of Practice
This study aims to find out the difference in the mental toughness of handball athletes based on gender and length of practice, as well as to find out the interaction between the three variables. This research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The data in this study was obtained from 56 athletes, 28 handball athletes from Bogor Regency and 28 handball athletes from the city of Bandung, each contingent consisting of 14 male athletes and 14 female athletes. The data collection technique used the Sport Mental Toughness Quistionnaire (SMTQ) compiled by Sheard. Data analysis in this study used independent sample t-test and one way anova. The results showed that there was a significant difference by sex with (Sig. 2-tailed = 0.000; p<0.05) especially on the confidence subscale, and the length of practice had an effect (Sig. = 0.006; p<0.05) on mental toughness, athletes who trained >2 years showed a higher level of mental toughness than the <1 year group. In conclusion, while gender differences primarily affect confidence, a training duration of more than two years is the key factor in achieving stable mental toughness among PORPROV handball athletes.
Psychological Benefits of Recreational Sports for University Students
The current study assesses the psychological impact of university students’ participation in non-competitive physical activities of a recreational nature. One hundred twenty participants completed a six-week recreational sports program on campus consisting of roundnet, beginner level yoga, recreational badminton, music exercise, and cooperative game sets. A quantitative pretest–posttest evaluation was designed for this study using a Likert scale questionnaire (1–5), the Student Stress Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Survey to measure shifts in psychological state prior to the sports program, and following program completion. Test results suggest that participants experience significant, and positive, psychological movement on ten different scales after engaging in recreational sports. Of the study participants, 74% reported improvement in mental health, and 81% reported decreased levels of stress evidenced by a shift in average stress score levels of 32.4 to 21.1 (−34.8%). A positive psychological shift was reported by 69% of students evidenced by a shift in average Psychological Well-Being Survey scores of 3.1 to 4.0. Also, 83% of students viewed campus recreational sports participation to induce positive affect and 77% reported participation to be low in effort and high in enjoyment. According to the response data, 72% favored non-competitive activities while 80% felt the activities had stimulating and recreational benefits. Additionally, 67% of students said to have improved the balance of academics and physical activity, 71% reported higher social contact, and 64% showed less evidence of academic burnout. Based on the research results, it can be participation in recreational sports has been shown to provide multidimensional benefits, not only in improving mental health but also in reducing stress, improving psychological well-being, strengthening social interactions, and helping prevent academic burnout.
Anxiety Levels Analysis Based on Confidence and Emotion Regulation in Basketball Athletes
This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-confidence and emotion regulation and competitive anxiety among female basketball athletes. A quantitative correlation research design was used by involving 53 female athletes participating in the Bandung Student League, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires of confidence, emotion regulation, and competitive anxiety and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that confidence and emotion regulation were significantly and negatively associated with competitive anxiety (R² = 0.54 p < 0.05), suggesting that both variables contributed substantially to explaining the variation in athletes’ anxiety levels. The R2 value in this study was 0.540 or 54%, suggesting that anxiety variance can be explained by confidence and emotion regulation. This means that there are 46% of other factors that affect anxiety besides self-confidence and emotion regulation. Athletes with higher levels of confidence and better emotion regulation tend to experience lower levels of anxiety during competitive situations. These findings suggest that psychological factors, especially confidence and emotion regulation, play an important role in reducing competitive anxiety among female basketball athletes.
Video-Based Performance Analysis of West Java Artistic Swimming
The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of artistic swimmers from West Java using video as a more objective evaluation tool. Athlete performance has usually been assessed directly, which can lead to subjectivity. Kinematic analysis was used for data from three female athletes from qualifying round of the 2025 West Java Provincial Sports Week and the 2025 West Java Regional Sports Championship . Leg height index (LHI) and average leg angle deviation (LAD) in vertical and knight movements were calculated using Kinovea software for frame-by-frame data extraction. The LAD was calculated based on the angle deviation from the ideal position, and the LHI values were compared to the FINA standard height card. The analysis results show that there are quite noticeable technical differences between the subjects. SSK a showed the best and most consistent performance, with an average LHI of 9.5 (Vertical) and 9.6 (Knight) that was closer to the FINA standard, and her LAD was also relatively small on both elements. AEN demonstrated a stable LHI (9.1 Vertical; 9.2 Knight). Compared to other athletes, AEN LAD values tended to be higher, which may indicate that she reached sufficient height to make utilizing the angles around her peak more difficult. Meanwhile, LNL achieved a lower LHI (9.1 Vertical; 8.9 Knight) as well as the smallest LAD value in the Knight movement (1.3°). Although her vertical LAD (5.9°) was higher than AEN. The results indicate that video-based performance analysis can be successfully applied to the evaluation of artistic swimming performance.
Artistic Swimming; Leg Height Index; Leg Angle Deviation; Performance; Video Analysis