Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jtsp MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan (JTSP) is a scientific journal which biannualy published in April and October. We firstly published in 1999 as national journal of Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang. In 2016, JTSP was indexed in DOAJ with Green Tick critera. And in 2018, JTSP expands its range of article quality and publication through publishing English-language articles. SINTA | GARUDA | DIMENSION | DOAJ
Compressive Strength and Damage Simulation of Type V Cement-Based Concrete with GGBFS Addition
The durability of concrete structures in marine environments is often compromised by exposure to aggressive chemical agents. Although Type V cement is designed for high sulphate resistance, it remains susceptible to chloride penetration and magnesium-induced softening. This study investigates the mechanical performance of Type V cement-based concrete modified with GGBFS under simulated marine conditions. Specimens with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% GGBFS replacement were cast and cured in synthetic seawater for 7, 14, and 28 days before a compressive strength test. Experimental results showed that 2% GGBFS addition yielded the highest compressive strength of 48.12 MPa, which outperformed the regular concrete (42.32 MPa) at 28 days. Numerical simulations using the Mazars damage model in Cast3M were conducted to complement experimental findings, with mesh densities between 16 and 32 sides. Both experimental and modeling results were compared to BS EN 12390-3:2009 standards to categorize damage patterns. The analysis demonstrated that concrete with 2% dan 4% GGBFS exhibited satisfactory damage behaviour, while 0% and 6% GGBFS mixtures were classified as unsatisfactory. Further, the 16-sided mesh configuration generated damage patterns comparable to 2% and 4% GGBFS specimens, whereas the 32-sided mesh closely aligned with damage characteristics of 0% and 6% GGBFS concrete. This study highlights a novel experimental-numerical framework for optimizing GGBFS levels in marine conditions, demonstrating that integrated approaches effectively enhance performance evaluation and durability assessment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Performance Index-Based Multi-Criteria Optimization of GGBFS Replacement in Concrete for Enhanced Strength, Durability, and Sustainability
Using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has emerged as a sustainable alternative in concrete production, offering notable improvements in durability and long-term strength. However, identifying the optimal replacement level that balances mechanical performance, durability, and sustainability remains challenging. This study addresses this gap by critically reviewing sixteen peer-reviewed studies conducted between 2006 and 2025, the broadest dataset yet applied in a performance index (PI)-based evaluation. A PI was developed to normalize and compare diverse mechanical and durability parameters, integrating them into a multi-criteria framework. The PI was further evaluated under three practical weightings: Balanced (50/50), Durability-prioritized (60/40), and Strength-prioritized (40/60). Results indicate that a 40% GGBFS replacement delivers the highest composite performance under balanced criteria, 20% is optimal for strength-driven applications, and 60–70% provides superior durability in aggressive environments, especially when activation or enhanced curing is applied. This study demonstrates the practical utility of an integrated PI approach for sustainable concrete design.
Analysis of Vegetation Diversity and Emission Absorption Sufficiency on the Pandaan-Malang Green Toll Road
Green corridors on toll roads are a natural strategy designed to reduce transportation emissions while maintaining the ecological function of the area. This study aims to assess the ability of vegetation to absorb carbon along the Pandaan–Malang Green Toll Road by comparing the total emissions produced by passing vehicles. The method employed is a quantitative descriptive approach with a bottom-up methodology to calculate carbon emissions and estimate CO₂ absorption, utilizing existing vegetation data. The research data revealed that the total annual emissions reached 63.32 million kg, while the total vegetation absorption was only 51.08 million kg or 19.33%, resulting in a deficit of 12.24 million kg (80.67%). Trembesi trees dominate, contributing around 90% of the total absorption, but dependence on this monoculture poses ecological risks due to pest attacks and climate pressure. Therefore, a species diversification strategy that focuses on zoning and strengthening technical regulations on green belts is needed. The policy implications aim to transform green highways from aesthetic elements into sustainable ecological infrastructure that actively functions in climate change mitigation and improves ecosystem service quality.
Seismic Stiffness Evaluation of RC Dual Systems in Varying Geometries: A Pushover-Based Study Using Indonesian Codes
This study evaluates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) dual systems that combine moment-resisting frames with shear walls, using nonlinear pushover analysis in accordance with Indonesian seismic design codes (SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019). A total of 32 analytical models were developed to examine the influence of four critical parameters: story height (3–10 stories), span length (5.5–6.5 m), shear wall thickness (200–250 mm), and concrete compressive strength (20–25 MPa). The elastic stiffness factor was determined as the base shear ratio to roof displacement at the onset of first hinge formation. In contrast, base shear capacity was derived from the pushover curves. Results show that geometric parameters exert the most decisive influence on seismic response, with stiffness decreasing by more than 50 percent as story height increases and by approximately 8 percent with longer spans. Material enhancements provide only modest gains of 2 to 7 percent. These findings emphasize the dominant role of structural configuration in drift control and ductility demand, offering practical recommendations for optimizing RC dual systems under Indonesian codes and improving the resilience of mid- to high-rise buildings in seismic regions.
Impact of River Infrastructure on Sediment Distribution to Maintain Reservoir Lifespan: A Case of the Bili-Bili Reservoir, Jeneberang Basin, Indonesia
This study investigates the impact of river infrastructure on sediment distribution in the Bili-Bili Reservoir. Bathymetric data obtained using an echo-sounding sonar system were processed with Surfer 14 to analyze reservoir bottom morphology, storage capacity, and sediment accumulation. Hydrological modeling with NRECA calibration was combined with field measurements to estimate sediment inflow and storage loss. Results show cumulative sedimentation increased by 42% (1997–2005), 33% (2005–2011), and 25% (2011–2017), with a peak deposition of 21.74 × 10⁶ m³ in 2005. Following the construction of sabo dams, consolidation dams, and check dams in 2011, sedimentation rates decreased by 57% relative to 2005. Reservoir capacity declined from 365 × 10⁶ m³ in 1997 to 264 × 10⁶ m³ in 2017, reducing the effective service life by approximately 6.5 years. The remaining lifespan of the reservoir in 2017 was 24 years and 4 months, compared to the original design life. These findings emphasize that periodic dredging (every four years), monthly sediment removal at the consolidation dam, and sediment trapping in the Jeneberang watershed are essential to sustain reservoir performance.
Analysis of Flood Discharge in the Balangan Sub-Watershed Using HEC-HMS
Flooding poses significant challenges, especially in areas with rapid urban development, such as Balangan Regency, South Kalimantan. This study analyzes the hydrological conditions contributing to floods in the Balangan River watershed using the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System). The research employs secondary data, including rainfall data from GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation), watershed delineation from DEMNAS, and soil type data from Google Earth Engine. Precipitation data spanning 20 years (2003–2022) were analyzed using the Thiessen Polygon Method and statistical tests such as chi-square and Smirnov-Kolmogorov for distribution fitting. Hydrological modeling was conducted using the SCS Curve Number method integrated into HEC-HMS to estimate flood discharges for various return periods. The results indicate peak discharges of 2,916.8 m³/s, 4,309.7 m³/s, 5,590.8 m³/s, 7,288.5 m³/s, 9,625.8 m³/s, and 11,943.4 m³/s for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years, respectively. These findings highlight the critical impact of land cover, soil characteristics, and rainfall patterns on flood risks. The study underscores the importance of incorporating hydrological modeling tools like HEC-HMS for effective flood risk management and planning in the region.
Application of The Building Infill Concept in New Buildingswithin the Historic Semarang Old Town Area
The Old City of Semarang, as a national-level cultural heritage site, has inherited its function as a cultural center with unique architecture and urban layout that has remained. Over time, the development of the economy and high tourism demands exert significant pressure on the city's heritage. New functions with their commercialism often lead to inappropriate new buildings that potentially threaten the historic area's authenticity. Applying the infill building concept becomes a conservation solution that emphasizes optimizing vacant spaces in well-developed urban areas, including historic areas. Research has been conducted on several new buildings in the Semarang Old City that have changed in function and physical appearance. This research aims to analyze the existing conditions of new buildings and examine how infill development can be applied to structures in historical areas without damaging the architectural characteristics. The method employed includes descriptive analysis of observed objects by observing buildings, analyzed based on elements within the building infill approach. The results indicate that applying infill building in new constructions in the Old Town area requires a sensitive design approach, considering several elements, including mass, height, material color, ornamentation, and harmonious integration with the surrounding historical buildings. Additionally, it is suggested to the government that this research can initiate more detailed policies and active supervision regarding the construction of new buildings to maintain their authenticity. In conclusion, building infill can be an effective solution to support the economic development of historical areas without compromising cultural heritage, provided it is carried out with proper planning and regulations.
Repetitive Construction Scheduling Using Line of Balance (Case Study: One of the 6-Storey Polyclinic Building Construction Project in Batang Regency)
Repetitive work is often encountered by contractors, so effective planning is needed so that the project can achieve its goals within the set time limit. One aspect of planning is project scheduling, which is a method that is used in construction work. One of the scheduling methods suitable for repetitive construction is a line of balance. Therefore, this research was conducted using the line of balance method on a repetitive multi-story building project to find out whether the line of balance can properly organize project implementation. The results of the analysis and calculations that have been carried out obtained the duration required to complete the construction project of the 6-story polyclinic building for 274 days. The schedule in the project plan takes 308 days to complete the project. By comparing the effectiveness of the time whose duration is at odds with 34 days, the schedule plan using the line of balance method is more effective and efficient in completing the construction project of the 6-story polyclinic building in Batang Regency.
Optimization of Vehicle Queue Length Using PTV Vissim at Talang Buluh Intersection, Banyuasin Regency
Traffic congestion is a common issue in developing metropolitan areas, impacting both economically and socially. Long vehicle queues result in delays for many vehicles, which increases travel time and contributes to deteriorating air quality due to emissions from motor vehicles at intersections. One of the influencing factors is the non-optimization of intersections due to delays. Previous studies commonly use the Highway Capacity Manual Indonesia, 2023, to analyze intersection optimization. However, this study will utilize PTV Vissim software. In planning the intersection, some factors must be considered, such as capacity, density, speed, and type. An average daily traffic survey and a road geometric survey will be conducted in the field survey. The analysis will be performed using PTV Vissim software to optimize the 3 (Three) Talang Buluh intersection in Banyuasin Regency by examining the impact of vehicle queue length and evaluating policies for improving traffic management. According to the analysis results, the data from the First Scenario shows that the maximum vehicle queue length reaches 124.02 meters, with an average delay of 18.75 seconds from the Palembang direction. In the second scenario, installing traffic signal control devices increased the queue length to 287.95 meters from the Betung direction, with the most extended delay reaching 129.52 seconds. The third scenario, which involved geometric changes at the intersection, successfully reduced the vehicle queue length to just 47.70 meters from the Palembang City direction. Additionally, the most extended delay recorded was only 11.59 seconds, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach, though it is costly and unsuitable for short-term use. Overall, Scenario 1 can serve as a short-term solution for intersection optimization. However, if road widening improvements are feasible, Scenario 3 is the optimal solution for enhancing traffic efficiency and effectiveness, significantly reducing vehicle queues and delays. This is crucial for implementing long-term traffic management strategies at the Talang Buluh Intersection in Banyuasin Regency.
Concrete Brick Wasted Material Substitution Performance: Role of Fly Ash, Mixture Composition, and Compressive Strength
The optimization of wasted materials, especially local fly ash, provides space to be used as a construction material with the potential to partially replace cement without reducing the mechanical strength of concrete bricks to a proportion of 20%. Using waste materials like fly ash will provide economic value, environmental sustainability, and strength and durability. A mixture of local sand, PCC cement, and fly ash material is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Concrete bricks or commonly called paving blocks are products with sand, water, and cement compositions, as well as waste materials, the installation and maintenance of concrete bricks is very easy and can be formed with various variations that provide aesthetic aspects, the mechanical parameters of concrete bricks are 3, 14, and 28 days old compressive strength tests with a total of 75 samples with a quality classification D. Weight ratio 1:4 cement, sand and cement water 0.58. The weight of the cement determines the amount of fly ash. The performance of fly ash waste-substitution concrete bricks by 10% produced a quality of 11,674 MPa in 28 days.
Analysis of Transportation Mode Choice for Commuting To Campus (Case Study: Undergraduate and Graduate Students of the Faculty of Engineering Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta)
The parking lot density at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), reflects students' high use of motor vehicles. Various factors, including demographic characteristics, travel patterns, and the availability and limitations of public transportation infrastructure, influence this. However, no specific research has analyzed students' transportation mode choices at the Faculty of Engineering UMY and their impact on the campus parking capacity. This study aims to describe students' demographic and travel characteristics and analyze the parking capacity at the Faculty of Engineering UMY. The methods used were descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation analysis by distributing questionnaires to 98 respondents. The results show that most respondents are male, within the age range of 19-23 years. Most students have an income higher than the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), enabling them to own a private vehicle or pay for transportation costs. The primary transportation mode used by students is motorcycles. Private motorcycles dominate the transportation choice due to their efficiency for short trips (0-15 minutes or 1-7 km). Parking capacity analysis shows that the parking capacity for two-wheeled vehicles at the Faculty of Engineering UMY has exceeded its capacity with a saturation rate 1.21 during peak hours. Meanwhile, the parking facility or four-wheeled vehicles has reached 100%, with a saturation rate of 1, indicating that it is complete but has not exceeded capacity during peak hours. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the choice of transportation mode for students at the Faculty of Engineering UMY is dominated by private vehicles, particularly motorcycles. This condition results in high parking saturation, which calls for transportation management strategies such as improving public transportation accessibility, regulating private vehicle usage policies, and optimizing parking spaces.
The Coastal Abrasion Mitigation Using Permeable Structure at The Sipora Island
Abrasion is the beach erosion process due to destructive waves and currents, which are sometimes difficult to handle. The abrasion is caused by current, tidal, wind, and the earthquake and tsunami, 2010. Sipora Island is a world tourist destination for snorkeling, diving, and surfing. This research was conducted to mitigate abrasion at Sipora using a submerged permeable structure. The method is a quantitative analysis using permeable structure, WQC TOAA, current meter, and sediment trap. The field survey was conducted in August and October 2020 using purposive sampling at Kampung Dusun, Tua Pejat, The Sipora Island. The results show that the permeable structure can reduce the abrasion, current, and wave pressure and increase sedimentation at Kampung Dusun. The abrasion rate is 3.73 m/year or 268 m2/year, classified as very high (CVI). Sedimentation is created behind the permeable structure, whose rate is 9.389 cm3/day, sea current is 0.02-0.08 m/s (reduced till 50%), and wave pressure is 0.375 KN/m2 (decreased 62.5%). For seawater quality, the pH and turbidity are increased; TDS and salinity are relatively stable at some points, but the pH and temperature of the dissolved oxygen are decreased. The permeable structure can reduce abrasion and create sedimentation at Kampung Dusun, Sipora.
Analysis of the Impact of PPE Implementation on Occupational Safety and Health on Construction(Case Study: 4-Storey Residential Building Project)
Project construction can be risky for workers if Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is improper and correctly used. Complex construction projects are typically carried out in large cities like Surabaya. Usually, these projects involve contract workers with varying knowledge and awareness regarding PPE use. This study aims to analyze the level of work accident risk in a four-story house project undertaken by PT. Surya Andalan Bina Perkasa in Surabaya. The research method used was quantitative, with data collection techniques using questionnaires distributed to 30 samples. Data analysis techniques were carried out using simple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The study results show the risk level of work accidents in the four-story residential project carried out by PT. Surya Andalan Bina Perkasa is quite low. Types of work accidents with low risk include shortness of breath due to dust, head impacts, injuries from falls from heights, muscle and bone injuries caused by falling materials, hearing loss due to noise, and electric shocks. Types of risks in the low-medium category include irritation due to dust or wood shavings, minor foot injuries, hand injuries, body parts being struck by sharp objects, and accidents caused by heavy equipment. The level of worker compliance with PPE use is still low, as evidenced by 70% of workers being non-compliant and 30% being somewhat compliant in using PPE while working. The study results also show an impact of PPE implementation on occupational health and safety, evidenced by a correlation value of 24.9%. The significance of the hypothesis test is 0.005, and the determination value is 25.3%, indicating that the impact of PPE implementation on occupational health and safety is insignificant, as it only increases occupational health and safety by 25.3%.
The Impact of The Wage System on Estimating Construction Worker Productivity
A construction project's productivity significantly depends on its workforce's efficiency. This study examines the effect of different wage systems—daily wage and piece-rate (borongan) systems—on the productivity of construction workers, using a neural network model for analysis. Data were collected from workers at the ESP-Control Building Project of PLTU Units 9 & 10 through field observations and questionnaires. Productivity was assessed via the Work Sampling method, while SPSS software was employed to analyze key factors influencing worker performance. The results show that the piece-rate system is more effective in enhancing productivity than the daily wage system, as indicated by higher Labour Utilization Rates (LUR). A neural network model developed for productivity estimation achieved high accuracy, with R² values of 0.815 for the daily wage system and 0.817 for the piece-rate system. Practically, these findings can help project managers improve scheduling efficiency, minimize idle time, and reduce labor costs by adopting an appropriate wage system.
Intercropping House of Wonosobo, A Form of Conservative Architectural Locality
Highland areas are usually identical to agricultural areas, with abundant produce in the form of vegetables. On the other hand, the community's view of the highland area is considered insufficient in meeting the need for fresh fish, considering its distance from the sea. One of the highlands in Central Java Province that is quite widely known is Wonosobo Regency, where one of the areas has the potential to be a tourist area, namely the Dieng Plateau. If seen from a distance, Wonosobo Regency is quite far from the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean; besides being a highland area, its location is in the middle of Central Java Province. As a highland area, Wonosobo Regency differs from other hilly environments, especially in managing water resources in its residential areas. The management of water resources ultimately fosters a conservative environmental architectural design. The research aims to reveal how the process of forming settlements with wise and regenerative architectural design harmonizes the environment. An exploratory qualitative research method is used to answer the research objectives. The research location is in several neighborhoods in Wonosobo Regency, around the bottom of the Dieng plateau. The results of the study show that the design of residential houses in several residential areas of Wonosobo Regency uses the method of intercropping in the "back area," which is distinguished between the water source and the remnants of Bathing, Washing, Toilet (MCK) activities. Architectural design is a form of normative local wisdom passed down from generation to generation by the next generation so that the preservation of the "intercropping house of Wonosobo" runs well. In addition to the design of the house, each water distribution channel (water source and toilet residue) that crosses the settlement is also neatly arranged so that it can be well maintained without damaging the environment. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the design of houses and settlements in Wonosobo Regency is a form of conservative architectural locality.
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Structural Response of Irregular Buildings: Influence of Geometry and Shear Wall Configurations
This paper delves into the structural response of irregular buildings, specifically focusing on the influence of geometry and shear wall configurations. Irregular buildings, with their intricate geometries and diverse structural elements, present unique design challenges, necessitating a thorough performance evaluation. Our study conducts a comparative analysis to gauge the impact of various geometric layouts and shear wall arrangements on structural behavior under seismic loading. A nine-story irregular building in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is a compelling case study. We develop three models (M1, M2, and M3), each incorporating variations in geometry and shear wall configurations (T-shaped, L-shaped, and I-shaped). These models are rigorously analyzed using ETABS software to evaluate key structural responses, including lateral displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear forces. The results reveal that M3 exhibits the lowest base shear, at 24,961.46 kN, 7.582% lower than the existing model (M1). The lowest lateral displacements and inter-story drifts are observed in the x-direction for M2 (26.308 mm displacement, 10.061 mm drift) and in the y-direction for M3 (26.115 mm displacement, 9.339 mm drift). Additionally, the lowest drift ratio occurs on the first floor of M3, measuring 0.110% in the x-direction and 0.115% in the y-direction. These findings underscore the substantial impact of geometric variations and shear wall configurations on the structural response, providing valuable insights into optimizing irregular building designs to enhance seismic performance.
Analysis of Trip Generation Modeling in The Higher Education Area: A Case Study of UNISSULA, Semarang City
Semarang City, the capital of Central Java Province, has various activities, one of which is higher education. The location of higher education activities on main roads can increase road service (LOS). This study aims to model the number of trips to UNISSULA and alternative routes in the event of a flood. This study uses quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis. One dependent variable and eight independent variables will be modeled using SPSS 26—the number of respondents representing the movement of 398 people. Based on the analysis results, the LOS level of UNISSULA Road on weekdays is 0.22 for attraction and 0.21 for generation. Then, on weekends, the LOS level of UNISSULA Road is 0.16 for attraction and 0.16 for generation. In the Jalan Raya Kaligawe section, the LOS value is 0.50 on weekdays and 0.55 on weekends. The resulting regression model is Y weekday pull = 752.624 + 3.138X1 + 7.418X2, Y weekday generation = 3728.412-4.635X1-8.075X2, Y weekend pull = 270.00 + 3.117X1 + 5.979X2, and Y weekend generation = 2493.733-2.841X1-4.938X2. The resulting model can be used by urban planners and policymakers to optimize traffic management and reduce congestion in the UNISSULA area. The traffic management strategies that can be applied to the resulting model include optimizing public transport use, encouraging shared vehicles, developing pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, travel time management, and increasing the capacity of alternative roads.
Effectiveness Study of Twin Tunnel Nanjung in Flood Management of Citarum River
Indonesia has a high risk of natural disasters such as flooding, which particularly affects the West Java region. Floods often occur due to high flow rates that exceed the capacity of water bodies, triggered by rainfall and population growth. Based on the data collected, floods hit Dayeuhkolot, Bojongsoang and Baleendah Subdistricts with water levels between 40 - 200 cm which resulted in 919 households with 3,577 people displaced. Flood control can basically be done in various ways, but it needs to consider the whole system and find the most optimal one. To reduce flooding around the Upper Citarum, the Nanjung Twin Tunnels were built. Therefore, researchers are interested in further reviewing the performance and effectiveness of the Nanjung Twin Tunnel for the handling of the Upper Citarum. This research uses descriptive method with HEC-RAS v6.5 software modeling approach with 2D method. From the modeling results, it was found that after the installation of Twin Tunnel Nanjung, the flood inundation area was reduced by 64% from 13.44 km2 to 4.8 km2 and the depth was reduced by 2-3 m on average at 5 points in Dayeuhkolot area.
Analysis of Bed Load in Cibanjaran River, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java
Cibanjaran River is one of the rivers located in the Galunggung Mountain area, with abundant sand sources, so there is sand mining. Cibanjaran River experiences the impact of mining, one of which is sedimentation. This study aims to determine the mass and mass distribution of bed load of Cibanjaran River from upstream to downstream. It also analyzes the gradation of basic sediments, sediment transport with the Schoklitsch method (1935), and simulations using HEC-RAS 6.5 software. Based on the results of the study, the upstream bottom sediment is poorly graded gravel with sand, the middle is well-graded sand with gravel, and the downstream is poorly graded gravel with sand. It has a specific gravity of 2.75 - 2.8. The mass transport of bottom sediment using the Schoklitsch calculation method is upstream 22,383.53 tons/day, middle 7,844.56 tons/day, and downstream 10,561.30 tons/day. While the results of the HEC-RAS 6.5 simulation produced a mass of sediment transport in the upstream Sta. 10833, which is 26,217.41 tons/day, in the middle of Sta. 6399 is 4,502.31 tons/day, and downstream Sta. 13 is 10,517.47 tons/day. The results of calculations and simulations can be a reference in strategic planning to mitigate the impact of sedimentation, so it is necessary to control mining activities and optimize sediment control infrastructure to maintain the sustainability of the river ecosystem and minimize negative impacts on surrounding communities.
Stabilization of Soft Soil with Rice Husk Ash on CBR Bearing Capacity and Soil Shear Strength Parameters
Bekasi Regency generally has an area with soft clay soil conditions, recognized as problematic soil known as expansive clay. As large-scale construction continues in the region, geotechnical issues associated with these expansive soils have become a concern. Stabilizing with additives increased the soil’s bearing capacity and shear strength. The addition of agricultural waste material, rice husk ash (RHA), is intended to improve the soil through a pozzolanic reaction. This study examines soft soil's bearing capacity and shear strength value with 5%, 10%, and 15% rice husk ash. Index properties tests comprising water content, specific gravity, grain size analysis, and Atterberg limits. Engineering properties tests comprising proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and UU Triaxial. The samples cured for two days before compaction and seven days after compaction. The test results indicated that the soil was classified as CH according to USCS and A-7-6 according to AASHTO. The highest CBR and Triaxial UU test results were found with an RHA content of 15%. CBR increased by 86.44% from 4.919% to 9.172%. Cohesion value increased by 90.31% from 0.185 kg/cm2 to 0.352 kg/cm2. This study indicates that RHA could increase bearing capacity and shear strength in soil stabilization.
Effect of Geogrid Layer on Sand and Clay Soil Deformation Under The Site Foundation
Two things must be evaluated when planning a shallow foundation: sufficient bearing capacity and non-excessive settlement. In theory, foundation-bearing capacity analysis is based on Terzaghi or Meyerhoff's theory. Terzaghi's theory assumes that the soil under the foundation is uniform to an infinite depth and has sufficient strength to withstand the applied load (Gofar & Kassim, 2007). In reality, the soil beneath the foundation does not always have adequate bearing capacity, which results in excessive settlement (Shahin et al., 2017). Soil replacement using good quality soil is commonly used to improve the bearing capacity of soft soils in a particular location. Many soil improvement methods have been used, including soil compaction, additives, hydraulic methods such as PVD installation, and inclusion methods. Another alternative is to install a layer of geotextile or geogrid under the foundation to increase bearing capacity and reduce deformation. Several studies on improving soil bearing capacity under footing foundations show a significant increase in bearing capacity due to installing geotextile or geogrid layers at a certain distance under the footing foundation. This research uses a numerical method where the analysis is carried out on a hypothetical model with a geometry comparison that matches the laboratory-scale model research conducted by Ambhita (2020). Numerical analysis was performed using SIGMA/W (Geoslope International, 2018). The results showed that the foundation settlement on the medium clay layer without geogrid reinforcement was more significant than on the sand layer with geogrid reinforcement. Using geogrid layers increases the stiffness of the soil so that the deformation (settlement) is more minor, and the placement pattern of the geogrid layer affects the deformation that occurs.
Rainfall Duration’s Impact on Mining Earthmoving Equipment Performance – Case Study at PT. BUMA GEO-AJE, South Kalimantan
This study investigates the impact of rainfall duration on the performance of earthmoving equipment at PT BUMA, GEO-AJE, South Kalimantan. Data from April 2023 covering 29 days were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Origin 2024. The study revealed a 7.06637% decrease in excavator and dump truck efficiency per hour of rainfall. Cycle times were increased by 0.15122 minutes for excavators and 4.50034 minutes for dump trucks per hour of rain. Moreover, excavator productivity declined by 1138.82900 bcm/day and dump truck productivity by 176.21836 bcm/day. These results highlight the necessity of accounting for rainfall in mining operations, especially in productivity forecasts and equipment management.
The Effect of Bentonite Powder as a Filler on HRS-WC Asphalt Performance
Wearing Course Lataston (HRS-WC) is a type of flexible pavement with durable and good durability and flexibility. The constituent materials of HRS-WC asphalt consist of aggregate, asphalt, and filler. Bentonite powder is an active chemical filler material with superior swelling ability, ion exchange properties, and large surface area. It quickly absorbs water to form a thick suspension. This research aims to determine and determine the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC), optimum filler content, comparison of the percentage value of increase or decrease in Marshall test parameters, and the effect of adding bentonite powder filler to HRS-WC Asphalt on asphalt performance according to the General Specifications for Bina Marga Year 2018 Revision 2. Based on the research results on Marshall characteristics, the KAO value was obtained at 7.5%, and the optimum filler content value was 1.90%. The addition of bentonite filler shows changes in the characteristics of HRS-WC asphalt, namely an increase in stability, Marshall Quotient, and VFA, as well as a decrease in flow, VIM, and VMA. So, the effect of adding bentonite filler to HRS-WC asphalt can increase density, reduce the number of voids, fill voids between aggregates, and be able to bind asphalt to the asphalt mixture. However, the excessive addition of bentonite powder as a filler can reduce the flow value and make the asphalt mixture harder and stiffer.
Identification of Sustainable Contractor Supply Chain Patterns in Tasikmalaya City
The current supply chain is not just an activity but has moved towards effectiveness and efficiency of performance called the sustainable supply chain. With the threat of inefficiency, construction service business actors are expected to be able to manage the supply chain of their respective businesses. Specifically for the construction industry in Tasikmalaya City to manage the construction supply chain, this study was conducted with the title Identification of Sustainable Construction Supply Chain Patterns in Projects in Tasikmalaya City. This study aims to identify the supply chain system patterns of construction service companies, especially contractors, and what development patterns can be carried out by construction service companies to increase the competitiveness of construction service businesses in Indonesia through literature reviews and case studies on contractor companies in Tasikmalaya. This research method uses descriptive microanalysis from the results of semi-structured interviews. Data collection will be collected by direct interviews with construction project owners or managers in their respective projects. Based on the results of descriptive analysis of the information obtained, a general model is compiled that describes how the supply chain system pattern is carried out. The preparation of the supply chain pattern resulting from the identification will refer to the pattern developed by Susilawati in previous research, where the supply chain pattern has a relationship from the owner to the lowest subcontractor. This study identified three supply chain patterns where the pattern has a maximum of 4 tiers, and the selection of the supply chain pattern is based on the type of project being worked on and the company's ability to manage the project. The critical points for building an integrated supply chain are knowing the value desired by the client, building long-term relationships with suppliers, integrating activities, collaborating to manage costs, developing continuous improvement, and mobilizing and developing human resources.
Outdoor Amphitheater Planning in Mastplan Activities using Autocad 2 D and Sketchup 3 D Applications
SMK Negeri 1 Sebatik Barat is a school expected to realize SMK Agrotourism, which has a land area of about 35 Hectares. The research "Outdoor Amphitheater Planning In Mastplan Activities Using Autocad 2D And Sketchup 3D Applications” itself was developed so that the existing land can be utilized properly, which planning uses 2D (Autocad) and 3D (SketchUp) applications. The object of this research is Liang Bunyu, West Sebatik, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan. Data collection uses primary methods where data is collected directly. The results of this study indicate that SMK Negeri 1 Sebatik Barat requires an Outdoor Amphitheater design plan to support the acceleration of the realization of SMK Agrotourism quickly.
Outdoor Amphitheater, Autocad 2D, Sketchup 3D
The Flood Analysis with HEC-RAS a Case Study of Muarojambi River Basin
This study aims to determine how wide the catchment area is on the Melayu and Jambi rivers, how much the planned flood discharge is at a return period of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50 years with the Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) Analyze the water level of these rivers downstream at the planned flood discharge conditions due to backwater from the Jambi river. This also plans the cross-sectional area and length of the Jambi River as a new channel to the Batanghari River using the HECRAS model. The result shows that the Melayu River can still serve a water level of 10 for a 10-year return period and the Jambi River with a water level of 25 for a 25-year return period. However, there is a need for normalization of both rivers and disposal in a large basin located 2 km from the Melayu River. The length of the new channel section as a connection to the Batanghari River as a final water channel is 1,060 meters long, 5 meters wide at the top, 3 meters wide at the bottom of the river, with a depth of 5 m, with a channel embankment using an earthen wall.
Utilization of Rembang PLTU Coal Burning Waste for Paving Blocks Material
Accumulating coal combustion waste will negatively affect the neighborhood. Over time, more waste will be generated, which will take time. Processing methods are needed to reduce the increasing amount of coal waste. One processing method is to use ash and bottom ash as a mixture in paving. The study used paving blocks as a control sample for one cement : 3 sand. Fly ash addition variation consists of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% of the cement weight. The compressive strength test results at 28 days and 60 days of control paving blocks with a standard mixture were 17.8 MPa and 24 MPa. The compressive strength results from 0% variations are 10.9 MPa and 15.6 MPa. The 10% variation has a compressive strength of 10.5 MPa and 13.6 MPa. The 20% variation has a compressive strength of 10.25 MPa and 14.5 MPa. The variation is 30%, with compressive strength of 11.5 MPa and 14.86 MPa.
Strategy for Handling Pre-Disaster Floods Lere Sub-District Case Study
Lere Village is an area affected by flooding problems. The threat of disasters that routinely occur in Lere Village has harmed residential areas. Therefore, it is necessary to research pre-flood disaster management strategies. The research employed a qualitative approach with data collection methods based on primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was collected through field observations, documentation, and interviews with the community related to the management strategy before the flood. In contrast, secondary data is collected from the agency BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agency), which is then processed to achieve research objectives. This study used a qualitative method, which was analyzed using a SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that eight alternative flood pre-disaster management strategies can be carried out: 1) Can build embankments along the Palu River. 2) Improving the flood control system in Palu Bay and Palu River. 3) It is hoped that the government will build floodgates to handle floods. 4) Optimization of the drainage system. 5) It is hoped that it can facilitate early warning tools at the point of flooding. 6) Directions for handling coastal border areas. 7). Directions for making houses on stilts for vulnerable areas, 8) Increased cooperation with various parties in handling Land subsidence for vulnerable areas, and Increasing cooperation parties in handling land subsidence.
Performance Analysis of Interchanges and Roads in Pura Besakih, Karangasem District, Bali Province
This analysis was conducted to analyze the performance of intersections and sections around Besakih Temple, especially during religious ceremonies. A field traffic data survey was conducted by installing a handycam at a predetermined point to determine the performance of intersections and roads. Furthermore, secondary data collection is carried out to support the completeness of the required traffic data. So that the traffic data is obtained. After the data is collected, the analysis of intersections and roads is carried out. From the results of the study, it is found that (1) the performance of the intersection is: the postal one intersection has a traffic volume of 7305.3 pcu/hour, a capacity of 5367.61 pcu/hour, a degree of saturation of 1.369, a delay of 19.2 seconds, and an intersection service level. C. At Postal Intersection 2, the traffic volume is 4973.5 pcu/hour, the capacity is 2810.24 pcu/hour, the degree of saturation is 1.77, the delay is 22.06 seconds, and the service level of the intersection is D. At Postal Intersection 3, the traffic volume is obtained traffic is 7391.4 pcu/hour, capacity is 3924.02 pcu/hour, degree of saturation is 1.88, delay is 23.19 seconds and the service level of intersection D. So that the average intersection volume exceeds the capacity of the intersection. (2) The performance of the road segment is only sought for the degree of saturation: the Winana road section is 0.67, the Besakih highway is 0.46, the Kedugung highway is 0.25 and the Batusesa highway is 0.048.
Application of Transit Oriented Development (TOD)Concept in Gelora Bung Karno Area
In the present era, many individuals rely on public transportation to meet their daily needs, particularly in Jakarta, Indonesia. Various options, such as trains and buses, serve as the primary choices for public transportation. This study, which focuses on the Gelora Bung Karno Stadium (GBK) area, explores the implementation of the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) concept. TOD is a planning strategy that aims to create compact, mixed-use communities centered around transit stations, with the intention to enhance economic growth, facilitate access to integrated public transportation, and reduce reliance on private vehicles to mitigate air pollution levels in the city. The research findings indicate that applying this concept can positively impact economic development and the efficiency of public transportation while concurrently fostering a cleaner and more sustainable environment for urban communities. This study is pertinent to current dynamics, where an increasing number of individuals are opting for public transportation as a primary solution to address urban mobility challenges.