Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jtsp MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan (JTSP) is a scientific journal which biannualy published in April and October. We firstly published in 1999 as national journal of Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang. In 2016, JTSP was indexed in DOAJ with Green Tick critera. And in 2018, JTSP expands its range of article quality and publication through publishing English-language articles. SINTA | GARUDA | DIMENSION | DOAJ
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) of Bali Airport Considering Earthquake Effects
I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport in Bali is a critical national infrastructure located in a region of high seismicity driven by the Indo-Australian–Eurasian plate convergence. Despite the availability of national-level hazard maps, no site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard study incorporating local soil amplification has previously been conducted for this facility. This study performs site-specific Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) using EZ-FRISK, one-dimensional non-linear soil amplification analysis using DEEPSOIL V7, and spectral matching of ground motions from the PEER NGA database to represent Bali seismic conditions. Historical earthquake data (Mw 4.0–9.0, 1900–2025) within a 500 km radius were compiled from the USGS catalog. Earthquake recurrence was characterized using the Gutenberg-Richter relationship. The Atkinson and Boore (2003) GMPE was applied for subduction sources. Bedrock PGA was determined at a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years (return period = 2,475 years). Site response analysis was performed using N-SPT-derived shear-wave velocity profiles. Bedrock PGA is 0.308 g (design value 0.206 g after 2/3 factor). After nonlinear soil amplification, the surface PGA reaches 0.800 g, a 2.6-fold amplification, indicating a severe surface hazard. Hazard deaggregation identifies a dominant scenario earthquake of Mw 5.95 at 23.86 km. This is the first integrated PSHA study combining bedrock hazard, soil amplification, and spectral matching for Bali Airport, providing site-specific ground-motion parameters critical for earthquake-resistant structural design and liquefaction risk assessment at this strategically vital facility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Effect of Steel Truss Configuration on Bridge Structural Strength and Seismic Response
Located within the Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia experiences high seismic intensity, posing a risk of structural damage to bridges; thus, seismic load considerations are imperative in bridge engineering. Although bridge seismic analysis has been conducted, comparative studies of truss configurations under seismic loads remain limited. This study analyzes the influence of truss configurations, including Howe, Pratt, Warren, Quadrangular Warren, Whipple, Camel Back, Baltimore, K-Truss, and Petit Truss, under seismic loads through deflection and Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) parameters. The analysis was performed using Midas Civil, a Finite Element Method software, while seismic loading was applied using the response spectrum method. The results show that the Camel Back Truss achieves the highest structural efficiency, yielding the lowest DCR, with a maximum of 0.064693 and 0.1503 for the mean. Regarding serviceability, Petit Truss exhibited the minimum deflection values of 0.02735 m, 0.02482 m, and 0.02493 m for Service I (TD), Service I (TT), and Extreme I, respectively. Overall, Camel Back Truss provides the best structural performance by maintaining the lowest stress ratio and the second-lowest deflection, recorded at 0.02725 m and 0.03897 m under Service I and 0.02818 m under Extreme I loads, respectively.
Comparative Statistical Analysis of Geotextile Tensile Strength Using Wide-Width Strip and Grab Test for Soil Reinforcement Applications
Abstract. The objectives of this study were to compile a database of geotextiles, test for differences in parameter values between the two methods, and develop a regression model to predict Strip Test values from Grab Test data. This study employed a quantitative approach using local products data, global products for comparison, raw test data, standards, and documents from other countries. Statistical analysis used analysis of variance and boxplots due to the wide variation in the commercial data. The findings of this study confirmed that the Wide-Width Strip Test method per ASTM D4595 produces more precise, consistent, and relevant tensile strength data than the Grab Test per ASTM D4632. The Grab/Strip ratio measured ranged from 1.13 to 6.40 and was not constant. The Strip coefficient of variation of 2.4% was almost half that of the Grab at 5.4%. Woven PET has been shown to have a 48% higher tensile strength and <25% lower elongation than woven PP at the same nominal strength, due to the stiffness of PET's aromatic chains. This study proves that there is no universal conversion factor between the two methods. Mandatory soil reinforcement project specifications require ASTM D4595 or ISO 10319 Strip data.
Human Resource Competencies and Their Influence on Time Performance in Construction Projects
Human resource competencies play a crucial role in determining the success of construction projects, particularly in achieving project time performance. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on general performance indicators, with limited emphasis on the quantitative relationship between specific competency types and time performance in high-rise construction projects. This study aims to identify key human resource competencies and examine their influence on project time performance. A quantitative approach was employed, using questionnaire surveys and expert validation, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and nonparametric statistical methods. The findings reveal that 23 technical (hard skills) and 28 non-technical (soft skills) competencies are required. The most dominant hard skill is the understanding of structural work implementation, while the most influential soft skill is proactiveness and initiative. The results also indicate that technical competencies have a stronger relationship with time performance (60.7%) compared to non-technical competencies (56.8%). This study contributes by providing a structured quantitative assessment of competency-performance relationships, offering practical insights for improving workforce development strategies in construction projects.
Impact of Work Accident Rate on Construction Safety Management System: A Case Study in Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Zero Accident is a concept that aims to eliminate work accidents by implementing an effective Construction Safety Management System (CSMS) in accordance with applicable regulations. The CSMS is very important for creating safety and security for all parties involved, as well as the work environment. However, during implementation, many contractors do not adhere to the applicable rules and guidelines; therefore, this research was conducted to examine how the current occupational safety management system is implemented in the field. This study focuses on the results of the analysis of the accident work rate in the Sidoarjo Integrated Central Building construction project. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the contractor's commitment to implement the work safety plan had a great impact on the implementation of the construction safety management system of this project, even obtained, with 0 Frequency Severity Indicator per 1,000,000 working hours of people, successfully implemented by the contractor. This result allows the work to be implemented simultaneously in accordance with the plan, on time, with quality, and at cost, because there are no work accidents that affect it, and the contractor can avoid negative costs associated with them.
Legal Liability for Construction Failures In The Digital Era: A Qualitative Analysis of The Use Of Building Information Modeling (BIM)
The development of digital technology in the construction industry has led to major innovations through the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM), which enables cross-disciplinary collaboration within a single integrated digital model. However, this transformation also presents new legal challenges, particularly regarding the allocation of responsibility in the event of construction failures. This study aims to analyse how contractual clauses govern risk distribution associated with BIM use and how digital collaboration practices shape the determination of legal liability in real-world projects. Using a qualitative approach grounded in literature review and normative analysis, it was found that the collaborative nature of BIM blurs the traditional boundaries between designers, contractors, and project owners. The lack of clear regulations and the weak implementation of the BIM Execution Plan (BEP) often make it difficult to identify the liable party in cases of design errors or technical failures. Therefore, reformulation of contracts and regulations is required to explicitly define rights, obligations, and digital audit mechanisms to ensure legal certainty. In conclusion, the use of BIM demands comprehensive legal adaptation to balance technological efficiency and professional accountability in the era of digital construction.
Building Information Modeling, Legal Liability, Construction Contracts, Digitalization, Construction Failures.
Compressive Strength and Damage Simulation of Type V Cement-Based Concrete with GGBFS Addition
The durability of concrete structures in marine environments is often compromised by exposure to aggressive chemical agents. Although Type V cement is designed for high sulphate resistance, it remains susceptible to chloride penetration and magnesium-induced softening. This study investigates the mechanical performance of Type V cement-based concrete modified with GGBFS under simulated marine conditions. Specimens with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% GGBFS replacement were cast and cured in synthetic seawater for 7, 14, and 28 days before a compressive strength test. Experimental results showed that 2% GGBFS addition yielded the highest compressive strength of 48.12 MPa, which outperformed the regular concrete (42.32 MPa) at 28 days. Numerical simulations using the Mazars damage model in Cast3M were conducted to complement experimental findings, with mesh densities between 16 and 32 sides. Both experimental and modeling results were compared to BS EN 12390-3:2009 standards to categorize damage patterns. The analysis demonstrated that concrete with 2% dan 4% GGBFS exhibited satisfactory damage behaviour, while 0% and 6% GGBFS mixtures were classified as unsatisfactory. Further, the 16-sided mesh configuration generated damage patterns comparable to 2% and 4% GGBFS specimens, whereas the 32-sided mesh closely aligned with damage characteristics of 0% and 6% GGBFS concrete. This study highlights a novel experimental-numerical framework for optimizing GGBFS levels in marine conditions, demonstrating that integrated approaches effectively enhance performance evaluation and durability assessment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Performance Index-Based Multi-Criteria Optimization of GGBFS Replacement in Concrete for Enhanced Strength, Durability, and Sustainability
Using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has emerged as a sustainable alternative in concrete production, offering notable improvements in durability and long-term strength. However, identifying the optimal replacement level that balances mechanical performance, durability, and sustainability remains challenging. This study addresses this gap by critically reviewing sixteen peer-reviewed studies conducted between 2006 and 2025, the broadest dataset yet applied in a performance index (PI)-based evaluation. A PI was developed to normalize and compare diverse mechanical and durability parameters, integrating them into a multi-criteria framework. The PI was further evaluated under three practical weightings: Balanced (50/50), Durability-prioritized (60/40), and Strength-prioritized (40/60). Results indicate that a 40% GGBFS replacement delivers the highest composite performance under balanced criteria, 20% is optimal for strength-driven applications, and 60–70% provides superior durability in aggressive environments, especially when activation or enhanced curing is applied. This study demonstrates the practical utility of an integrated PI approach for sustainable concrete design.
Analysis of Vegetation Diversity and Emission Absorption Sufficiency on the Pandaan-Malang Green Toll Road
Green corridors on toll roads are a natural strategy designed to reduce transportation emissions while maintaining the ecological function of the area. This study aims to assess the ability of vegetation to absorb carbon along the Pandaan–Malang Green Toll Road by comparing the total emissions produced by passing vehicles. The method employed is a quantitative descriptive approach with a bottom-up methodology to calculate carbon emissions and estimate CO₂ absorption, utilizing existing vegetation data. The research data revealed that the total annual emissions reached 63.32 million kg, while the total vegetation absorption was only 51.08 million kg or 19.33%, resulting in a deficit of 12.24 million kg (80.67%). Trembesi trees dominate, contributing around 90% of the total absorption, but dependence on this monoculture poses ecological risks due to pest attacks and climate pressure. Therefore, a species diversification strategy that focuses on zoning and strengthening technical regulations on green belts is needed. The policy implications aim to transform green highways from aesthetic elements into sustainable ecological infrastructure that actively functions in climate change mitigation and improves ecosystem service quality.
Seismic Stiffness Evaluation of RC Dual Systems in Varying Geometries: A Pushover-Based Study Using Indonesian Codes
This study evaluates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) dual systems that combine moment-resisting frames with shear walls, using nonlinear pushover analysis in accordance with Indonesian seismic design codes (SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019). A total of 32 analytical models were developed to examine the influence of four critical parameters: story height (3–10 stories), span length (5.5–6.5 m), shear wall thickness (200–250 mm), and concrete compressive strength (20–25 MPa). The elastic stiffness factor was determined as the base shear ratio to roof displacement at the onset of first hinge formation. In contrast, base shear capacity was derived from the pushover curves. Results show that geometric parameters exert the most decisive influence on seismic response, with stiffness decreasing by more than 50 percent as story height increases and by approximately 8 percent with longer spans. Material enhancements provide only modest gains of 2 to 7 percent. These findings emphasize the dominant role of structural configuration in drift control and ductility demand, offering practical recommendations for optimizing RC dual systems under Indonesian codes and improving the resilience of mid- to high-rise buildings in seismic regions.
Impact of River Infrastructure on Sediment Distribution to Maintain Reservoir Lifespan: A Case of the Bili-Bili Reservoir, Jeneberang Basin, Indonesia
This study investigates the impact of river infrastructure on sediment distribution in the Bili-Bili Reservoir. Bathymetric data obtained using an echo-sounding sonar system were processed with Surfer 14 to analyze reservoir bottom morphology, storage capacity, and sediment accumulation. Hydrological modeling with NRECA calibration was combined with field measurements to estimate sediment inflow and storage loss. Results show cumulative sedimentation increased by 42% (1997–2005), 33% (2005–2011), and 25% (2011–2017), with a peak deposition of 21.74 × 10⁶ m³ in 2005. Following the construction of sabo dams, consolidation dams, and check dams in 2011, sedimentation rates decreased by 57% relative to 2005. Reservoir capacity declined from 365 × 10⁶ m³ in 1997 to 264 × 10⁶ m³ in 2017, reducing the effective service life by approximately 6.5 years. The remaining lifespan of the reservoir in 2017 was 24 years and 4 months, compared to the original design life. These findings emphasize that periodic dredging (every four years), monthly sediment removal at the consolidation dam, and sediment trapping in the Jeneberang watershed are essential to sustain reservoir performance.
Analysis of Flood Discharge in the Balangan Sub-Watershed Using HEC-HMS
Flooding poses significant challenges, especially in areas with rapid urban development, such as Balangan Regency, South Kalimantan. This study analyzes the hydrological conditions contributing to floods in the Balangan River watershed using the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System). The research employs secondary data, including rainfall data from GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation), watershed delineation from DEMNAS, and soil type data from Google Earth Engine. Precipitation data spanning 20 years (2003–2022) were analyzed using the Thiessen Polygon Method and statistical tests such as chi-square and Smirnov-Kolmogorov for distribution fitting. Hydrological modeling was conducted using the SCS Curve Number method integrated into HEC-HMS to estimate flood discharges for various return periods. The results indicate peak discharges of 2,916.8 m³/s, 4,309.7 m³/s, 5,590.8 m³/s, 7,288.5 m³/s, 9,625.8 m³/s, and 11,943.4 m³/s for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years, respectively. These findings highlight the critical impact of land cover, soil characteristics, and rainfall patterns on flood risks. The study underscores the importance of incorporating hydrological modeling tools like HEC-HMS for effective flood risk management and planning in the region.
Application of The Building Infill Concept in New Buildingswithin the Historic Semarang Old Town Area
The Old City of Semarang, as a national-level cultural heritage site, has inherited its function as a cultural center with unique architecture and urban layout that has remained. Over time, the development of the economy and high tourism demands exert significant pressure on the city's heritage. New functions with their commercialism often lead to inappropriate new buildings that potentially threaten the historic area's authenticity. Applying the infill building concept becomes a conservation solution that emphasizes optimizing vacant spaces in well-developed urban areas, including historic areas. Research has been conducted on several new buildings in the Semarang Old City that have changed in function and physical appearance. This research aims to analyze the existing conditions of new buildings and examine how infill development can be applied to structures in historical areas without damaging the architectural characteristics. The method employed includes descriptive analysis of observed objects by observing buildings, analyzed based on elements within the building infill approach. The results indicate that applying infill building in new constructions in the Old Town area requires a sensitive design approach, considering several elements, including mass, height, material color, ornamentation, and harmonious integration with the surrounding historical buildings. Additionally, it is suggested to the government that this research can initiate more detailed policies and active supervision regarding the construction of new buildings to maintain their authenticity. In conclusion, building infill can be an effective solution to support the economic development of historical areas without compromising cultural heritage, provided it is carried out with proper planning and regulations.
Repetitive Construction Scheduling Using Line of Balance (Case Study: One of the 6-Storey Polyclinic Building Construction Project in Batang Regency)
Repetitive work is often encountered by contractors, so effective planning is needed so that the project can achieve its goals within the set time limit. One aspect of planning is project scheduling, which is a method that is used in construction work. One of the scheduling methods suitable for repetitive construction is a line of balance. Therefore, this research was conducted using the line of balance method on a repetitive multi-story building project to find out whether the line of balance can properly organize project implementation. The results of the analysis and calculations that have been carried out obtained the duration required to complete the construction project of the 6-story polyclinic building for 274 days. The schedule in the project plan takes 308 days to complete the project. By comparing the effectiveness of the time whose duration is at odds with 34 days, the schedule plan using the line of balance method is more effective and efficient in completing the construction project of the 6-story polyclinic building in Batang Regency.
Optimization of Vehicle Queue Length Using PTV Vissim at Talang Buluh Intersection, Banyuasin Regency
Traffic congestion is a common issue in developing metropolitan areas, impacting both economically and socially. Long vehicle queues result in delays for many vehicles, which increases travel time and contributes to deteriorating air quality due to emissions from motor vehicles at intersections. One of the influencing factors is the non-optimization of intersections due to delays. Previous studies commonly use the Highway Capacity Manual Indonesia, 2023, to analyze intersection optimization. However, this study will utilize PTV Vissim software. In planning the intersection, some factors must be considered, such as capacity, density, speed, and type. An average daily traffic survey and a road geometric survey will be conducted in the field survey. The analysis will be performed using PTV Vissim software to optimize the 3 (Three) Talang Buluh intersection in Banyuasin Regency by examining the impact of vehicle queue length and evaluating policies for improving traffic management. According to the analysis results, the data from the First Scenario shows that the maximum vehicle queue length reaches 124.02 meters, with an average delay of 18.75 seconds from the Palembang direction. In the second scenario, installing traffic signal control devices increased the queue length to 287.95 meters from the Betung direction, with the most extended delay reaching 129.52 seconds. The third scenario, which involved geometric changes at the intersection, successfully reduced the vehicle queue length to just 47.70 meters from the Palembang City direction. Additionally, the most extended delay recorded was only 11.59 seconds, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach, though it is costly and unsuitable for short-term use. Overall, Scenario 1 can serve as a short-term solution for intersection optimization. However, if road widening improvements are feasible, Scenario 3 is the optimal solution for enhancing traffic efficiency and effectiveness, significantly reducing vehicle queues and delays. This is crucial for implementing long-term traffic management strategies at the Talang Buluh Intersection in Banyuasin Regency.
Concrete Brick Wasted Material Substitution Performance: Role of Fly Ash, Mixture Composition, and Compressive Strength
The optimization of wasted materials, especially local fly ash, provides space to be used as a construction material with the potential to partially replace cement without reducing the mechanical strength of concrete bricks to a proportion of 20%. Using waste materials like fly ash will provide economic value, environmental sustainability, and strength and durability. A mixture of local sand, PCC cement, and fly ash material is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Concrete bricks or commonly called paving blocks are products with sand, water, and cement compositions, as well as waste materials, the installation and maintenance of concrete bricks is very easy and can be formed with various variations that provide aesthetic aspects, the mechanical parameters of concrete bricks are 3, 14, and 28 days old compressive strength tests with a total of 75 samples with a quality classification D. Weight ratio 1:4 cement, sand and cement water 0.58. The weight of the cement determines the amount of fly ash. The performance of fly ash waste-substitution concrete bricks by 10% produced a quality of 11,674 MPa in 28 days.
Analysis of Transportation Mode Choice for Commuting To Campus (Case Study: Undergraduate and Graduate Students of the Faculty of Engineering Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta)
The parking lot density at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), reflects students' high use of motor vehicles. Various factors, including demographic characteristics, travel patterns, and the availability and limitations of public transportation infrastructure, influence this. However, no specific research has analyzed students' transportation mode choices at the Faculty of Engineering UMY and their impact on the campus parking capacity. This study aims to describe students' demographic and travel characteristics and analyze the parking capacity at the Faculty of Engineering UMY. The methods used were descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation analysis by distributing questionnaires to 98 respondents. The results show that most respondents are male, within the age range of 19-23 years. Most students have an income higher than the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), enabling them to own a private vehicle or pay for transportation costs. The primary transportation mode used by students is motorcycles. Private motorcycles dominate the transportation choice due to their efficiency for short trips (0-15 minutes or 1-7 km). Parking capacity analysis shows that the parking capacity for two-wheeled vehicles at the Faculty of Engineering UMY has exceeded its capacity with a saturation rate 1.21 during peak hours. Meanwhile, the parking facility or four-wheeled vehicles has reached 100%, with a saturation rate of 1, indicating that it is complete but has not exceeded capacity during peak hours. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the choice of transportation mode for students at the Faculty of Engineering UMY is dominated by private vehicles, particularly motorcycles. This condition results in high parking saturation, which calls for transportation management strategies such as improving public transportation accessibility, regulating private vehicle usage policies, and optimizing parking spaces.
The Coastal Abrasion Mitigation Using Permeable Structure at The Sipora Island
Abrasion is the beach erosion process due to destructive waves and currents, which are sometimes difficult to handle. The abrasion is caused by current, tidal, wind, and the earthquake and tsunami, 2010. Sipora Island is a world tourist destination for snorkeling, diving, and surfing. This research was conducted to mitigate abrasion at Sipora using a submerged permeable structure. The method is a quantitative analysis using permeable structure, WQC TOAA, current meter, and sediment trap. The field survey was conducted in August and October 2020 using purposive sampling at Kampung Dusun, Tua Pejat, The Sipora Island. The results show that the permeable structure can reduce the abrasion, current, and wave pressure and increase sedimentation at Kampung Dusun. The abrasion rate is 3.73 m/year or 268 m2/year, classified as very high (CVI). Sedimentation is created behind the permeable structure, whose rate is 9.389 cm3/day, sea current is 0.02-0.08 m/s (reduced till 50%), and wave pressure is 0.375 KN/m2 (decreased 62.5%). For seawater quality, the pH and turbidity are increased; TDS and salinity are relatively stable at some points, but the pH and temperature of the dissolved oxygen are decreased. The permeable structure can reduce abrasion and create sedimentation at Kampung Dusun, Sipora.
Analysis of the Impact of PPE Implementation on Occupational Safety and Health on Construction(Case Study: 4-Storey Residential Building Project)
Project construction can be risky for workers if Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is improper and correctly used. Complex construction projects are typically carried out in large cities like Surabaya. Usually, these projects involve contract workers with varying knowledge and awareness regarding PPE use. This study aims to analyze the level of work accident risk in a four-story house project undertaken by PT. Surya Andalan Bina Perkasa in Surabaya. The research method used was quantitative, with data collection techniques using questionnaires distributed to 30 samples. Data analysis techniques were carried out using simple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The study results show the risk level of work accidents in the four-story residential project carried out by PT. Surya Andalan Bina Perkasa is quite low. Types of work accidents with low risk include shortness of breath due to dust, head impacts, injuries from falls from heights, muscle and bone injuries caused by falling materials, hearing loss due to noise, and electric shocks. Types of risks in the low-medium category include irritation due to dust or wood shavings, minor foot injuries, hand injuries, body parts being struck by sharp objects, and accidents caused by heavy equipment. The level of worker compliance with PPE use is still low, as evidenced by 70% of workers being non-compliant and 30% being somewhat compliant in using PPE while working. The study results also show an impact of PPE implementation on occupational health and safety, evidenced by a correlation value of 24.9%. The significance of the hypothesis test is 0.005, and the determination value is 25.3%, indicating that the impact of PPE implementation on occupational health and safety is insignificant, as it only increases occupational health and safety by 25.3%.
The Impact of The Wage System on Estimating Construction Worker Productivity
A construction project's productivity significantly depends on its workforce's efficiency. This study examines the effect of different wage systems—daily wage and piece-rate (borongan) systems—on the productivity of construction workers, using a neural network model for analysis. Data were collected from workers at the ESP-Control Building Project of PLTU Units 9 & 10 through field observations and questionnaires. Productivity was assessed via the Work Sampling method, while SPSS software was employed to analyze key factors influencing worker performance. The results show that the piece-rate system is more effective in enhancing productivity than the daily wage system, as indicated by higher Labour Utilization Rates (LUR). A neural network model developed for productivity estimation achieved high accuracy, with R² values of 0.815 for the daily wage system and 0.817 for the piece-rate system. Practically, these findings can help project managers improve scheduling efficiency, minimize idle time, and reduce labor costs by adopting an appropriate wage system.
Intercropping House of Wonosobo, A Form of Conservative Architectural Locality
Highland areas are usually identical to agricultural areas, with abundant produce in the form of vegetables. On the other hand, the community's view of the highland area is considered insufficient in meeting the need for fresh fish, considering its distance from the sea. One of the highlands in Central Java Province that is quite widely known is Wonosobo Regency, where one of the areas has the potential to be a tourist area, namely the Dieng Plateau. If seen from a distance, Wonosobo Regency is quite far from the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean; besides being a highland area, its location is in the middle of Central Java Province. As a highland area, Wonosobo Regency differs from other hilly environments, especially in managing water resources in its residential areas. The management of water resources ultimately fosters a conservative environmental architectural design. The research aims to reveal how the process of forming settlements with wise and regenerative architectural design harmonizes the environment. An exploratory qualitative research method is used to answer the research objectives. The research location is in several neighborhoods in Wonosobo Regency, around the bottom of the Dieng plateau. The results of the study show that the design of residential houses in several residential areas of Wonosobo Regency uses the method of intercropping in the "back area," which is distinguished between the water source and the remnants of Bathing, Washing, Toilet (MCK) activities. Architectural design is a form of normative local wisdom passed down from generation to generation by the next generation so that the preservation of the "intercropping house of Wonosobo" runs well. In addition to the design of the house, each water distribution channel (water source and toilet residue) that crosses the settlement is also neatly arranged so that it can be well maintained without damaging the environment. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the design of houses and settlements in Wonosobo Regency is a form of conservative architectural locality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Structural Response of Irregular Buildings: Influence of Geometry and Shear Wall Configurations
This paper delves into the structural response of irregular buildings, specifically focusing on the influence of geometry and shear wall configurations. Irregular buildings, with their intricate geometries and diverse structural elements, present unique design challenges, necessitating a thorough performance evaluation. Our study conducts a comparative analysis to gauge the impact of various geometric layouts and shear wall arrangements on structural behavior under seismic loading. A nine-story irregular building in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is a compelling case study. We develop three models (M1, M2, and M3), each incorporating variations in geometry and shear wall configurations (T-shaped, L-shaped, and I-shaped). These models are rigorously analyzed using ETABS software to evaluate key structural responses, including lateral displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear forces. The results reveal that M3 exhibits the lowest base shear, at 24,961.46 kN, 7.582% lower than the existing model (M1). The lowest lateral displacements and inter-story drifts are observed in the x-direction for M2 (26.308 mm displacement, 10.061 mm drift) and in the y-direction for M3 (26.115 mm displacement, 9.339 mm drift). Additionally, the lowest drift ratio occurs on the first floor of M3, measuring 0.110% in the x-direction and 0.115% in the y-direction. These findings underscore the substantial impact of geometric variations and shear wall configurations on the structural response, providing valuable insights into optimizing irregular building designs to enhance seismic performance.
Analysis of Trip Generation Modeling in The Higher Education Area: A Case Study of UNISSULA, Semarang City
Semarang City, the capital of Central Java Province, has various activities, one of which is higher education. The location of higher education activities on main roads can increase road service (LOS). This study aims to model the number of trips to UNISSULA and alternative routes in the event of a flood. This study uses quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis. One dependent variable and eight independent variables will be modeled using SPSS 26—the number of respondents representing the movement of 398 people. Based on the analysis results, the LOS level of UNISSULA Road on weekdays is 0.22 for attraction and 0.21 for generation. Then, on weekends, the LOS level of UNISSULA Road is 0.16 for attraction and 0.16 for generation. In the Jalan Raya Kaligawe section, the LOS value is 0.50 on weekdays and 0.55 on weekends. The resulting regression model is Y weekday pull = 752.624 + 3.138X1 + 7.418X2, Y weekday generation = 3728.412-4.635X1-8.075X2, Y weekend pull = 270.00 + 3.117X1 + 5.979X2, and Y weekend generation = 2493.733-2.841X1-4.938X2. The resulting model can be used by urban planners and policymakers to optimize traffic management and reduce congestion in the UNISSULA area. The traffic management strategies that can be applied to the resulting model include optimizing public transport use, encouraging shared vehicles, developing pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, travel time management, and increasing the capacity of alternative roads.
Effectiveness Study of Twin Tunnel Nanjung in Flood Management of Citarum River
Indonesia has a high risk of natural disasters such as flooding, which particularly affects the West Java region. Floods often occur due to high flow rates that exceed the capacity of water bodies, triggered by rainfall and population growth. Based on the data collected, floods hit Dayeuhkolot, Bojongsoang and Baleendah Subdistricts with water levels between 40 - 200 cm which resulted in 919 households with 3,577 people displaced. Flood control can basically be done in various ways, but it needs to consider the whole system and find the most optimal one. To reduce flooding around the Upper Citarum, the Nanjung Twin Tunnels were built. Therefore, researchers are interested in further reviewing the performance and effectiveness of the Nanjung Twin Tunnel for the handling of the Upper Citarum. This research uses descriptive method with HEC-RAS v6.5 software modeling approach with 2D method. From the modeling results, it was found that after the installation of Twin Tunnel Nanjung, the flood inundation area was reduced by 64% from 13.44 km2 to 4.8 km2 and the depth was reduced by 2-3 m on average at 5 points in Dayeuhkolot area.
Analysis of Bed Load in Cibanjaran River, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java
Cibanjaran River is one of the rivers located in the Galunggung Mountain area, with abundant sand sources, so there is sand mining. Cibanjaran River experiences the impact of mining, one of which is sedimentation. This study aims to determine the mass and mass distribution of bed load of Cibanjaran River from upstream to downstream. It also analyzes the gradation of basic sediments, sediment transport with the Schoklitsch method (1935), and simulations using HEC-RAS 6.5 software. Based on the results of the study, the upstream bottom sediment is poorly graded gravel with sand, the middle is well-graded sand with gravel, and the downstream is poorly graded gravel with sand. It has a specific gravity of 2.75 - 2.8. The mass transport of bottom sediment using the Schoklitsch calculation method is upstream 22,383.53 tons/day, middle 7,844.56 tons/day, and downstream 10,561.30 tons/day. While the results of the HEC-RAS 6.5 simulation produced a mass of sediment transport in the upstream Sta. 10833, which is 26,217.41 tons/day, in the middle of Sta. 6399 is 4,502.31 tons/day, and downstream Sta. 13 is 10,517.47 tons/day. The results of calculations and simulations can be a reference in strategic planning to mitigate the impact of sedimentation, so it is necessary to control mining activities and optimize sediment control infrastructure to maintain the sustainability of the river ecosystem and minimize negative impacts on surrounding communities.
Stabilization of Soft Soil with Rice Husk Ash on CBR Bearing Capacity and Soil Shear Strength Parameters
Bekasi Regency generally has an area with soft clay soil conditions, recognized as problematic soil known as expansive clay. As large-scale construction continues in the region, geotechnical issues associated with these expansive soils have become a concern. Stabilizing with additives increased the soil’s bearing capacity and shear strength. The addition of agricultural waste material, rice husk ash (RHA), is intended to improve the soil through a pozzolanic reaction. This study examines soft soil's bearing capacity and shear strength value with 5%, 10%, and 15% rice husk ash. Index properties tests comprising water content, specific gravity, grain size analysis, and Atterberg limits. Engineering properties tests comprising proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and UU Triaxial. The samples cured for two days before compaction and seven days after compaction. The test results indicated that the soil was classified as CH according to USCS and A-7-6 according to AASHTO. The highest CBR and Triaxial UU test results were found with an RHA content of 15%. CBR increased by 86.44% from 4.919% to 9.172%. Cohesion value increased by 90.31% from 0.185 kg/cm2 to 0.352 kg/cm2. This study indicates that RHA could increase bearing capacity and shear strength in soil stabilization.
Effect of Geogrid Layer on Sand and Clay Soil Deformation Under The Site Foundation
Two things must be evaluated when planning a shallow foundation: sufficient bearing capacity and non-excessive settlement. In theory, foundation-bearing capacity analysis is based on Terzaghi or Meyerhoff's theory. Terzaghi's theory assumes that the soil under the foundation is uniform to an infinite depth and has sufficient strength to withstand the applied load (Gofar & Kassim, 2007). In reality, the soil beneath the foundation does not always have adequate bearing capacity, which results in excessive settlement (Shahin et al., 2017). Soil replacement using good quality soil is commonly used to improve the bearing capacity of soft soils in a particular location. Many soil improvement methods have been used, including soil compaction, additives, hydraulic methods such as PVD installation, and inclusion methods. Another alternative is to install a layer of geotextile or geogrid under the foundation to increase bearing capacity and reduce deformation. Several studies on improving soil bearing capacity under footing foundations show a significant increase in bearing capacity due to installing geotextile or geogrid layers at a certain distance under the footing foundation. This research uses a numerical method where the analysis is carried out on a hypothetical model with a geometry comparison that matches the laboratory-scale model research conducted by Ambhita (2020). Numerical analysis was performed using SIGMA/W (Geoslope International, 2018). The results showed that the foundation settlement on the medium clay layer without geogrid reinforcement was more significant than on the sand layer with geogrid reinforcement. Using geogrid layers increases the stiffness of the soil so that the deformation (settlement) is more minor, and the placement pattern of the geogrid layer affects the deformation that occurs.
Rainfall Duration’s Impact on Mining Earthmoving Equipment Performance – Case Study at PT. BUMA GEO-AJE, South Kalimantan
This study investigates the impact of rainfall duration on the performance of earthmoving equipment at PT BUMA, GEO-AJE, South Kalimantan. Data from April 2023 covering 29 days were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Origin 2024. The study revealed a 7.06637% decrease in excavator and dump truck efficiency per hour of rainfall. Cycle times were increased by 0.15122 minutes for excavators and 4.50034 minutes for dump trucks per hour of rain. Moreover, excavator productivity declined by 1138.82900 bcm/day and dump truck productivity by 176.21836 bcm/day. These results highlight the necessity of accounting for rainfall in mining operations, especially in productivity forecasts and equipment management.
The Effect of Bentonite Powder as a Filler on HRS-WC Asphalt Performance
Wearing Course Lataston (HRS-WC) is a type of flexible pavement with durable and good durability and flexibility. The constituent materials of HRS-WC asphalt consist of aggregate, asphalt, and filler. Bentonite powder is an active chemical filler material with superior swelling ability, ion exchange properties, and large surface area. It quickly absorbs water to form a thick suspension. This research aims to determine and determine the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC), optimum filler content, comparison of the percentage value of increase or decrease in Marshall test parameters, and the effect of adding bentonite powder filler to HRS-WC Asphalt on asphalt performance according to the General Specifications for Bina Marga Year 2018 Revision 2. Based on the research results on Marshall characteristics, the KAO value was obtained at 7.5%, and the optimum filler content value was 1.90%. The addition of bentonite filler shows changes in the characteristics of HRS-WC asphalt, namely an increase in stability, Marshall Quotient, and VFA, as well as a decrease in flow, VIM, and VMA. So, the effect of adding bentonite filler to HRS-WC asphalt can increase density, reduce the number of voids, fill voids between aggregates, and be able to bind asphalt to the asphalt mixture. However, the excessive addition of bentonite powder as a filler can reduce the flow value and make the asphalt mixture harder and stiffer.
Identification of Sustainable Contractor Supply Chain Patterns in Tasikmalaya City
The current supply chain is not just an activity but has moved towards effectiveness and efficiency of performance called the sustainable supply chain. With the threat of inefficiency, construction service business actors are expected to be able to manage the supply chain of their respective businesses. Specifically for the construction industry in Tasikmalaya City to manage the construction supply chain, this study was conducted with the title Identification of Sustainable Construction Supply Chain Patterns in Projects in Tasikmalaya City. This study aims to identify the supply chain system patterns of construction service companies, especially contractors, and what development patterns can be carried out by construction service companies to increase the competitiveness of construction service businesses in Indonesia through literature reviews and case studies on contractor companies in Tasikmalaya. This research method uses descriptive microanalysis from the results of semi-structured interviews. Data collection will be collected by direct interviews with construction project owners or managers in their respective projects. Based on the results of descriptive analysis of the information obtained, a general model is compiled that describes how the supply chain system pattern is carried out. The preparation of the supply chain pattern resulting from the identification will refer to the pattern developed by Susilawati in previous research, where the supply chain pattern has a relationship from the owner to the lowest subcontractor. This study identified three supply chain patterns where the pattern has a maximum of 4 tiers, and the selection of the supply chain pattern is based on the type of project being worked on and the company's ability to manage the project. The critical points for building an integrated supply chain are knowing the value desired by the client, building long-term relationships with suppliers, integrating activities, collaborating to manage costs, developing continuous improvement, and mobilizing and developing human resources.