Rule Violations in Pencak Silat Competitions: A Systematic Review of Violation Types, Sanctions, Impact on Points, Athlete Safety, and Competition Strategy (2022-2026)

Abstract

This study aims to analyze violations of pencak silat competition rules through a systematic review of the types of violations, sanctions, impact on points earned, athlete safety, and competition strategies based on PERSILAT/IPSI regulations for the 2022-2026 period. Applying the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a literature search was conducted on Google Scholar using keywords related to regulations, violations, sanctions, and safety. Ten articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed.

The synthesis of results shows that minor violations still predominate, although their frequency decreased after the socialization of the new regulations. Graduated sanctions effectively influence points earned and encourage the dominance of takedown techniques. The new regulations successfully reduced the overall frequency of injuries, but the pattern of injuries shifted to the lower extremities, particularly during training. There is a gap in understanding among athletes, coaches, and referees regarding the prohibition on attacks.