Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jpii MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Nationally Accredited based on the Decree of the Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Number 30/E/KPT/2018 Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Science Education) [P-ISSN 2339-1286 | E-ISSN 2089-4392] publishes a scientific paper on the results of the study and review of the literature in the sphere of natural science education in primary education, secondary education and higher education. Additionally, this journal also covers the issues of environmental education & environmental science. This journal collaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia (PPII) / Indonesian Society for Science Educators Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia can only be accessed through our official webpage, other than this website, it is outside our responsibility.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Personalised Physics Education
This study aimed to establish conceptual mechanisms and patterns for applying artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to personalised physics education within the Kazakhstani educational system. Methods. A comprehensive methodology was employed, combining both theoretical and empirical approaches. The theoretical phase involved reviewing regulatory documents in Kazakhstan’s education system. The empirical phase consisted of a pedagogical experiment conducted between September and December 2024 across three educational institutions in Taldykorgan, Kazakhstan. The study involved 58 tenth-grade students, divided into experimental and control groups; the experimental group utilised an AI-driven personalised learning system designed to adapt content based on student performance. Data were collected on academic performance, theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and research competencies using pre-tests, interim assessments, and final evaluations. Results. The experimental groups demonstrated a significant improvement in academic performance, with the average score increasing from 4.2 to 4.6. 76% of students in experimental groups successfully solved advanced problems, compared to 52% in control groups. The system fostered improved critical thinking, research competencies, and self-assessment skills, while enhancing students’ ability to engage in scientific discourse and apply knowledge in interdisciplinary contexts. Conclusions. The AI-driven model proved highly effective at personalising learning and improving students' academic and cognitive outcomes. It offers a scalable framework for adapting content to individual learning styles, with positive impacts on motivation and problem-solving abilities. The findings contribute to a growing body of research on AI applications in education and provide a foundation for further advancements in personal learning systems.
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Education for Sustainable Development Based on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Biology Education: Assessing Teachers' Readiness
Teachers’ readiness to integrate Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) plays a pivotal role in preparing students to understand and practice sustainable living. This study examined the readiness of 232 in-service biology teachers in South Sumatra, comprising 142 novice teachers (with ≤10 years of experience) and 90 experienced teachers (with>10 years of experience). A descriptive-comparative quantitative design was employed, using two structured questionnaires to measure teachers’ perspectives on ESD and their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Findings revealed that teachers generally showed a strong commitment to ESD but only a moderate conceptual understanding. Within TPACK, attitudes were rated the highest, whereas technological and inquiry-based competencies were rated the lowest. Novice teachers scored higher than experienced teachers, while participation in environmental education training or prior teaching experience in related topics improved readiness. This study highlights the importance of continuous professional development in enhancing teachers’ technological and inquiry-oriented capacities. Strengthening these dimensions is crucial for effectively embedding ESD into biology teaching and science education more broadly. By addressing these gaps, the integration of ESD can move beyond awareness toward transformative learning that equips students with the skills and dispositions needed for sustainable futures.
DigitalWIV-S: Enhancing Students’ Inquiry Skills and Digital Literacy in PCR and Electrophoresis for Sustainable Education
Digital-based learning can mediate technical barriers and create a support system that enhances the effectiveness of education. This study aims to develop biology learning media, DigitalWIV-S, to enhance the inquiry skills and digital literacy of prospective science teachers. The development method follows Hannafin & Peck's model, which includes the phases of Needs Assessment, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research findings indicate that DigitalWIV-S, as a biology learning media, is deemed appropriate and received positive feedback from students. The evaluation of digital literacy is excellent across cognitive, affective, and conative aspects. Students' inquiry skills are very good in problem orientation and data collection; however, abilities in problem formulation, hypothesis structuring, data analysis, and summarizing are categorized as moderate among the students. The developed media for the PCR and Electrophoresis concepts help students understand these topics better, thereby enhancing their inquiry skills and digital literacy. Additionally, the media addresses the limitations of equipment and materials in modern biotechnology practicums.
Fostering Environmental Awareness Through Sustainable Development Goal-Oriented Ethno-STEM Approach in Elementary Education
This study examines the effectiveness of a Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-oriented Ethno-STEM approach in promoting environmental awareness among elementary school students through natural and social science learning. Utilizing a quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design, the research involved 60 students from an elementary school in Makassar, Indonesia. Environmental awareness was assessed before and after the implementation of Ethno-STEM-integrated lessons that incorporated culturally relevant and participatory activities such as eco-brick making, waste management simulations, and the "Zero Plastic Week" challenge. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test, which revealed a statistically significant improvement in students' environmental awareness scores (p = 0.001), with the mean increasing from M = 61.06 (SD = 7.10) to M = 68.61 (SD = 6.63). The findings demonstrate that integrating local cultural values and sustainability themes into science education fosters both cognitive understanding and behavioral engagement with environmental issues. This study contributes to the development of culturally contextualized and sustainability-focused pedagogy, reinforcing the relevance of SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 13 (climate action). This study is novel in its integration of SDGs-oriented Ethno-STEM with elementary science education, demonstrating not only cognitive improvement but also fostering affective and behavioral engagement. Its contribution lies in bridging cultural relevance with sustainability pedagogy, thereby informing both theoretical discourse and practical applications in early education.
SCT Tree Model to Integrate Spirituality and Computational Thinking in Science Learning
The integration of spiritual values and Computational Thinking (CT) in science learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah remains limited and has not been systematically addressed. This study aims to develop the SCT Tree Model, an innovative instructional model that integrates spirituality with CT in science learning, and to examine its effectiveness on students’ learning outcomes at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a sequential exploratory design, involving six experts, 241 teachers, and 188 students across Central Java, Indonesia. The model was validated by experts and practitioners, showing a valid category (Aiken’s V = 0.81–0.93). A pilot test indicated an increase in average scores from 79 to 94 (+15 points), while a large-scale trial demonstrated an increase from 72 to 90 (+18 points). Experimental testing across three regions confirmed that the SCT Tree Model contributed 84.5% to students’ science learning outcomes, with significant differences compared to conventional instruction. The novelty of this research lies in the systematic integration of spiritual values and CT through seven contextually based tree syntaxes. Practically, the model offers a concrete solution for Madrasah Ibtidaiyah teachers to implement holistic science learning that aligns with national curriculum policies and 21st-century educational demands.
Integration of Bentengan Traditional Games in Science Learning to Improve Preschool Children's Cognitive and Motor Development
This study confirms that the traditional game Bentengan can serve as a contextual model for early childhood science learning, effectively integrating cognitive, motor, and social-emotional development. Empirical evidence suggests that embodied interaction during play enhances preschoolers’ conceptual understanding of force, motion, balance, and environmental phenomena, while also strengthening their gross and fine motor coordination. Theoretically, these findings contribute to embodied cognition studies by demonstrating how sensorimotor engagement functions as a foundation for abstract scientific reasoning in STEM domains. Practically, the integration of culturally grounded games provides a locally relevant and engaging alternative to conventional instruction, positioning Bentengan as a sustainable approach for culture-based preschool education that aligns with current curriculum reforms and the broader agenda of inclusive, active, and meaningful early science education.
Technology-Enhanced Science Teaching for 21st-Century Learning: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Strategies and Their Alignment with SDG 4
The evolving demands of 21st-century education require science teaching strategies that promote student engagement, critical thinking, and real-world application. Although many studies examine individual approaches, consolidated evidence identifying which strategies best align with modern educational outcomes—and what large-scale evidence from the fully online COVID-19 period implies—remains limited. This study systematically reviews and synthesizes high-quality empirical evidence on technology-enhanced strategies for teaching science, with a focus on their use in teacher education programs. Guided by the PICO framework, a comprehensive search across seven major databases (2015–2025) yielded 133,414 records. After applying predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria and conducting critical appraisal using the JBI checklists and ROBVIS, 23 studies met eligibility for analysis. Thematic synthesis revealed three dominant categories of effective strategies: (1) immersive technologies (e.g., augmented reality, virtual reality, interactive simulations); (2) collaborative digital platforms (e.g., Google Classroom, Edmodo, Internet Reciprocal Teaching); and (3) interactive learning tools (e.g., virtual laboratories, gamified slide presentations, digital flipbooks). Across diverse disciplines and grade levels, these strategies generally improved engagement, conceptual understanding, and scientific literacy under controlled or well-supported conditions. Triangulation with evidence from fully online learning during COVID-19, however, indicates heterogeneous—and at scale, often negative—system-level outcomes when enabling conditions are weak, as reflected in international assessments (e.g., PISA 2022). Distinct from prior reviews, this study integrates technology-enhanced pedagogy with SDG 4 goals, providing a global synthesis that bridges instructional innovation and sustainable education frameworks. The findings underscore the importance of professional development, curriculum alignment, and equitable technology access as enabling conditions for successful implementation. We conclude that student-centered, technology-enhanced approaches embedded within inquiry- or project-based frameworks can advance learning outcomes while supporting quality, inclusive, and future-ready science education.
The Effectiveness of the Algodoo-Assisted IBMRO Model in Improving Physics Problem-Solving Skills
The IBMRO (Investigation-Based Multiple Representation Online) learning model is designed to improve physics problem-solving skills. However, its implementation requires the right tools so that the objectives can be achieved even though the learning process is carried out online. This study used Algodoo as a learning tool in the IBMRO model on parabolic motion. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Algodoo-assisted IBMRO model in improving students' physics problem-solving skills. This research employed a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design, with 96 students divided into three classes. Before and after the learning process, students were given tests (pre-test and post-test). During the learning process, observations were made of student activities. After the learning was completed, students were given a questionnaire to assess their understanding of the learning. The pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed using paired t-test, Wilcoxon test, and n-gain. The percentage of observation and questionnaire data was calculated. The results showed that the average score of students' physics problem-solving skills increased significantly a = 5%, The average n-gain of physics problem-solving skills was in the medium category, the average n-gain of each indicator of physics problem-solving skills was in the medium to high category, student activities were relevant to learning, and students had a good response to learning. This study concludes that the Algodoo-assisted IBMRO model is effective in improving students' physics problem-solving skills.
Problem-Based Learning Assisted By Cre-ASI (Creative Assessment With Solving Instrument) to Improve Students' Creativity Thinking Skills
This study aims to analyze the validity of the Cre-ASI instrument and its practicality and effectiveness when applied to PBL in improving creative thinking skills. The research design used the ADDIE model. The Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages were used. The results of the Cre-ASI (Creative Assessment with Solving Instrument) instrument, which aims to improve creative thinking skills, have met the validity criteria and, when applied in PBL, meet the practical and effective criteria. The results of the Cre-ASI instrument development obtained a validity percentage value of 96.1%, which is a very valid category. When applying the instrument in PBL, a N-Gain score of 0.68 was obtained, and an increase in student answers was observed between the pre-test and post-test. The findings from the development of Cre-ASI in the PBL model revealed a positive correlation between indicators of problem-solving skills and creative thinking skills; students with low problem-solving skills tend to have low creativity. The integration of PBL and Cre-ASI has been shown to encourage knowledge construction, thinking strategies, learning motivation, and the development of students' cognitive abilities. This confirms that physics learning is not only focused on mastering concepts, but also on developing creativity and problem-solving skills. In the future, utilizing sophisticated technology to produce more efficient products with alternative costs and improved time and material efficiency is crucial, as this will enable the results of this study to serve as both an innovation and a benchmark in the selection and development of innovative assessment instruments in physics learning.
Collaborative Ethno-STEAM Enriched Project-Based Learning (CoE-STEAM-PjBL): Its Impact On Prospective Science Teachers’ Collaboration And Creative Thinking Skills
Students’ 21st-century skills, particularly collaboration and creative thinking, remain underdeveloped. Previous studies have introduced the Collaborative Ethno-STEAM Enriched Project-Based Learning (CoE-STEAM-PjBL) model, but its implementation and effects in teacher education settings have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to analyze the impact of CoE-STEAM-PjBL on prospective science teachers’ collaboration and creative thinking skills. Using a pre-experimental One-Shot Case Study design, the research was conducted at a teacher education institution. Data were collected through creative thinking tests and collaboration observation sheets. Learning was conducted using the CoE-STEAM-PjBL syntax with product-based projects rooted in local wisdom. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results showed that 29% of participants are highly creative, 48% are creative, and 23% are fairly creative. For collaboration, 17% were in the very good category, 58% good, and 25% moderate. The most prominent indicator of creative thinking was fluency, while social interdependence was dominant in collaboration. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of CoE-STEAM-PjBL has an impact on increasing collaboration and creative thinking of prospective teachers. This study contributes to the development of science education by providing empirical evidence on the integration of local wisdom and ethnoscience in STEAM-based project learning to enhance essential 21st-century skills among prospective teachers.
collaboration; creative thinking; ethno-STEAM; project-based learning
The Impact of Problem-Based Learning on Reducing Science Misconceptions and Enhancing Scientific Literacy: Integrating Balinese Local Wisdom and Cognitive Style
This study examined the effects of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model oriented to Balinese local wisdom and students’ cognitive styles on misconceptions and scientific literacy. A quasi-experimental design with a 3×2 factorial arrangement was employed, involving three learning models (PBL with local wisdom, standard PBL, and conventional learning) and two cognitive styles (reflective vs. impulsive). The sample consisted of 178 fifth-grade students from 12 schools, selected through a multi-stage random sampling process. Data were collected using a misconception test (α = 0.92), a scientific literacy test (α = 0.79), and the Matching Familiar Figures Test (α = 0.72). Results of two-way MANOVA showed significant main effects of learning model (Wilks’ Λ = 0.697, F (4,342) = 16.93, p < 0.001, η² = 0.16) and cognitive style (Wilks’ Λ = 0.407, F (2,171) = 124.7, p < 0.001, η² = 0.59). A significant interaction was also observed between learning model and cognitive style (Wilks’ Λ = 0.859, F (4,342) = 6.73, p < 0.001, η² = 0.07). Reflective students benefited most from PBL with Balinese local wisdom, showing the lowest misconceptions and highest scientific literacy, while impulsive students performed relatively better under conventional learning. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating cultural context and cognitive diversity into science education.
The Effectiveness of Dynamic Problem-Solving Strategy and Innovative Assessment Tools to Improve Students’ Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Education in Indonesia continues to face challenges in developing students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 on quality education, which requires new strategies such as Dynamic Problem Solving (DPS) and innovative assessment tools to improve critical and analytical reasoning. This study aims to measure the DPS strategy and innovative assessment tools in improving students' HOTS in physics learning. This research method uses a quasi-experiment with a posttest-only control group design. This study involved 120 high school students from four regencies/cities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Data on the effectiveness of the DPS strategy were collected and analyzed using an independent t-test, and data on innovative assessment tools were collected and analyzed through validity and reliability tests. The results of the HOTS test of students after participating in physics learning using the DPS strategy and innovative assessment tools showed that the experimental group was better than the control group. This study concludes that implementing the DPS strategy and innovative assessment tools effectively improves high school students' HOTS through physics learning. This research has an impact in encouraging critical and analytical thinking in students to solve real problems. In addition, this research also contributes to being a reliable and robust new pedagogical approach in physics learning under the demands of 21st century education.
Exploring the Representational Competence of Eleventh-Grade Students on the Rates of Chemical Reactions
Representational competence is a key component in learning chemistry, allowing students to interpret and apply multiple forms of representations to explain scientific phenomena. This competence supports deeper understanding, improved communication, and enhanced problem-solving. This study aimed to examine eleventh-grade students’ representational competence on the topic of chemical reaction rates. Data were collected using a short answer question with five scenarios, assessing five: 1) interpreting the meanings of chemical representations; 2) translating between different representations at the same level; 3) translating between different representations across levels; 4) using representations to generate explanations; and 5) connecting between representations and concepts. Descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and standard deviation) were used for analysis. The results revealed an overall average score of 11.97 out of 30 (39.91%), indicating a moderate level of competence. While 78.95% of students performed at a moderate level and 21.05% at a low level, none reached a high level. Average scores by component showed moderate levels for interpreting representations (60.96%), generating explanations (51.75%), translating across levels (41.23%), and within levels (33.33%). The lowest performance was in connecting representations with concepts (12.28%), categorized as low. The findings suggest that students struggle particularly with integrating representations and concepts. Therefore, educators should design learning activities that explicitly connect multiple representations to conceptual understanding. This study provides insight into specific areas of difficulty and highlights the need for instructional strategies that target representational competence in abstract chemical topics, offering a practical contribution to chemistry education.
representative competency, scientific conception, scientific understanding, alternative conceptions
Climate Change Perception, Action, and Hope among High School Students: Insights for Science Education
Current climate data shows that human-driven climate change is now affecting both nature and people irreversibly. Several studies have explored the perception, actions, and hopes of individuals regarding climate change, but few have analyzed their relationship. This study aimed to analyze students’ perceptions, actions, and hopes, examine the structural relationships among these variables, and determine the mediating role of hope. A quantitative survey was conducted to statistically analyze students’ perceptions, actions, and hopes. Results reveal strong agreement among students about the reality and anthropogenic causes of climate change. In terms of actions, students have relatively more participatory actions than leadership actions towards the environment. When it comes to hope, students generally believe in their own ability to act, but there are a few who exhibit hopelessness due to the complexity of climate change. Structural equation modeling reveals a positive relationship between perception and hope (r = 0.62), indicating that awareness promotes optimism about solutions. Moreover, mediation and path estimates revealed the mediating role of hope, suggesting that perception influences action through hope. These findings emphasize the need for climate change education to bridge the attitude-behavior gap by fostering a sense of hope and positive instruction to increase students’ mitigative actions.
Unplugged Coding and Tri Hita Karana in Fostering Thinking and Environmental Awareness
The increasing demand for Computational Thinking (CT) and Environmental Awareness (EA) in elementary science education highlights the need for innovative and culturally relevant learning approaches. However, traditional science teaching methods often emphasize rote memorization rather than problem-solving and ecological responsibility, leading to a lack of deeper conceptual understanding among students. This study investigates the influence of Unplugged Coding Learning integrated with Tri Hita Karana (THK) spiritual values on the development of CT and EA in elementary school students. This research employs a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. Data were collected using multiple-choice assessments for CT and EA and were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. The results indicate that students who participated in Unplugged Coding Learning with THK values demonstrated significantly higher gains in CT skills (logical reasoning, problem-solving, and pattern recognition) and EA (understanding sustainability and conservation principles) compared to the control group. The Palemahan aspect of THK, which emphasizes harmony with nature, contributed to students’ increased awareness of environmental issues. These findings suggest that integrating local wisdom into STEM education enhances both cognitive and ethical development. The study implies that culturally embedded educational approaches can bridge computational problem-solving skills with environmental consciousness, fostering a more holistic learning experience. Future research should explore long-term impacts and adaptability of this model across different educational settings.
The Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning Integrated with Huyula Values and Variety of Media to Improve Science Mastery in Inclusive Environments
Science learning in public schools should be designed to accommodate both regular students and students with special education needs. This is also one of the implementations of SDG 4, Sustainable Development, specifically related to quality education and inclusive education. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of cooperative learning integrated with local wisdom values of Huyula in improving science concept mastery among regular students and students with special education needs in public schools. The study employs a pre-experimental design with a one-group, pretest-posttest approach. The study was conducted in five schools involving 323 regular students and 12 students with special education needs. The research results on the effectiveness of cooperative learning integrated with the local wisdom values of Huyula showed a significant increase in science concept mastery. This is indicated by the hypothesis test through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with a value of z = -15.84, through the N-Gain test (high category, average 0.74), and a strong effect size through the rank-biserial correlation value (-1.00). This study concludes that the implementation of science learning integrated with Huyula values and media variety has an influence and is effective in improving the science concept mastery of regular students in the high category and students with special education needs in the medium category. This finding highlights the importance of integrating local wisdom values and media variety in supporting the improvement of science concept mastery through meaningful and inclusive teaching for all students.
STEM-Based Guided Inquiry in Colloid Practicums and Its Influence on Students' Concept Mastery
The rapid development of science and technology in the 21st century necessitates an educational approach that fosters students' critical thinking, problem-solving, and conceptual mastery skills, particularly in complex topics such as colloids. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of applying a STEM-based guided inquiry approach in colloid practicums on improving students' conceptual mastery. The research design used was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group study involving 34 second-semester students in the Chemistry Education Program at UIN Ar-Raniry. The research instruments consisted of a two-level multiple-choice concept mastery test and a STEM learning effectiveness questionnaire. The study was conducted over six weeks through several colloid laboratory sessions. Statistical analysis using ANCOVA (p < 0.005) showed a significant difference in posttest scores between the experimental and control groups. The high effect size (Cohen's d = 0.8) indicates that this approach has a significant impact on student learning outcomes, particularly in developing higher-order thinking skills at levels C4 to C6. This study indicates that integrating a contextual, student-centered STEM-based learning model into chemistry laboratory sessions can enhance conceptual understanding and 21st-century skills. However, limitations such as a small sample size, research location restricted to a single institution, and relatively short treatment duration should be considered when generalizing the study's findings. Further research with a longitudinal design and a broader sample scope is highly recommended.
STEM, Guided Inquiry, Colloid, Chemistry Education
Innovative Integrated Disaster Education in Physics Learning: An Effort to Enhance Students’ Disaster Literacy Skills
Disaster-prone regions require an education system that equips students with both scientific understanding and disaster preparedness. However, integration of disaster mitigation content into subject-specific learning, particularly physics, remains limited. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of physics teaching materials integrated with disaster mitigation education to enhance students’ disaster literacy skills. A mixed-method approach with an exploratory sequential design was employed. The development process followed the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) to systematically design and implement teaching materials. The study was conducted in two high schools in South Lampung Regency, Lampung, Indonesia involving four classes (two experimental and two control groups) with a total of 128 students, consisting of 63 students in the experimental groups and 65 in the control groups. The T-test results show that the use of disaster mitigation-based teaching materials had a statistically significant effect on students' disaster literacy abilities, with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of the effect size analysis (Cohen’s d = 0.62 and 0.66) fall within the moderate category, confirming that this intervention had a significant impact on enhancing students’ disaster literacy skills related to disaster mitigation. The implementation of this teaching material not only enhances students’ understanding of physics concepts but also increases their awareness and preparedness for disasters, particularly around disaster literacy, making it a strategic innovation in disaster education. This research contributes significantly to the development of disaster education curricula in Indonesia, particularly within the context of physics education.
Integration of Permaculture to Reinvent Students' Interest in Nature and Environmental Awareness for Quality Education under SDG-4
Indonesia faces major environmental degradation challenges, so students’ interest in nature and environmental awareness are needed. Permaculture is an artificial ecosystem that promotes sustainable agricultural practice. Integrating permaculture into education can enhance students’ interest in nature and environmental awareness. However, a limited study has explored its practical application in educational settings. This study aims to examine the effect of permaculture integration in education on students’ interest in nature and environmental awareness, which can support the achievement of quality education according to SDG-4. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The instruments used were a scale to measure students’ interest in nature and essay tests to measure students’ environmental awareness. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (U = 0.28) and independent sample t-test (p = 0.40). The results showed that although there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding interest in nature and environmental awareness, this study is still important. Based on the scale of interest in nature, most students showed high emotional, cognitive, and value aspects. However, significant increases in environmental interest and awareness have not yet been achieved, indicating that permaculture-based learning requires a long-term period to provide a more tangible impact. It can be concluded that integrating permaculture into education can reinvent students’ interest and environmental awareness.
Analysis of Project-Based Problem-Solving Skills of Optical Equipment Materials with Heller and Heller Steps
Problem-solving skills are a crucial competency in physics learning, but assessments of optical instrument materials often focus solely on routine tasks and final project results, without incorporating integrated project-based assessment tools. This study aims to analyze students' problem-solving skills using a project-based assessment on optical instrument materials, following the steps outlined by Heller and Heller. This study employed descriptive research with 64 eleventh-grade students as subjects. The assessment instruments were developed based on problem-solving indicators, as outlined by Heller and Heller, including problem focus, problem description, solution planning, plan implementation, and solution evaluation. Data were collected through observation of students' learning activities and analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of achievement percentages. The study's results demonstrated a high level of validity, as verified by experts, and a high level of practicality, supported by positive responses from students. Problem-solving indicators, including focus on the problem, solution planning, plan implementation, and solution evaluation, achieved an average of 82% (very good category), while the problem description indicator achieved 77% (good category). These findings suggest that project-based assessment tools have potential in supporting the development of students' problem-solving skills, although they need to be strengthened in terms of physically describing problems. This study contributes to the alignment of project-based problem-solving indicators, offering a process-oriented and contextual approach to assessing cognitive skills. Further research is recommended to test the effectiveness of PjBL directly on improving students' problem-solving skills through experimental designs with control groups, as well as the development of more adaptive digital instruments for application in 21st-century physics education.
Research Trends Of Computational Thinking For Advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) In Science Learning: Bibliometric Analysis
Computational Thinking (CT) emerged as a crucial competency that bridges digital literacy and scientific problem solving in the context of achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 on quality education. However, the model of integrating CT in science learning is still poorly explored, hindering progress towards SDG Targets 4.4 (technical skills) and 4.7 (scientific literacy). This study is the first bibliometric analysis to map the trends of CT research in science learning (2021–2023) through Scopus. The novelty lies in the identification of global collaboration patterns, knowledge gaps, and research priorities that are aligned with the 2030 Agenda. Three research questions were guided: (1) Publication distribution, (2) Dominant journals and subject areas, (3) Keyword dynamics/co-occurrence networks. Data retrieved from Scopus using the strings TITLE-ABS-KEY("Computational Thinking" AND "Science Education/Learning") (47 articles, open access, 2021–2023). Analysis techniques include: Performance analysis (publication/citation metrics), Science mapping (author affiliation), Network analysis (keyword grouping via VOSviewer). Key findings show: (1) Peak publication in 2022 (19 articles), (2) Education Sciences (Q1) as the top journal (7 articles), (3) Dominance of Social Sciences (43 articles) and Computer Science (21), (4) Most cited articles: Lodi & Martini (2021; 43 citations), (5) Main keywords: Computational Thinking (27 appearances), Computer Science Education (15), (6) US-led geographic contributions (>20 publications), (7) Co-occurrence analysis reveals that Scratch (a block-based application) is a less researched CT tool (3 occurrences) than technical languages such as Python. CT integration improves science literacy but is constrained by teacher training gaps (SDG 4.c) and access to resources. The scarcity of research on gamified tools like Scratch signals a critical innovation gap. This study provides an evidence-based roadmap to prioritize teacher professional development, scale accessible CT tools (e.g., Scratch) for science education, and direct future research toward SDG-aligned classroom-based practices.
Bridging STEM and Culture: The Role of Ethnoscience in Developing Critical Thinking and Cultural Literacy
The lack of integration between science and local wisdom in science education remains a challenge in developing students' critical thinking skills and cultural literacy. This study aims to analyze the effect of STEM-based science learning integrated with ethnoscience on critical thinking skills and cultural literacy of elementary school students. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental method using a nonequivalent control group design. Samples were selected purposively and consisted of experimental and control groups. The instruments used include a critical thinking skills test and a cultural literacy questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant difference in posttest scores between the experimental and control groups, with a significance value of 0.000 <0.005. The average difference was 19.78 points for critical thinking skills (81.14 - 61.36) and 16.86 points for cultural literacy (82.50 - 65.64). This finding suggests that integrating STEM-based science learning with ethnoscience can significantly enhance students' critical thinking skills and cultural literacy. The novelty of this study lies in the learning approach that combines the STEM framework with local ethnoscience values, providing an innovative alternative for shaping students who think reflectively while developing cultural awareness from an early age.
Factors Affecting the Implementation of STEM Education: Case Study in Vietnam
In recent years, STEM education has gained significant attention globally and, in particular, in Vietnam. This research aims to investigate the factors influencing the implementation of STEM education in Vietnam. This study had the objective of identifying key factors affecting the adoption of STEM education in Vietnamese schools. A survey was conducted with 865 teachers from 120 schools across Vietnam to examine these influencing factors. The methodology employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches, including surveys and data analysis to determine the impact of various factors on the successful implementation of STEM education. The results revealed that the national general education program is the most significant factor influencing STEM implementation in schools. Other contributing factors include the qualifications and awareness of teachers regarding STEM education, limited school facilities, and the content of assessment tests in teaching, all of which play important roles in the implementation process. In conclusion, this study presents recommendations and policy suggestions aimed at improving the implementation of STEM education in schools in Vietnam. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive examination of multiple factors influencing STEM education at the school level in Vietnam, offering new insights for educators and policymakers.
Students’ Collaborative Performance through STEM Topic “Led Card – Light It Up” For 8th Grade
STEM education has become a crucial strategy for improving students’ collaborative competence by engaging them in hands-on, problem-based learning. Integrating STEM topics into natural science curricula remains limited in many countries, including Vietnam. To address this gap, this study aimed to design and implement a STEM lesson titled “LED Card – LIGHT IT UP” for 8th-grade students to develop collaborative competence and deepen their understanding of power sources and simple circuits. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with 21 students participating in three sessions, each lasting 45 minutes. Students worked in small groups and engaged in collaborative activities using techniques such as Numbered Heads Together, Brainstorming, Placemat, Gallery Walk, and XYZ. All group interactions during these activities were observed and video-recorded. The collected data were then qualitatively analyzed based on predefined collaboration criteria, including role assignment, idea exchange, feedback provision, and joint problem-solving, to assess each group’s level of collaboration. The results revealed that four out of five groups consistently demonstrated effective collaboration, particularly during reporting and design review sessions, despite facing challenges in online coordination. In conclusion, the integrated STEM lesson effectively enhanced students’ collaborative competence while deepening their understanding of fundamental electrical concepts. The results also highlighted some limitations, such as student distractions and unequal contributions among members, indicating the need for improvements in techniques and teacher guidance methods to enhance the effectiveness of group activities in STEM topics. The novelty of this study lies in its innovative synthesis of established collaborative teaching techniques within a STEM framework, providing a promising approach for enhancing secondary education.
Integration of Analytical Chemistry Flipbooks Based on Project-Based Learning in Improving Critical Thinking Skills and Scientific Literacy to Support SDG-4
This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PjBL)-based analytical chemistry flipbooks in improving students’ critical thinking skills and scientific literacy, and linking the results to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-4), namely quality education. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving two groups: an experimental group (n = 250) using PjBL-based flipbooks, and a control group (n = 250) using conventional textbooks. The projects in PjBL were designed to challenge students to apply critical thinking skills in solving real problems in analytical chemistry. Scientific literacy was measured based on students’ ability to understand, evaluate, and apply chemical concepts in the context of the project. Critical thinking skills and scientific literacy tests were used to measure learning outcomes before and after the intervention. The instrument in this study was a test of critical thinking skills and scientific literacy. Statistical tests showed that the data were normally distributed (significance value 0.216), homogeneous variance (0.074), and significant differences between the experimental and control groups (t = 0.038, p < 0.05). The increase in n-gain in the experimental group reached 0.9 (high category), compared to 0.63 (moderate category) in the control group. This study concluded that Project-Based Learning-based flipbooks were significantly more effective than conventional textbooks in improving students’ critical thinking skills and scientific literacy. The results of this study confirmed the superiority of PjBL-based flipbooks in significantly improving students’ critical thinking skills and scientific literacy compared to conventional textbooks. Statistical data support (normal distribution, homogeneous variance, significant differences between groups, and high n-gain in the experimental group) encourages the adoption of PjBL-based flipbooks as an effective learning strategy to achieve quality education according to SDG-4.
critical thinking; scientific literacy; flipbook; project-based learning; analytical chemistry
Impact of Brain-Based Teaching on the Conceptual Understanding of Newton's Laws of Motion
Grounded in cognitive neuroscience, Brain-Based Teaching (BBT) enhances science instruction by aligning classroom practices with how the brain optimally learns and processes information. This mixed-methods study investigated the effectiveness of BBT in improving Grade 8 students' conceptual understanding of Newton's Laws of Motion. Conducted in a public school in Manila, Philippines, the study involved 51 students who participated in an intervention utilizing BBT strategies, including relaxed alertness, orchestrated immersion, and active processing. Quantitative data were collected through a validated 25-item concept test, daily performance worksheets, and a Student Perception of Instruction Questionnaire (SPIQ). Qualitative data came from student journals and semi-structured interviews. Findings showed a significant improvement in post-test scores (M = 9.35), as confirmed by a paired-sample t-test (t(50) = 3.80, p < .001) and a moderate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.67). Daily worksheets consistently received "Very Good" to "Excellent" ratings. One-way ANOVA results revealed significant differences in post-test scores across prior ability levels (F(2, 48) = 10.07, p < .001, η² = .30), suggesting that BBT's effectiveness varied depending on students' initial competence. The SPIQ survey revealed positive perceptions, with the highest mean score (3.6) indicating student satisfaction with the classroom environment and instructional support. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: enhanced instruction through various classroom activities, insightful learning, and retention of learning. Overall, BBT was found to be effective in fostering conceptual understanding and promoting a positive learning environment. Its novelty lies in highlighting the differentiated impact of BBT based on prior achievement in a resource-constrained public school context.
Identifying Trends in the Study of Gender in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Programs
In recent years, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has gained increasing importance in response to changes driven by evolving social dynamics, emphasizing the need for professionals equipped with skills and knowledge to navigate the demands of modern society. However, the gender gap in STEM fields remains a widespread concern, primarily due to the underrepresentation of women. To address this, different strategies have been developed to encourage greater female participation in these areas. These strategies include promoting a greater representation of female mentors, implementing measures to eliminate discrimination, fostering a balance between personal life and work, and ensuring equitable conditions in promotions and salary allocation. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to identify research trends in STEM from a gender perspective by conducting a bibliometric analysis using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The results reveal an exponential increase in scientific output on this topic, with a peak in publications occurring in 2022. Among the key themes emerging from the literature are persistent gender disparities, the relevance of self-efficacy, and the role of intersectionality in shaping women’s participation in STEM. Understanding why more women—and especially women of color—do not pursue or work in STEM disciplines is a concern from the standpoint of global diversity, particularly in the United States, where significant inclusion gaps remain. Furthermore, despite improvements in female representation, barriers related to retention and professional advancement persist. Overall, this analysis provides new insights into the thematic evolution and emerging directions of research at the intersection of gender and STEM.
Case-Based Learning for Creative Thinking Skills on the Ideal Gas Law: Application of the Understanding by Design Framework
The development of the 21st century and education are closely related in equipping students with relevant skills to adapt and succeed in an ever-changing environment. This development demands a more interactive, collaborative, and student-centered learning method. Case-based learning (CBL) is designed to facilitate students’ thinking critically and creatively in solving problems and working in teams so that they can face real-world problems that are integrated into learning. The Understanding by Design (UbD) framework facilitates cases in learning designed to suit students’ interests and needs, enhancing creative thinking skills when integrated with CBL. This study uses a mixed or explanatory method and involves 115 students. Quantitative data was obtained from creative thinking skills tests using pre-test and post-test, which showed differences between the pre-test and post-test and a correlation between creative thinking skills indicators (fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration). Qualitative data from classroom observations showed that students performed the activities well and were supported by interview data, which revealed that students were actively involved in learning, although some students could not relate concepts to problems. These findings support the idea that CBL with the UBD framework helps students understand the ideal gas law and improves creative thinking skills. This study suggests that students can develop better problem-solving skills because the UbD framework facilitates a structured and meaningful learning experience for students.
creative thinking skills, understanding by design, ideal gas law, case-based learning
Spatial Impact of Nitrogen Fertilizer Residue on the Biotic Environment of Rice Field Irrigation Channels
This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of the impact of nitrogen residue/diversification on the diversity of aquatic biota and contribute to the management of aquatic ecosystems as a source of life. Water quality sampling was carried out by grab sampling with water quality parameters measured including total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH₃), nitrate (NO₃⁻), and nitrite (NO₂⁻). TN analysis was carried out using the Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), nitrate, and nitrite calculation methods. NH₃ was measured using the Flow Injection Analysis method, while NO₃⁻ was analyzed using the Cadmium Reduction Method and NO₂⁻ with the colorimetric method.Plankton sampling was done by filtering 20 liters of water from the surface layer using a 2-liter bucket. The plankton species diversity index was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener Index method. The effect of environmental factors on nitrogen chemical fertilizer residues in each research location was analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed an increase in ammonia and nitrite residues followed by a decrease in total nitrogen and nitrate concentrations. Seven classes and 22 plankton species were identified, consisting of 18 phytoplankton species and four zooplankton species. The dominant plankton came from Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Chlorophyceae. The highest plankton species diversity index was recorded in Irrigation IX and VII. Based on the study results, plankton diversity at the research location is included in the moderate category. The main environmental factors that influence the presence of plankton in irrigation channels are the concentration of nitrate and nitrogen in the water.
The Impact of Physics Co-curricular Activities Based on Makassar Local Wisdom on Improving the Pancasila Student Profile and Learning Satisfaction
Pancasila education shapes students’ character and national identity. Integrating local wisdom in co-curricular activities strengthens Pancasila values in modern learning. Despite the flexibility of co-curricular activities in reinforcing physics concepts and the Pancasila Student Profile (P3), educators rarely utilize or neglect them entirely. This study aims to improve P3 and learning satisfaction through physics co-curricular activities based on Makassarese local wisdom. This study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. The quantitative method used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest type to measure changes in P3, and the qualitative method used an open questionnaire to measure students’ learning satisfaction. This activity integrates the 21st-century learning approach with the practice of a’bulo sibatang through physics measurements by 31 high school students. The study showed a significant improvement in students’ P3 (p < 0.05), with an N-Gain of 48.39% in the low category and 51.61% in the medium category. All students expressed positive learning satisfaction towards the Makassarese local wisdom-based physics co-curricular activities, although some experienced difficulties in certain aspects. This study concludes that co-curricular physics activities based on Makassarese local wisdom effectively improve students’ P3 and positive learning satisfaction. In addition, this study also has an impact on preventing the erosion of Makassarese cultural identity and improving students’ academic understanding.