Journal of Safety Education starting in 2024 migrates from OJS 2 to OJS 3 to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jse MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal of Safety Education [P-ISSN 2986-6391 | E-ISSN 2988-3504] published by Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) issued two (2) times a year ie June and December. The journal publishes original articles on the latest issues and trends occurring occupational health and safety (OHS) across a diverse range of industries and settings. The journal's primary focus lies in exploring innovative educational interventions, risk assessment methodologies, hazard identification, and the analysis of factors contributing to workplace incidents and health risks. It welcomes empirical studies, case studies, and theoretical contributions that aim to enhance the knowledge, awareness, and safety practices of workers, employers, and the broader public. Abstracting & Indexing: Garuda
Communication of Visual Display Systems in the Pharmaceutical Industry Helps in Risk Management and Inherent Safety Practices – A Case Study
The visual display communication boards, which are used in the pharmaceuticalmanufacturing industry are in the form of a risk management and inherent safety practices. It has resulted in a two-dimensional safety approach for avoiding the risk in occupational environment, which is a new conceptual approach. We have studied the importance of safetyinstruction board requirement, before and after implementation of the visual display communication boards system. The first zone includes the safe handling of the pressurizedgas cylinder in the form of Do and Don’t, second zone, where the safe operation is carried outin the boiler operation area and the third zone, which represents the safe handling of an emergency situation during the Chlorine gas leakage. There was a positive response fromeach of the particular occupational zone, where more than 92 % of the occupants have increased their knowledge in the safe handling of the pressurized gas cylinders, various safety interlocks and safety aspects of operating the boiler and handing an emergency situation during the chlorine gas leakage after implementation of the visual display communication board. It has resulted in the risk management approach and also increased the inherent training awareness by reading the visual display instructions in each of their particular zones. The safety visual display communication board instructions not only act as a two-dimensional approach, but it also helps in avoiding classroom safety training. We can conclude that the safety visual display communication board system has increased the knowledge of the risk management approach and learning practices in the pharmaceuticalindustry, enhanced the safety knowledge of the operational equipment’s and handling the chlorine gas leakage during the emergency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Safety Education
Factors Affecting the Level of Work Fatigue in Workers at PT X
Work fatigue is a natural mechanism that prevents severe damage to workers but can also reduce their ability and efficiency at work. The issue of work fatigue has become an important matter that requires serious attention, as it can potentially diminish worker health, reduce productivity, and even increase the risk of workplace accidents. This study analyses the factors affecting work fatigue among workers at PT X, such as age, gender, length of service, and marital status. The research method used is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design to analyse risk factors associated with work fatigue. The population and sample consisted of 57 respondents selected using random sampling techniques. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires using the Work Fatigue Measurement Tool Questionnaire (KAUPK2) in digital form, conducted at PT X in April 2025. The analysis showed no significant relationship between gender and work fatigue (p=0.723>0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between age and work fatigue (p=0.043<0.05), marital status and work fatigue (p=0.008<0.05), as well as length of service and work fatigue (p=0.013<0.05). Workers aged 46-55 years had the highest level of severe fatigue, married workers showed a higher level of fatigue than unmarried workers, and workers with a longer duration of service (21-30 years) tended to experience severe fatigue. Age, marital status, and length of service influence work fatigue among workers at PT X, while gender did not show a relationship. Age, marital status, and length of service affect work fatigue among workers at PT X, while gender does not show a significant relationship. The results of this work fatigue study can be used as a basis for developing interventions to cope with fatigue in the workplace.
Overview of Work Stress in Workers at Laundry X
Job stress is essential in occupational health, especially in high-demand service sectors like the laundry industry. This study examines the level of job stress among Laundry X employees by considering individual factors such as gender, age, and length of service. The design of this study was observational with a cross-sectional approach, using data from observations, interviews, and job stress diagnosis questionnaires, according to Permenaker No. 5 of 2018 concerning Occupational Safety and Health in the Work Environment. All six female employees of Laundry X became respondents. The results showed variations in job stress levels based on six categories: role ambiguity, role conflict, quantitative workload, qualitative workload, career development, and responsibility towards others. Most experienced moderate stress, especially in career development (100%) and qualitative workload (83.3%). Overall, (50%) of respondents experienced mild and (50%) moderate stress. These findings emphasize the importance of a structured job stress management program relevant to the laundry industry's conditions. By addressing the factors that cause stress, the laundry industry can improve employee well-being and work efficiency. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of job stress, especially in the context of the small-scale service industry.
Implementation of Inspection to Controlling Hazards in the Garment
The garment industry is currently showing significant growth, with complex production systems that have the potential to cause various operational risks, particularly related to occupational safety. This study aims to identify the importance of implementing inspections as a form of control over occupational safety and health (OSH) in the garment industry. The method used in this study is a descriptive approach, with data collection techniques through direct observation and interviews at one garment manufacturing industry in the Ungaran area. The results indicate the presence of potential hazards from three main aspects: Man, Machine, and Method. It was also found that the company under study has not conducted routine inspections and remains more focused on achieving production targets. Therefore, the implementation of systematic inspections through the stages of planning, execution, evaluation, and reporting is considered important to detect potential hazards early on and support the creation of a safer and more productive work environment.
Identification of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Garment Workers using the Nordic Body Map (NBM)
The textile industry is one of the industrial activities that is carried out repeatedly with static positions and has non-ergonomic rules, causing musculoskeletal disorders such as stiff neck, back pain, muscle pain in the shoulder and calf areas. These complaints can reduce work productivity in garment workers. This study aims to determine the musculoskeletal disorders experienced by garment workers x. This study was conducted through direct observation, interviews, and filling out the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to measure musculoskeletal disorders. The results showed that the most complaints of pain were in the waist, upper neck, and the back. For the classification of risk levels based on the Nordic Body Map score, 17 respondents (85%) experienced a risk level of MSDS disorders with the "low" category, 3 respondents (15%) with the "medium" category, and there were no respondents with the "high" category. To prevent more serious health problems in the future, it is important for garment workers to always apply ergonomic principles in their work. So that workers can maintain their health and work productivity in the long term.
musculoskeletal disorders, garment, nordic body map
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Safety Education
Analysis Factors Associated with Work Accidents Among House Construction Workers in Karang Ayu
Globally, work-related injuries are a significant public health and economic issue, with approximately 5-7% of all deaths in industrialized countries caused by work-related injuries. Each year, work accidents cause 350,000 deaths and 270 million non-fatal serious injuries. Due to its high burden of occupational hazards, the construction industry is more at risk than other industries. Compared with workers in different occupations, building construction workers are three to four times more likely to die and twice as likely to be injured than workers in other occupations. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of work accidents among house construction workers in Karangayu, Semarang Barat. This study used descriptive qualitative methods, including observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The result of this study is that factors can cause work accidents, such as age, unsafe actions such as not using PPE properly, and worker knowledge, which leads to unsafe actions. Still, in this observation, there are driving factors behind workers' unsafe actions, one of which is the non-compliance of house construction workers in Karangayu, Semarang.
Effectiveness of Modified Truth or Dare Game in Improving Toxicology Knowledge of Workers at Tofu Factory X
There are 84,000 tofu producers in Indonesia, ranging from household industries with 5-8 workers to medium-sized industries with 50-100 workers. In a single tofu production process, additional chemicals such as CH3COOH and MgSO4 are used. These conditions pose potential safety and health hazards for workers, requiring control measures. This study employs a quantitative approach, using an experimental model with treatment in the form of a card game. Data was collected using primary data methods, such as questionnaire instruments and direct field observation. The questionnaire was compiled based on priority hazard assessment using HIRADC calculations and then tested for validity and reliability. The questionnaire results were tested using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test because the data were not normally distributed. The study results for worker respondents (0.027) and the public (0.000), or P value < 0.05, indicate that H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted. The modified truth-or-dare card game method was found to have a significant impact on toxicology knowledge among workers and the general public.
Analysis of Hazard Risk Understanding Using "Safety-Uno" Education Media for Batik Workers in Batik X and the General Public
Batik is the art of drawing on cloth using canting with small ends and batik wax. The process of making batik can cause work accidents and occupational diseases that occur because of equipment failure and human errors that do work not according to procedures. However, in the informal batik industry, there still needs to be more knowledge and awareness related to potential hazards and controls that must be carried out. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct education to increase workers' understanding and create a safe and comfortable work environment. This research method is a quantitative study using the Wilcoxon Test to compare observations before and after treatment and determine the effectiveness of treatment. Based on the observations and analysis that have been carried out, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the use of safety cards.
Effectiveness of "SAFETYPOLY" Learning Media in Improving Public Knowledge of Chemical Hazards in the Printing Industry
In today's development, many games are played by all groups, from small children to adults and older people. This game can be used for fun or as a learning medium. This game can also be used to increase public knowledge, one of which is regarding occupational safety and health. There is a game that can be used to improve understanding in society, namely monopoly. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effectiveness of monopoly learning media, which contains occupational safety and health "safetypoly", in increasing public knowledge regarding Occupational Safety and Health. This study used a quantitative research approach with a pre-experimental type of research. The research design used in this study was the One Group Pretest-Posttest Control Design. Data collection methods include questionnaires, observation, and interviews. The data analysis methods used in this research are the Validity Test, Reliability Test, Normality Test, and Wilcoxon Test. The "Test Statistics" output is known as Asymp based on the research results.Sig. (2-tailed) is worth 0,000. The value of 0.000 is smaller than <0.05, so there is a difference between the pre-test and post-test results. Apart from that, there was an increase in workers from 20% to 80%. It can be concluded that the safetypoly game influences students' level of knowledge regarding the dangers of chemicals, so this game is effectively used as an educational medium related to occupational safety and health.
The Influence of Tepuk TebakGames as Occupational Health and Safety Education on the Knowledge Level of Hair Salon Workers and Custome
Working in a hair salon involvesexposure to various potential hazards, such as harmful chemicals from hair care products, the risk of injury from sharp tools, and non-ergonomic working postures. These issues can be addressed by enhancing workers' knowledge of occupational safety and health practices by providingeducation using available educational media. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing educational media in the form of games on increasing knowledge among salon workers and clients using salon services. The research method used is a pre-experimental study with a single-group pre-test and post-test design. The data obtained comes from two types of sources: primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews and direct field observations using a questionnaire as the research instrument, while secondary data were obtained through a literature review. The study showed a significant increase in workers' knowledge after being educated through games. The average knowledge score of workers increased from 45 (pre-test) to 97.5 (post-test). Similarly, salon clients' knowledge also significantly increased from an average score of 67.76 (pre-test) to 93.16 (post-test), with a p-value (<0.001)
Risk Level Analysis of a Compressor Equipment at Repair Shop X using HAZOP Method
A repair shop is a business entity operating in the field of automotive service, including vehicle repair and maintenance services, offering services ranging from routine inspections to complex damage repair. A repair shop employee is exposed to a variety of hazards, especially those related to compressor equipment, including explosion injuries, pneumatic equipment connected to a compressor, air spray, as well as respiratory illnesses. This study aims to identify and analyze the hazards that arises during works that uses a compressor at repair shop X. In this article, the researcher used a descriptive research design and the HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) approach. In the result, 4 hazards were identified in the high-risk category, 2 hazards in the medium-risk category, and 2 hazard risks in the low-risk category. In conclusion, each part of equipment or machine has different risks, but risks can be prevented through proper control.
Inhalation Risk Assessment of Thinner Use in Furniture Painting Workers at Furniture X
The safety and health of workers in the furniture painting industry are a primary concern, given the increasing use of hazardous chemicals that can lead to various health issues. This study aims to analyze the inhalation risk associated with thinner use among furniture painting workers at Furniture X. Using a descriptive research method; the analysis focuses on inhalation exposure risks linked to thinner chemicals. Data were collected through a review of thinner Safety Data Sheets (SDS), field observations, and structured interviews, with the findings assessed using the Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) framework. The assessment considered Hazard Rating (HR), Exposure Rating (ER), and Risk Rating (RR) factors. The results indicate that thinner, which is mixed with paint for the painting process, contains chemicals such as toluene (CAS: 108-88-3), xylene (CAS: 1330-20-7), and acetone (CAS: 67-64-1), each with varying levels of risk (RR). One of the substances in thinner, xylene, was identified as having significant potential to cause respiratory irritation. The study concludes that the CHRA method applied to the furniture painting process at Furniture X revealed three hazardous chemicals in the thinner used, with xylene posing a notable health risk. These findings underscore the need to implement safe work procedures and ensure the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Occupational Safety and Health, CHRA, Inhalation Risk, Furniture Painting
Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control (HIRAC) on Furniture Production Process at Furniture X
Occupational safety and health are critical concerns in the furniture production industry, which involves various potential hazards. Poorly managed risks can adversely affect worker safety and health. This study aims to identify hazards, assess risks, and recommend control measures for the furniture production process at Mebel X using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control (HIRAC) method. The research employs a descriptive approach, utilizing direct observation and semi-structured interviews with business owners and workers. The analyzed production stages include material preparation, cutting, engraving, assembling, sanding, and finishing. Risk analysis is based on the levels of probability and severity, categorized as Low Risk, Moderate Risk, High Risk, and Very High Risk. The findings reveal that certain stages, such as material preparation, cutting, and finishing, carry a Very High Risk level. Key hazards identified include direct contact with sharp tools, exposure to wood dust, and hazardous chemicals such as thinner and paint. The primary contributing factors to these risks are unsafe actions, failure to use personal protective equipment (PPE), and suboptimal working conditions. The study concludes that the furniture production process at Mebel X poses significant risks, necessitating the implementation of risk control measures based on the Hierarchy of Control to ensure workplace safety and create a safer working environment.
Risk Analysis of Work Accidents in The Building Revitalization Project “Y” City Semarang by PT. X with Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) Method
The construction industry is hazardous due to its tendency to cause accidents. In constructing a multi-storey building, one of the risks that has the potential for work accidents is the risk of falling from a height. This research was conducted on the “Y” building revitalization project in Semarang city. This study aims to analyze the factors that are the basic causes of unwanted events in the project's revitalization using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method. This research is descriptive observational research with analysis based on field observations and supported by literature studies from previous research. The results showed two of the most dangerous risks, namely "workers being hit by falling materials from a height" during advanced structural work, and the risk of “falling from a height” during advanced structural work and installation work. When applying the FTA model, 16 root causes were found for both risks. To minimize these risks, it is necessary to take mitigation measures such as paying attention to one's physical and mental condition before working, always complying with applicable SOPs, and wearing complete PPE.
Dermal Pesticide Exposure Risk Study on Rice Spraying Activities for Gunung Pati Farmers
This study aims to assess the dermal exposure risk of Pesticide spraying activities among farmers in Gunungpati. The research uses a descriptive method with a semi-quantitative approach using the Dermal Risk Assessment Method (DREAM). Risk assessment was conducted on four activities: (1) pesticide measuring using bottle caps, (2) pesticide mixing with water in tanks, (3) pesticide spraying implementation, and (4) tank cleaning. The assessment evaluated exposure on nine body parts: head, upper arms, forearms, hands, front body, back, lower body, calves, and feet. Results showed the total actual dermal exposure at the job level was 40.3, categorized as moderate risk. The highest exposure was found during spraying activity (34.4 - moderate), followed by tank cleaning (2.9 - very low), Pesticide measuring (2.4 - very low), and mixing (0.45 - very low). The study recommends using complete personal protective equipment, including thick, long clothes, wide-brimmed hats, masks, eye protection, vinyl gloves, and boots to reduce dermal exposure risks. This research contributes to understanding occupational health risks in agricultural pesticide application and improving safety practices among farmers.
Hazard Analysis Using JSA on Workers at Height Making the Dome of Mosque X, Semarang City
This study aims to analyze the hazards for workers at the height of making the dome of Mosque X in Menoreh Tengah, Semarang City. This study uses a mixed-method approach that combines observational descriptive research and systematic review. Data processing uses the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) methodology to identify risks and hazards. Data is collected through direct observation, interviews, secondary data analysis of company documents, and procedural documentation. The results of the study identified five stages of work: (1) construction of dome foundation, (2) installation of ceiling and waterproof membrane, (3) installation of dome frame, (4) installation of Makara, and (5) installation of dome panels. The results of the analysis showed that there were four categories of hazards: physical hazards, chemical hazards, ergonomic hazards, and psychosocial hazards. Risk control is carried out through a control hierarchy, including engineering control (installation of safety nets, scaffolding), substitution (use of engine pulleys), administrative control (SOP, safety sign), and the use of PPE (full body harness, safety helmet). This study has provided recommendations for developing risk control systems, special training programs, increased supervision, and more detailed work procedures to improve occupational safety and health in workers at height.
Impact of the Use of Hazardous Chemicals on Workers in the "Y" Construction Revitalization Project in Semarang City
Construction revitalization projects have become an inseparable part of repairing, renewing and improving the quality of city buildings and infrastructure. The construction industry is one of the sectors that plays an important role in infrastructure development in various countries, including Indonesia. The revitalization project of the "Y" construction project in Semarang City, Indonesia, has become part of the repair and renewal efforts of urban buildings and infrastructure. This study aims to determine the hazardous chemicals used and their impacts at the project site. This study is based on the analysis of hazardous chemicals found in the "Y" construction Revitalization Project which specifically focuses on the process of installing walls and floors. The variables to be studied are the work process, hazards and risks of work accidents and occupational diseases, and control of existing hazards and risks. The results of the study indicate that the use of chemicals in cement has a significant impact on workers' health if not managed properly. By implementing proper safety procedures, the negative impacts of chemicals can be minimized, thereby creating a safer, healthier, and more productive work environment. Awareness and compliance with safety procedures by all workers and project management are essential to protecting workers' health.
Risk Assessment of Lead Exposure in The Oil Change Process with Dream Model
Lead (Pb) is an inorganic chemical element (95%) commonly found in soil, rocks, and plants. The use of fuel and oil containing lead is relatively high in Indonesia. Motorcycle or machine repair shop workers are at high risk of lead exposure, especially when removing used oil. Workers are exposed to oil containing lead while removing used oil from the engine, cleaning the engine cover with gasoline, opening the oil bottle cap, and pouring oil. Even, these processes can lead to lead poisoning. This study aims to evaluate workers’ risk of lead exposure during the oil-removing process at Repair Shop X. This descriptive study used a semi-quantitative approach with a Dermal Risk Exposure Method (DREAM). This study involved a total of 5 workers at Repair Shop X in the process of removing motorcycle oil. The actual dermal exposure value reached 340.36 based on the sum of the four activities. This was considered in the very high exposure category. Meanwhile, based on the activity obtained by calculating worker hygiene and work environment. The total exposure value was 306.33, which is a very high category. Therefore, using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as gloves and maintaining worker and work environment hygiene by cleaning with water regularly can help minimize lead exposure.
Transforming to a Multinational Cultural Organization: Strategical Change in the Safety and Environmental Aspects and its Regulation in Hazardous Chemicals Handling Industry
The strategic cultural shift implemented by the multinational company (MNC) has significantly advanced the organization’s Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) objectives compared to previous management practices. These cultural changes have fostered a stronger safety culture and enhanced environmental protection. By employing both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, the study highlights key strategic initiatives that contributed to these improvements. Notable advancements include the introduction of an online safety training platform, which increased occupant safety awareness, and the implementation of an online work permit system for better activity tracking. The adoption of a three-dimensional safety approach has strengthened process safety management, while environmental monitoring has improved through online pollutant tracking and biweekly leak detection tests to reduce fugitive emissions. Overall, the transformation in organizational culture under MNC leadership has elevated safety and environmental consciousness across the workforce.
Assessment of the Underlying Causes and Impact of Fires at the Kumasi Kejetia Market
Marketplaces, serving as vibrant hubs of economic activity and social interaction, are susceptible to various fire-related hazards. The market has suffered repeated market fires, causing economic, livelihood, and safety devastation, necessitating thorough research into their underlying causes and impacts. The study employed a mix of research methodologies: a structured questionnaire for the Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS) and the National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO) (experts) and vendors (non-experts), key informant interviews, focus group discussions, direct observations, and the analysis of results using the Chi-square test, in pursuit of some questions. In the course of assessing the underlying causes of fires in the market, the findings have revealed that negligence (RII: 0.65, rank: 1) was a significant cause of fire incidence in the market, followed by accidents (RII: 0.58, rank: 2). Electrical issues were mentioned as the main “other reason” for the fire outbreaks, with over half of the respondents (74) (53.2%) attributing fires to this cause. With respect to the impact, the majority (109) 64.1% of respondents cited the loss of properties as a significant disadvantage of market fires. The majority of the respondents (35) (63.6%) consider support from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and about (18) 32.7% of respondents emphasized the importance of having insurance as crucial additional measures to address the economic consequences of market fires. Through observations and findings, the researcher recommends proper safety protocols and public education to prevent similar incidents in the future. Also, encouraging vendors to obtain insurance coverage could help mitigate the financial burden they face in the aftermath of such fire incidents and aid in their recovery process.