Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/jtsp MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan (JTSP) is a scientific journal which biannualy published in April and October. We firstly published in 1999 as national journal of Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang. In 2016, JTSP was indexed in DOAJ with Green Tick critera. And in 2018, JTSP expands its range of article quality and publication through publishing English-language articles. SINTA | GARUDA | DIMENSION | DOAJ
Compressive Strength and Damage Simulation of Type V Cement-Based Concrete with GGBFS Addition
The durability of concrete structures in marine environments is often compromised by exposure to aggressive chemical agents. Although Type V cement is designed for high sulphate resistance, it remains susceptible to chloride penetration and magnesium-induced softening. This study investigates the mechanical performance of Type V cement-based concrete modified with GGBFS under simulated marine conditions. Specimens with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% GGBFS replacement were cast and cured in synthetic seawater for 7, 14, and 28 days before a compressive strength test. Experimental results showed that 2% GGBFS addition yielded the highest compressive strength of 48.12 MPa, which outperformed the regular concrete (42.32 MPa) at 28 days. Numerical simulations using the Mazars damage model in Cast3M were conducted to complement experimental findings, with mesh densities between 16 and 32 sides. Both experimental and modeling results were compared to BS EN 12390-3:2009 standards to categorize damage patterns. The analysis demonstrated that concrete with 2% dan 4% GGBFS exhibited satisfactory damage behaviour, while 0% and 6% GGBFS mixtures were classified as unsatisfactory. Further, the 16-sided mesh configuration generated damage patterns comparable to 2% and 4% GGBFS specimens, whereas the 32-sided mesh closely aligned with damage characteristics of 0% and 6% GGBFS concrete. This study highlights a novel experimental-numerical framework for optimizing GGBFS levels in marine conditions, demonstrating that integrated approaches effectively enhance performance evaluation and durability assessment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Performance Index-Based Multi-Criteria Optimization of GGBFS Replacement in Concrete for Enhanced Strength, Durability, and Sustainability
Using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) has emerged as a sustainable alternative in concrete production, offering notable improvements in durability and long-term strength. However, identifying the optimal replacement level that balances mechanical performance, durability, and sustainability remains challenging. This study addresses this gap by critically reviewing sixteen peer-reviewed studies conducted between 2006 and 2025, the broadest dataset yet applied in a performance index (PI)-based evaluation. A PI was developed to normalize and compare diverse mechanical and durability parameters, integrating them into a multi-criteria framework. The PI was further evaluated under three practical weightings: Balanced (50/50), Durability-prioritized (60/40), and Strength-prioritized (40/60). Results indicate that a 40% GGBFS replacement delivers the highest composite performance under balanced criteria, 20% is optimal for strength-driven applications, and 60–70% provides superior durability in aggressive environments, especially when activation or enhanced curing is applied. This study demonstrates the practical utility of an integrated PI approach for sustainable concrete design.
COMPARISON ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SCHEDULING METHOD (LSM) WITH PRECEDENCE DIAGRAMMING METHOD (PDM) ON DP MALL EXPANSION CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
The objective of this study is to analyze the comparison between the Linear Scheduling Method (LSM) and the Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) in the DP Mall Expansion Project. The main focus of the research is to compare time efficiency, labor cost, and productivity in supporting construction with repetitive tasks. Project scheduling plays a crucial role in construction project development. In the construction industry, more focused scheduling is required for specific types of projects. This study uses a quantitative approach, specifically descriptive-comparative, to compare and analyze project scheduling using the Linear Scheduling Method (LSM) and the Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM). Scheduling analysis and preparation were carried out using Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Project. The scheduling was conducted under two scenarios: normal and accelerated. The analysis focused on architectural works, particularly regarding differences in project duration, labor wage costs, and the effectiveness of scheduling methods for repetitive work. The results show a significant difference between the two scenarios (normal and accelerated) in the Linear Scheduling Method (LSM). However, the accelerated scenario using both LSM and PDM produced the same total duration, number of workers, and labor wages due to the logical dependency relationships in PDM being applicable to LSM. LSM scheduling is more effective for repetitive work, while PDM is less effective for such projects. This research provides practical contributions for project managers in selecting the appropriate scheduling method according to the specific characteristics of a project. The results indicate that the Linear Scheduling Method (LSM) can be integrated into projects with repetitive tasks to achieve operational sustainability. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of scheduling methods in repetitive construction projects, contributing to project success in terms of time and cost.
Interpretation of Ground Penetrating Radar (Gpr) to Determine the Depth of Pipe Objects in the Sandbox
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive inspection technology that utilizes electromagnetic (EM) waves to map subsurface structures. This study focuses on estimating the diameter and depth of buried cylindrical objects, especially pipes, using GPR. This research was carried out through laboratory experiments using a box filled with dry sand. GPR data is processed using matGPR software to analyze hyperbolic reflections generated by buried objects. matGPR is software used for mathematical calculations of all three software. The speed of the EM wave is calculated based on the dielectric properties of the sand, and the depth and diameter of the pipe are estimated using a mathematical model derived from hyperbolic reflection. The results showed that the pipe depth estimate had a low error percentage, generally below 5%, which indicated high accuracy in GPR measurements, pipe A showed an estimated depth of 16.2 cm with the result obtained an error percentage of 1.8%, pipe B showed an estimated depth of 15.3 cm with the result obtained an error percentage of 1% and pipe C showed an estimated depth of 13.7 cm with the result obtained The error percentage is 2.2 %.The study concludes that GPR is an effective tool for estimating the depth of buried objects, especially in a controlled environment such as a sandbox. However, factors such as burial depth, pipe material, and dielectric properties of the medium can affect the accuracy of the measurement. Future research should consider using varied pipe materials and deeper burial depths to further validate the reliability of this method under field conditions.
Correction of SPT (Standard Penetration Test) between Comparison of Energy Measurement in the Field and Seed Method (1985)
The use of the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) method has a very important role in the field of geotechnical engineering, especially in obtaining information related to soil characteristics under the surface. The data obtained from the SPT test is widely used in various applications, one of which is slope stability analysis, especially in areas with high potential for landslide disasters. This research was conducted as a form of the author's scientific contribution in highlighting the difference in energy produced by the SPT tool in the field compared to the results of the theoretical calculation approach. The research methodology includes the collection of data from the results of tax return testing in the field, which is then analyzed using the calculation method of the Seed method (1985). In the energy measurement in the field, the energy ratio (ER) was obtained of 56.3-77.7%. The average energy measurement at the BH-1, BH-2, and BH-3 test points was obtained at 70.9% each; 70.4%; and 64.8%. The results of the correction comparison showed the difference between the energy return from the energy measurement test in the field and the theoretical calculation. At depths of 0-10m it is 7-32% and at depths of 10-20m it is 7-15%. Corrections using the Seed method (1985) showed a relatively higher error rate compared to the results of direct energy measurements in the field. Taking this into account, the use of energy data obtained directly is considered more representative of actual conditions in the field and more reliable in the correction value of tax returns.
Analysis of the Finite Element Method in Reinforcing Soft Soil using Geotextiles
This study focuses on the analysis of the finite element method for soft soil reinforcement using geotextiles in the Tambak Lorok area, Tanjung Emas Village, Semarang Utara District, Central Java. The research location was selected because this area is experiencing rapid economic and infrastructure development, but faces significant soil subsidence issues due to the high swelling-shrinking potential of clay soil. This subsidence negatively impacts building stability as well as the social and economic lives of the community. This study aims to evaluate the stability of fill soil with and without geotextile reinforcement using Plaxis 2D software. The research method used is quantitative, with analysis using Plaxis 2D to evaluate the stability of the original fill soil with and without geotextile reinforcement. The data used includes secondary data from government agencies and primary data from standard penetration tests (SPT) as well as interviews with local residents. This study is limited to the location on Tambak Mulyo Road, with aspects reviewed including the extent of soil subsidence and the safety factor of the fill. The software used is PLAXIS 2D, and Google Maps historical data and interview results are used for data validation. The analysis results show that the stability level of the original fill soil without geotextile tends to be lower, with significant soil settlement at the measurement point. Before the application of geotextile, the safety factor value of the fill soil was 1.407. After the application of geotextile with a tensile strength of 200 kN/m², the safety factor increased to 1.507. These results indicate that the use of geotextile is effective in enhancing the stability of fill soil in the Tambak Lorok area, North Semarang.
Interpretation of Subgrade Conditions Beneath Flexible and Rigid Pavement Layers Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a device commonly utilized in non-destructive testing (NDT) applications. Its principal advantage lies in its non-invasive nature, allowing for subsurface exploration without causing damage to existing structures or the surrounding environment. Due to this characteristic, GPR has become a leading technology in subsurface investigation. GPR is regarded as an optimal solution for rapidly and efficiently assessing subsurface conditions without inflicting damage on the pavement surface. In this research, GPR technology is employed to analyze the subgrade layers beneath flexible (asphalt) and rigid (concrete) pavements, with the objective of enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of road maintenance strategies. The data acquisition process is supported by the GAS XPC software for field data recording, while data processing is conducted using GPRSoft and GSSI RADAN 7. A comparison between raw and processed data reveals distinctions that facilitate a more in-depth analysis. Furthermore, discrepancies in data interpretation were observed between the outputs of GPRSoft and GSSI RADAN 7. These differences serve as valuable references for refining data analysis methods and improving the accuracy and reliability of future GPR-based investigations
Analysis and Monitoring of Land Subsidence Phenomena in Tambak Lorok, Semarang City Using the In-sar Method
Rapid urbanization and infrastructure expansion in Semarang, particularly in the northern coastal areas, have led to significant land subsidence. Tambak Lorok, located in Tanjung Mas Sub-district, is among the affected areas, with key contributing factors including soft young alluvial soils, excessive groundwater extraction, infrastructure loads, coastal sediment dynamics, and tidal fluctuations. To understand the patterns and rates of land subsidence, this study employs the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) method using the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). The methodology involves the analysis of Sentinel-1A satellite imagery (2020–2024), Digital Elevation Model (DEM) mapping, and examination of changes in watershed (DAS) areas. Additional data were gathered through local community interviews and analysis of Google Maps and DEM data from 2018–2024. Long-term InSAR monitoring reveals that certain areas in North Semarang's coastal zone are subsidining at rates between -0.16 to -0.23 meters per year. Data validation was conducted through triangulation to ensure result accuracy. These findings highlight the need for more effective mitigation strategies, such as stricter groundwater management, adaptive infrastructure upgrades, and spatial planning that considers subsidence risks. Furthermore, remote sensing technology should be complemented with ground-based monitoring to ensure more accurate and data-driven mitigation strategies. The outcomes of this research are expected to serve as a basis for disaster mitigation and sustainable coastal spatial planning
Feasibility Study on the Use of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash as Aggregate Substitutes in the Subbase Layer of Road Pavement
This study used fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) waste as a substitute for aggregate in the road subbase layer. The initial mixture included FABA with a depth of 1 meter and 7 meters without mixing other materials. This mixture is differentiated into two variations with a ratio of variation I (70:30) and variation II (70:30), each fermented for 14 days. The test results showed that the FABA material did not meet the specification of SNI 6388:2015 for class B foundation layers, with a maximum immersion CBR value of 25.32% in variation I and 18.99% in variation II. This study evaluates the feasibility of using FABA as an aggregate substitute material in the subbase layer of road pavement. From the results obtained, FABA material has the potential to be used in subbase construction. Still, adding other materials such as cement or lime is necessary to increase the carrying capacity and meet the set specifications
Analysis of Vegetation Diversity and Emission Absorption Sufficiency on the Pandaan-Malang Green Toll Road
Green corridors on toll roads are a natural strategy designed to reduce transportation emissions while maintaining the ecological function of the area. This study aims to assess the ability of vegetation to absorb carbon along the Pandaan–Malang Green Toll Road by comparing the total emissions produced by passing vehicles. The method employed is a quantitative descriptive approach with a bottom-up methodology to calculate carbon emissions and estimate CO₂ absorption, utilizing existing vegetation data. The research data revealed that the total annual emissions reached 63.32 million kg, while the total vegetation absorption was only 51.08 million kg or 19.33%, resulting in a deficit of 12.24 million kg (80.67%). Trembesi trees dominate, contributing around 90% of the total absorption, but dependence on this monoculture poses ecological risks due to pest attacks and climate pressure. Therefore, a species diversification strategy that focuses on zoning and strengthening technical regulations on green belts is needed. The policy implications aim to transform green highways from aesthetic elements into sustainable ecological infrastructure that actively functions in climate change mitigation and improves ecosystem service quality.
Seismic Stiffness Evaluation of RC Dual Systems in Varying Geometries: A Pushover-Based Study Using Indonesian Codes
This study evaluates the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) dual systems that combine moment-resisting frames with shear walls, using nonlinear pushover analysis in accordance with Indonesian seismic design codes (SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019). A total of 32 analytical models were developed to examine the influence of four critical parameters: story height (3–10 stories), span length (5.5–6.5 m), shear wall thickness (200–250 mm), and concrete compressive strength (20–25 MPa). The elastic stiffness factor was determined as the base shear ratio to roof displacement at the onset of first hinge formation. In contrast, base shear capacity was derived from the pushover curves. Results show that geometric parameters exert the most decisive influence on seismic response, with stiffness decreasing by more than 50 percent as story height increases and by approximately 8 percent with longer spans. Material enhancements provide only modest gains of 2 to 7 percent. These findings emphasize the dominant role of structural configuration in drift control and ductility demand, offering practical recommendations for optimizing RC dual systems under Indonesian codes and improving the resilience of mid- to high-rise buildings in seismic regions.
Impact of River Infrastructure on Sediment Distribution to Maintain Reservoir Lifespan: A Case of the Bili-Bili Reservoir, Jeneberang Basin, Indonesia
This study investigates the impact of river infrastructure on sediment distribution in the Bili-Bili Reservoir. Bathymetric data obtained using an echo-sounding sonar system were processed with Surfer 14 to analyze reservoir bottom morphology, storage capacity, and sediment accumulation. Hydrological modeling with NRECA calibration was combined with field measurements to estimate sediment inflow and storage loss. Results show cumulative sedimentation increased by 42% (1997–2005), 33% (2005–2011), and 25% (2011–2017), with a peak deposition of 21.74 × 10⁶ m³ in 2005. Following the construction of sabo dams, consolidation dams, and check dams in 2011, sedimentation rates decreased by 57% relative to 2005. Reservoir capacity declined from 365 × 10⁶ m³ in 1997 to 264 × 10⁶ m³ in 2017, reducing the effective service life by approximately 6.5 years. The remaining lifespan of the reservoir in 2017 was 24 years and 4 months, compared to the original design life. These findings emphasize that periodic dredging (every four years), monthly sediment removal at the consolidation dam, and sediment trapping in the Jeneberang watershed are essential to sustain reservoir performance.
Analysis of Flood Discharge in the Balangan Sub-Watershed Using HEC-HMS
Flooding poses significant challenges, especially in areas with rapid urban development, such as Balangan Regency, South Kalimantan. This study analyzes the hydrological conditions contributing to floods in the Balangan River watershed using the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System). The research employs secondary data, including rainfall data from GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation), watershed delineation from DEMNAS, and soil type data from Google Earth Engine. Precipitation data spanning 20 years (2003–2022) were analyzed using the Thiessen Polygon Method and statistical tests such as chi-square and Smirnov-Kolmogorov for distribution fitting. Hydrological modeling was conducted using the SCS Curve Number method integrated into HEC-HMS to estimate flood discharges for various return periods. The results indicate peak discharges of 2,916.8 m³/s, 4,309.7 m³/s, 5,590.8 m³/s, 7,288.5 m³/s, 9,625.8 m³/s, and 11,943.4 m³/s for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years, respectively. These findings highlight the critical impact of land cover, soil characteristics, and rainfall patterns on flood risks. The study underscores the importance of incorporating hydrological modeling tools like HEC-HMS for effective flood risk management and planning in the region.
Application of The Building Infill Concept in New Buildingswithin the Historic Semarang Old Town Area
The Old City of Semarang, as a national-level cultural heritage site, has inherited its function as a cultural center with unique architecture and urban layout that has remained. Over time, the development of the economy and high tourism demands exert significant pressure on the city's heritage. New functions with their commercialism often lead to inappropriate new buildings that potentially threaten the historic area's authenticity. Applying the infill building concept becomes a conservation solution that emphasizes optimizing vacant spaces in well-developed urban areas, including historic areas. Research has been conducted on several new buildings in the Semarang Old City that have changed in function and physical appearance. This research aims to analyze the existing conditions of new buildings and examine how infill development can be applied to structures in historical areas without damaging the architectural characteristics. The method employed includes descriptive analysis of observed objects by observing buildings, analyzed based on elements within the building infill approach. The results indicate that applying infill building in new constructions in the Old Town area requires a sensitive design approach, considering several elements, including mass, height, material color, ornamentation, and harmonious integration with the surrounding historical buildings. Additionally, it is suggested to the government that this research can initiate more detailed policies and active supervision regarding the construction of new buildings to maintain their authenticity. In conclusion, building infill can be an effective solution to support the economic development of historical areas without compromising cultural heritage, provided it is carried out with proper planning and regulations.
Repetitive Construction Scheduling Using Line of Balance (Case Study: One of the 6-Storey Polyclinic Building Construction Project in Batang Regency)
Repetitive work is often encountered by contractors, so effective planning is needed so that the project can achieve its goals within the set time limit. One aspect of planning is project scheduling, which is a method that is used in construction work. One of the scheduling methods suitable for repetitive construction is a line of balance. Therefore, this research was conducted using the line of balance method on a repetitive multi-story building project to find out whether the line of balance can properly organize project implementation. The results of the analysis and calculations that have been carried out obtained the duration required to complete the construction project of the 6-story polyclinic building for 274 days. The schedule in the project plan takes 308 days to complete the project. By comparing the effectiveness of the time whose duration is at odds with 34 days, the schedule plan using the line of balance method is more effective and efficient in completing the construction project of the 6-story polyclinic building in Batang Regency.
Optimization of Vehicle Queue Length Using PTV Vissim at Talang Buluh Intersection, Banyuasin Regency
Traffic congestion is a common issue in developing metropolitan areas, impacting both economically and socially. Long vehicle queues result in delays for many vehicles, which increases travel time and contributes to deteriorating air quality due to emissions from motor vehicles at intersections. One of the influencing factors is the non-optimization of intersections due to delays. Previous studies commonly use the Highway Capacity Manual Indonesia, 2023, to analyze intersection optimization. However, this study will utilize PTV Vissim software. In planning the intersection, some factors must be considered, such as capacity, density, speed, and type. An average daily traffic survey and a road geometric survey will be conducted in the field survey. The analysis will be performed using PTV Vissim software to optimize the 3 (Three) Talang Buluh intersection in Banyuasin Regency by examining the impact of vehicle queue length and evaluating policies for improving traffic management. According to the analysis results, the data from the First Scenario shows that the maximum vehicle queue length reaches 124.02 meters, with an average delay of 18.75 seconds from the Palembang direction. In the second scenario, installing traffic signal control devices increased the queue length to 287.95 meters from the Betung direction, with the most extended delay reaching 129.52 seconds. The third scenario, which involved geometric changes at the intersection, successfully reduced the vehicle queue length to just 47.70 meters from the Palembang City direction. Additionally, the most extended delay recorded was only 11.59 seconds, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach, though it is costly and unsuitable for short-term use. Overall, Scenario 1 can serve as a short-term solution for intersection optimization. However, if road widening improvements are feasible, Scenario 3 is the optimal solution for enhancing traffic efficiency and effectiveness, significantly reducing vehicle queues and delays. This is crucial for implementing long-term traffic management strategies at the Talang Buluh Intersection in Banyuasin Regency.
Concrete Brick Wasted Material Substitution Performance: Role of Fly Ash, Mixture Composition, and Compressive Strength
The optimization of wasted materials, especially local fly ash, provides space to be used as a construction material with the potential to partially replace cement without reducing the mechanical strength of concrete bricks to a proportion of 20%. Using waste materials like fly ash will provide economic value, environmental sustainability, and strength and durability. A mixture of local sand, PCC cement, and fly ash material is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Concrete bricks or commonly called paving blocks are products with sand, water, and cement compositions, as well as waste materials, the installation and maintenance of concrete bricks is very easy and can be formed with various variations that provide aesthetic aspects, the mechanical parameters of concrete bricks are 3, 14, and 28 days old compressive strength tests with a total of 75 samples with a quality classification D. Weight ratio 1:4 cement, sand and cement water 0.58. The weight of the cement determines the amount of fly ash. The performance of fly ash waste-substitution concrete bricks by 10% produced a quality of 11,674 MPa in 28 days.
Analysis of Transportation Mode Choice for Commuting To Campus (Case Study: Undergraduate and Graduate Students of the Faculty of Engineering Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta)
The parking lot density at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), reflects students' high use of motor vehicles. Various factors, including demographic characteristics, travel patterns, and the availability and limitations of public transportation infrastructure, influence this. However, no specific research has analyzed students' transportation mode choices at the Faculty of Engineering UMY and their impact on the campus parking capacity. This study aims to describe students' demographic and travel characteristics and analyze the parking capacity at the Faculty of Engineering UMY. The methods used were descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation analysis by distributing questionnaires to 98 respondents. The results show that most respondents are male, within the age range of 19-23 years. Most students have an income higher than the Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), enabling them to own a private vehicle or pay for transportation costs. The primary transportation mode used by students is motorcycles. Private motorcycles dominate the transportation choice due to their efficiency for short trips (0-15 minutes or 1-7 km). Parking capacity analysis shows that the parking capacity for two-wheeled vehicles at the Faculty of Engineering UMY has exceeded its capacity with a saturation rate 1.21 during peak hours. Meanwhile, the parking facility or four-wheeled vehicles has reached 100%, with a saturation rate of 1, indicating that it is complete but has not exceeded capacity during peak hours. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that the choice of transportation mode for students at the Faculty of Engineering UMY is dominated by private vehicles, particularly motorcycles. This condition results in high parking saturation, which calls for transportation management strategies such as improving public transportation accessibility, regulating private vehicle usage policies, and optimizing parking spaces.
The Coastal Abrasion Mitigation Using Permeable Structure at The Sipora Island
Abrasion is the beach erosion process due to destructive waves and currents, which are sometimes difficult to handle. The abrasion is caused by current, tidal, wind, and the earthquake and tsunami, 2010. Sipora Island is a world tourist destination for snorkeling, diving, and surfing. This research was conducted to mitigate abrasion at Sipora using a submerged permeable structure. The method is a quantitative analysis using permeable structure, WQC TOAA, current meter, and sediment trap. The field survey was conducted in August and October 2020 using purposive sampling at Kampung Dusun, Tua Pejat, The Sipora Island. The results show that the permeable structure can reduce the abrasion, current, and wave pressure and increase sedimentation at Kampung Dusun. The abrasion rate is 3.73 m/year or 268 m2/year, classified as very high (CVI). Sedimentation is created behind the permeable structure, whose rate is 9.389 cm3/day, sea current is 0.02-0.08 m/s (reduced till 50%), and wave pressure is 0.375 KN/m2 (decreased 62.5%). For seawater quality, the pH and turbidity are increased; TDS and salinity are relatively stable at some points, but the pH and temperature of the dissolved oxygen are decreased. The permeable structure can reduce abrasion and create sedimentation at Kampung Dusun, Sipora.
Analysis of the Impact of PPE Implementation on Occupational Safety and Health on Construction(Case Study: 4-Storey Residential Building Project)
Project construction can be risky for workers if Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is improper and correctly used. Complex construction projects are typically carried out in large cities like Surabaya. Usually, these projects involve contract workers with varying knowledge and awareness regarding PPE use. This study aims to analyze the level of work accident risk in a four-story house project undertaken by PT. Surya Andalan Bina Perkasa in Surabaya. The research method used was quantitative, with data collection techniques using questionnaires distributed to 30 samples. Data analysis techniques were carried out using simple linear regression and hypothesis testing. The study results show the risk level of work accidents in the four-story residential project carried out by PT. Surya Andalan Bina Perkasa is quite low. Types of work accidents with low risk include shortness of breath due to dust, head impacts, injuries from falls from heights, muscle and bone injuries caused by falling materials, hearing loss due to noise, and electric shocks. Types of risks in the low-medium category include irritation due to dust or wood shavings, minor foot injuries, hand injuries, body parts being struck by sharp objects, and accidents caused by heavy equipment. The level of worker compliance with PPE use is still low, as evidenced by 70% of workers being non-compliant and 30% being somewhat compliant in using PPE while working. The study results also show an impact of PPE implementation on occupational health and safety, evidenced by a correlation value of 24.9%. The significance of the hypothesis test is 0.005, and the determination value is 25.3%, indicating that the impact of PPE implementation on occupational health and safety is insignificant, as it only increases occupational health and safety by 25.3%.
The Impact of The Wage System on Estimating Construction Worker Productivity
A construction project's productivity significantly depends on its workforce's efficiency. This study examines the effect of different wage systems—daily wage and piece-rate (borongan) systems—on the productivity of construction workers, using a neural network model for analysis. Data were collected from workers at the ESP-Control Building Project of PLTU Units 9 & 10 through field observations and questionnaires. Productivity was assessed via the Work Sampling method, while SPSS software was employed to analyze key factors influencing worker performance. The results show that the piece-rate system is more effective in enhancing productivity than the daily wage system, as indicated by higher Labour Utilization Rates (LUR). A neural network model developed for productivity estimation achieved high accuracy, with R² values of 0.815 for the daily wage system and 0.817 for the piece-rate system. Practically, these findings can help project managers improve scheduling efficiency, minimize idle time, and reduce labor costs by adopting an appropriate wage system.
Intercropping House of Wonosobo, A Form of Conservative Architectural Locality
Highland areas are usually identical to agricultural areas, with abundant produce in the form of vegetables. On the other hand, the community's view of the highland area is considered insufficient in meeting the need for fresh fish, considering its distance from the sea. One of the highlands in Central Java Province that is quite widely known is Wonosobo Regency, where one of the areas has the potential to be a tourist area, namely the Dieng Plateau. If seen from a distance, Wonosobo Regency is quite far from the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean; besides being a highland area, its location is in the middle of Central Java Province. As a highland area, Wonosobo Regency differs from other hilly environments, especially in managing water resources in its residential areas. The management of water resources ultimately fosters a conservative environmental architectural design. The research aims to reveal how the process of forming settlements with wise and regenerative architectural design harmonizes the environment. An exploratory qualitative research method is used to answer the research objectives. The research location is in several neighborhoods in Wonosobo Regency, around the bottom of the Dieng plateau. The results of the study show that the design of residential houses in several residential areas of Wonosobo Regency uses the method of intercropping in the "back area," which is distinguished between the water source and the remnants of Bathing, Washing, Toilet (MCK) activities. Architectural design is a form of normative local wisdom passed down from generation to generation by the next generation so that the preservation of the "intercropping house of Wonosobo" runs well. In addition to the design of the house, each water distribution channel (water source and toilet residue) that crosses the settlement is also neatly arranged so that it can be well maintained without damaging the environment. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the design of houses and settlements in Wonosobo Regency is a form of conservative architectural locality.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan
Structural Response of Irregular Buildings: Influence of Geometry and Shear Wall Configurations
This paper delves into the structural response of irregular buildings, specifically focusing on the influence of geometry and shear wall configurations. Irregular buildings, with their intricate geometries and diverse structural elements, present unique design challenges, necessitating a thorough performance evaluation. Our study conducts a comparative analysis to gauge the impact of various geometric layouts and shear wall arrangements on structural behavior under seismic loading. A nine-story irregular building in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is a compelling case study. We develop three models (M1, M2, and M3), each incorporating variations in geometry and shear wall configurations (T-shaped, L-shaped, and I-shaped). These models are rigorously analyzed using ETABS software to evaluate key structural responses, including lateral displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear forces. The results reveal that M3 exhibits the lowest base shear, at 24,961.46 kN, 7.582% lower than the existing model (M1). The lowest lateral displacements and inter-story drifts are observed in the x-direction for M2 (26.308 mm displacement, 10.061 mm drift) and in the y-direction for M3 (26.115 mm displacement, 9.339 mm drift). Additionally, the lowest drift ratio occurs on the first floor of M3, measuring 0.110% in the x-direction and 0.115% in the y-direction. These findings underscore the substantial impact of geometric variations and shear wall configurations on the structural response, providing valuable insights into optimizing irregular building designs to enhance seismic performance.
Analysis of Trip Generation Modeling in The Higher Education Area: A Case Study of UNISSULA, Semarang City
Semarang City, the capital of Central Java Province, has various activities, one of which is higher education. The location of higher education activities on main roads can increase road service (LOS). This study aims to model the number of trips to UNISSULA and alternative routes in the event of a flood. This study uses quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis. One dependent variable and eight independent variables will be modeled using SPSS 26—the number of respondents representing the movement of 398 people. Based on the analysis results, the LOS level of UNISSULA Road on weekdays is 0.22 for attraction and 0.21 for generation. Then, on weekends, the LOS level of UNISSULA Road is 0.16 for attraction and 0.16 for generation. In the Jalan Raya Kaligawe section, the LOS value is 0.50 on weekdays and 0.55 on weekends. The resulting regression model is Y weekday pull = 752.624 + 3.138X1 + 7.418X2, Y weekday generation = 3728.412-4.635X1-8.075X2, Y weekend pull = 270.00 + 3.117X1 + 5.979X2, and Y weekend generation = 2493.733-2.841X1-4.938X2. The resulting model can be used by urban planners and policymakers to optimize traffic management and reduce congestion in the UNISSULA area. The traffic management strategies that can be applied to the resulting model include optimizing public transport use, encouraging shared vehicles, developing pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, travel time management, and increasing the capacity of alternative roads.
Effectiveness Study of Twin Tunnel Nanjung in Flood Management of Citarum River
Indonesia has a high risk of natural disasters such as flooding, which particularly affects the West Java region. Floods often occur due to high flow rates that exceed the capacity of water bodies, triggered by rainfall and population growth. Based on the data collected, floods hit Dayeuhkolot, Bojongsoang and Baleendah Subdistricts with water levels between 40 - 200 cm which resulted in 919 households with 3,577 people displaced. Flood control can basically be done in various ways, but it needs to consider the whole system and find the most optimal one. To reduce flooding around the Upper Citarum, the Nanjung Twin Tunnels were built. Therefore, researchers are interested in further reviewing the performance and effectiveness of the Nanjung Twin Tunnel for the handling of the Upper Citarum. This research uses descriptive method with HEC-RAS v6.5 software modeling approach with 2D method. From the modeling results, it was found that after the installation of Twin Tunnel Nanjung, the flood inundation area was reduced by 64% from 13.44 km2 to 4.8 km2 and the depth was reduced by 2-3 m on average at 5 points in Dayeuhkolot area.
Analysis of Bed Load in Cibanjaran River, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java
Cibanjaran River is one of the rivers located in the Galunggung Mountain area, with abundant sand sources, so there is sand mining. Cibanjaran River experiences the impact of mining, one of which is sedimentation. This study aims to determine the mass and mass distribution of bed load of Cibanjaran River from upstream to downstream. It also analyzes the gradation of basic sediments, sediment transport with the Schoklitsch method (1935), and simulations using HEC-RAS 6.5 software. Based on the results of the study, the upstream bottom sediment is poorly graded gravel with sand, the middle is well-graded sand with gravel, and the downstream is poorly graded gravel with sand. It has a specific gravity of 2.75 - 2.8. The mass transport of bottom sediment using the Schoklitsch calculation method is upstream 22,383.53 tons/day, middle 7,844.56 tons/day, and downstream 10,561.30 tons/day. While the results of the HEC-RAS 6.5 simulation produced a mass of sediment transport in the upstream Sta. 10833, which is 26,217.41 tons/day, in the middle of Sta. 6399 is 4,502.31 tons/day, and downstream Sta. 13 is 10,517.47 tons/day. The results of calculations and simulations can be a reference in strategic planning to mitigate the impact of sedimentation, so it is necessary to control mining activities and optimize sediment control infrastructure to maintain the sustainability of the river ecosystem and minimize negative impacts on surrounding communities.
Stabilization of Soft Soil with Rice Husk Ash on CBR Bearing Capacity and Soil Shear Strength Parameters
Bekasi Regency generally has an area with soft clay soil conditions, recognized as problematic soil known as expansive clay. As large-scale construction continues in the region, geotechnical issues associated with these expansive soils have become a concern. Stabilizing with additives increased the soil’s bearing capacity and shear strength. The addition of agricultural waste material, rice husk ash (RHA), is intended to improve the soil through a pozzolanic reaction. This study examines soft soil's bearing capacity and shear strength value with 5%, 10%, and 15% rice husk ash. Index properties tests comprising water content, specific gravity, grain size analysis, and Atterberg limits. Engineering properties tests comprising proctor compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and UU Triaxial. The samples cured for two days before compaction and seven days after compaction. The test results indicated that the soil was classified as CH according to USCS and A-7-6 according to AASHTO. The highest CBR and Triaxial UU test results were found with an RHA content of 15%. CBR increased by 86.44% from 4.919% to 9.172%. Cohesion value increased by 90.31% from 0.185 kg/cm2 to 0.352 kg/cm2. This study indicates that RHA could increase bearing capacity and shear strength in soil stabilization.
Effect of Geogrid Layer on Sand and Clay Soil Deformation Under The Site Foundation
Two things must be evaluated when planning a shallow foundation: sufficient bearing capacity and non-excessive settlement. In theory, foundation-bearing capacity analysis is based on Terzaghi or Meyerhoff's theory. Terzaghi's theory assumes that the soil under the foundation is uniform to an infinite depth and has sufficient strength to withstand the applied load (Gofar & Kassim, 2007). In reality, the soil beneath the foundation does not always have adequate bearing capacity, which results in excessive settlement (Shahin et al., 2017). Soil replacement using good quality soil is commonly used to improve the bearing capacity of soft soils in a particular location. Many soil improvement methods have been used, including soil compaction, additives, hydraulic methods such as PVD installation, and inclusion methods. Another alternative is to install a layer of geotextile or geogrid under the foundation to increase bearing capacity and reduce deformation. Several studies on improving soil bearing capacity under footing foundations show a significant increase in bearing capacity due to installing geotextile or geogrid layers at a certain distance under the footing foundation. This research uses a numerical method where the analysis is carried out on a hypothetical model with a geometry comparison that matches the laboratory-scale model research conducted by Ambhita (2020). Numerical analysis was performed using SIGMA/W (Geoslope International, 2018). The results showed that the foundation settlement on the medium clay layer without geogrid reinforcement was more significant than on the sand layer with geogrid reinforcement. Using geogrid layers increases the stiffness of the soil so that the deformation (settlement) is more minor, and the placement pattern of the geogrid layer affects the deformation that occurs.
Rainfall Duration’s Impact on Mining Earthmoving Equipment Performance – Case Study at PT. BUMA GEO-AJE, South Kalimantan
This study investigates the impact of rainfall duration on the performance of earthmoving equipment at PT BUMA, GEO-AJE, South Kalimantan. Data from April 2023 covering 29 days were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Origin 2024. The study revealed a 7.06637% decrease in excavator and dump truck efficiency per hour of rainfall. Cycle times were increased by 0.15122 minutes for excavators and 4.50034 minutes for dump trucks per hour of rain. Moreover, excavator productivity declined by 1138.82900 bcm/day and dump truck productivity by 176.21836 bcm/day. These results highlight the necessity of accounting for rainfall in mining operations, especially in productivity forecasts and equipment management.
The Effect of Bentonite Powder as a Filler on HRS-WC Asphalt Performance
Wearing Course Lataston (HRS-WC) is a type of flexible pavement with durable and good durability and flexibility. The constituent materials of HRS-WC asphalt consist of aggregate, asphalt, and filler. Bentonite powder is an active chemical filler material with superior swelling ability, ion exchange properties, and large surface area. It quickly absorbs water to form a thick suspension. This research aims to determine and determine the Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC), optimum filler content, comparison of the percentage value of increase or decrease in Marshall test parameters, and the effect of adding bentonite powder filler to HRS-WC Asphalt on asphalt performance according to the General Specifications for Bina Marga Year 2018 Revision 2. Based on the research results on Marshall characteristics, the KAO value was obtained at 7.5%, and the optimum filler content value was 1.90%. The addition of bentonite filler shows changes in the characteristics of HRS-WC asphalt, namely an increase in stability, Marshall Quotient, and VFA, as well as a decrease in flow, VIM, and VMA. So, the effect of adding bentonite filler to HRS-WC asphalt can increase density, reduce the number of voids, fill voids between aggregates, and be able to bind asphalt to the asphalt mixture. However, the excessive addition of bentonite powder as a filler can reduce the flow value and make the asphalt mixture harder and stiffer.