Penguatan Kompetensi Guru dan Pelatih Melalui Para Throwball Adaptif Berbasis Kolaborasi Tiga Pilar

Abstract

This community engagement program aimed to strengthen the capacity of special school teachers and disability-sport coaches through an adapted Para Throwball program based on a Three-Pillar collaboration involving special school teachers, National Paralympic Committee (NPC) Indonesia coaches, and athletes with disabilities. The program employed a participatory approach consisting of five stages: initial coordination, development of adapted media and instructional modules, theoretical workshop, collaborative field practice, and monitoring and evaluation. Eighteen participants were involved, including six students with disabilities, two special school teachers, two coaches, and eight athletes with disabilities. The intervention used soft-foam balls, an adjustable portable net, and a task-analysis-based instructional module integrated with video tutorials. Evaluation indicated an aggregate 74.5% increase in teachers' and coaches' understanding of instructional and tactical content, exceeding the 70% program target. Athletes served as role models and enhanced learning experiences, while coaches bridged technical and tactical knowledge with school-based instruction. The program demonstrates potential for strengthening an adapted sport ecosystem from school participation toward disability sport development. However, because individual pre-test and post-test scores were not fully available, the 74.5% figure is treated as an aggregate achievement rather than evidence of statistical significance. Future programs should employ validated instruments, larger samples, and longitudinal follow-up.