The Effect of Outbound-Inspired Physical Activity Model in Enhancing Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/jssf.v10i2.26441Keywords:
Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, Outbound, Physical Education, Elementary School StudentsAbstract
Physical fitness is essential for the physical and mental development of elementary school students. However, the rising trend of sedentary lifestyles has limited students’ participation in physical activities. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an outbound-based physical activity model in improving the physical fitness of elementary school students. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach was employed. The participants consisted of 100 elementary school students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using physical fitness tests, questionnaires, and observations, and analyzed using paired t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results revealed that students in the experimental group who participated in the outbound program showed a significant improvement in physical fitness compared to those in the control group who received conventional instruction (p < 0.05). Furthermore, students in the experimental group demonstrated higher levels of engagement and motivation toward physical activities. These findings suggest that the outbound-based physical activity model is an effective alternative approach to enhancing physical fitness in elementary school students, while also fostering improvements in social skills and motivation.
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