Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat starting in 2024 migrates from OJS 2 to OJS 3 to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/kemas MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE KEMAS: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat [P-ISSN 1858-1196 | E-ISSN 2355-3596] publised by Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK). KEMAS publishes the article based on research or equivalent to research results in public health or other disciplines related to public health that has not been loaded/published by other media. The journal contains articles about epidemiology and biostatistics, health policy and administration, public health nutrition, environmental health, occupational health and safety, health promotion, reproductive health, maternal and child health, and other related articles in public health. The journal can be used by health practitioners, health caregivers, teachers, medical students, and people who are interested in public health issues. The journal was first published in July 2005. Since 2022, the journal were published quarterly a year in July, October, January, and April. Starting October 2022, articles in KEMAS Journal have been accepted for indexing to Scopus. Accreditation Certificate: 2014-2019, 2018-2023 Abstracting & Indexing GARUDA | SINTA | DOAJ | DIMENSION | SCOPUS
Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI Tingkat Pusat) and Jejaring Nasional Pendidikan Kesehatan (JNPK)
The Phenomenon of Dengue Fever in Climate Change
Dengue fever is a health challenge in tropical and subtropical countries. The increase in dengue cases in Indonesia is influented by urbanization, climate change, higher population mobility, and community behavior. This study aims to describe the climate factors, temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed, as well as dengue fever cases. This study uses a descriptive observational design with an ecological study approach. The data collection technique used in this study was secondary data in the form of documentation studies by analyzing records of dengue fever case numbers and climate data. The average monthly temperature ranges from 26.8 to 31.3°C, the average monthly humidity ranges from 65.1 to 85.7%, and rainfall fluctuates significantly, with the highest intensity reaching 28.7 mm. Dengue fever cases show a fluctuating trend, with the highest number in 2023 at 541 cases. Climate factors play a role in the dynamics of dengue cases in Semarang City. Temperature and humidity are within the optimal range that supports mosquito breeding and dengue virus transmission. High rainfall allows for puddles of water to form, which serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Low wind speeds also facilitate mosquito flight activity.
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Preservative Equipment Based on Nitrogen Doping Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst White Oyster Mushroom In Banyumeneng
Oyster mushrooms easily wilt and turn brown because of bacteria and enzymatic reactions. Preservation of oyster mushrooms has been done in the freezer, which can only last 3-4 days. In addition, preservation using chemicals can cause side effects such as diarrhea to long-term cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the shelf life of white oyster mushroom products using the innovation of making preservatives with titanium dioxide doped nitrogen (N-TiO2). The method used is the sol-gel method with TiCl4 as the precursor of TiO2 and diethylamine as the nitrogen-doped precursor. N-Doped TiO2 was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and antibacterial activity tests. The results of the FTIR spectrometer showed peaks at 518 and 678 cm-1, which indicated the presence of vibrations from TiO2. Analysis of the crystalline phase of TiO2 using XRD obtained a mixed phase in the form of anatase with peaks at 55.10 (2Ø) and rutile at 27.40 (2Ø). Anti-bacterial activity test showed that N-TiO2 was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria by 6.48±0.42 mm. The results of the organoleptic test showed that preservation using photocatalyst can extend the preservation time of oyster mushrooms, which is about 6-9 days, longer than the ideal preservation time of oyster mushrooms. This technological innovation can answer the problems of oyster mushroom farmers in Banyumeneng Village related to oyster mushroom harvests that are wasted because they are rotten and cannot be sold.
How is Quality in Homecare Services Created? A Qualitative Study of Health Professional Perspectives
Nursing services in home healthcare are becoming increasingly important as the number of patients requiring long-term care and post-inpatient care increases. The standard of nursing care delivered at home is crucial for the well-being of both patients and their families. This study investigates how health professionals perceive the creation of quality nursing services in home healthcare. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method. Ten health professionals, including nurses, doctors, and home health care managers, were selected as participants through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis methods to identify relevant themes and subthemes. Results: The results show that the quality of nursing services at home is created through several key factors: competency and training of nurses, effective communication between health teams, involvement of families in care, availability of resources, and clear management and policy support. Nurse competence and training are considered the most crucial factors affecting service quality. In addition, good communication between healthcare professionals and patients' families is also regarded as essential to creating a holistic and patient-centered service. Conclusions: The quality of nursing services in home health care depends on various factors, including nurse competency, effective communication, and family involvement. Managerial support and supportive policies are also essential to ensure that nurses can deliver optimal care. This research provides valuable insight for developing training programs and policies to enhance the quality of home nursing services.
Translation and Psychometric Analysis of the Brief Symptom Inventory in Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder
The Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) is an 18-item self-report checklist designed to screen for psychological symptoms in medical patients. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of BSI among a diverse group of Indonesian adolescents. This study involved 80 15 to 18-year-old adolescents from a drug rehabilitation center in West Java, Indonesia. The instrument was translated into Bahasa Indonesia, and its content validity index was calculated using Aiken’s V formula. The CVI ranged from 0.73 to 1.00 for BSI. The factor loadings of each of the three scales in the BSI ranged from 0.43 and 0.88. The model was acceptable and appropriate when confirmatory factor analyses of the BSI were conducted. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the BSI was 0.925. The findings of this study give evidence that the BSI is a viable and beneficial screening tool for detecting substance use problems among Indonesian adolescents.
Ergonomic Risk Assessment on Palm-Oil Harvesting Workers in East Kalimantan
Along with the growth of the palm-oil industry in Indonesia, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) experienced by palm-oil harvesting workers also increased. This paper aims to evaluate ergonomic risk factors among harvesting palm workers in East Kalimantan and to propose suggestions to mitigate the risks. A total sample of 70 workers from 3 plantations in Muara Wahau, Babulu, and Muara Badak was observed in 2023. Gotrak survey and ergonomic risk factor (ERF) questionnaire of SNI 9011:2021 were utilized for determining the WMSD and identifying the ergonomics risk, respectively. The result showed that 91% of workers experienced pain after work, and 72% frequently experienced physical fatigue. The Gotrak survey on cutting and carrying bunches activity revealed high exposure risk for the neck (97%), followed by the shoulder (77%) and knee (55%). Meanwhile, during the activity of loading bunches onto the truck, high exposure risk occurs in the shoulders (73%), elbows (53%), and knees (53%). The result of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test indicates that there is a difference in Gotrak levels among the three locations. The Gotrak level in Muara Wahau is the highest, followed by Babulu and Muara Badak. The results of the ERF questionnaire showed that loading to truck, followed by carrying FFB to the fruit collection point, were the two activities with high ERF scores, i.e., 39 and 34, respectively. Finally, improvements such as stretching exercises before and during work, as well as redesigning ergonomic T-hook and egrek, will mitigate the risk.
Effect of Moringa Oliefera Supplementation During Pregnancy on Stunting in Children of Pre-School Age
Stunting is a growth failure due to a lack of nutrition that has lasted from pregnancy to 24 months of age. This study aims to examine the effect of moringa supplementation during pregnancy on stunting in preschool children (5-6 years old). This study is a follow-up study of a Randomized Control Trial with Double Blind study that provides moringa supplements in the form of PG (Powder Group), EG (Extract Group), and as well as IFA (Iron Folate Acid) supplements to pregnant women. The subjects were 303 children in six sub-districts in Jeneponto District who were children of mothers who received supplementation of PG, EG, and IFA during pregnancy. Children’s height was measured using a microtoice. Data were statistically analyzed using the Logistic Regression test. The results showed a significant difference between the three groups. EG intervention had a significant effect on stunting in preschool-age children (5-6 years old). EG intervention (24.18%) showed the lowest prevalence of stunting among PG (25.47) and IFA (38.68%) interventions. EG prevented stunting by 2.215 times compared to the other intervention groups. The provision of Moringa extract to pregnant women has a better effect on reducing stunting.
Sociodemographics, Knowledge, Attitudes, and COVID-19 Prevention Measures in Indonesia
The COVID-19 pandemic provides many lessons for all countries to prepare the health system and society when an outbreak of a disease occurs. From COVID-19, we learn that community participation in preventing COVID-19 is mandatory. This study aims to determine the relationship between sociodemographics, knowledge, and attitudes toward prevention measures for COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Mergangsan subdistrict, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, in February-April 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 350 participants. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed to analyze the data. Our study found that age, gender, level of education, and attitude were significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention measures. Men-employed people and people with low knowledge and attitudes had a higher possibility of having poor prevention measures towards COVID-19. Considering the result of this study, increasing community participation in COVID-19 prevention measures requires interventions and programs tailored to specific layers by targeting men, working groups, and insufficient knowledge and behavior towards COVID-19.
National Health Insurance on Household Out-of-pocket Health Expenses in Indonesia
BPJS Kesehatan is expected to increase access to fair and high-quality health care for all citizens and provide financial risk protection. Our study aims to examine the impact of BPJS Kesehatan’s implementation as national health insurance (NHI) on household out-of-pocket expenses. Our study used a difference in differences (DID) regression model that was applied to repeated cross-section data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) between 2013-2014 and 2019-2020. Propensity-score matching (PSM) is used to provide covariate balance in the regression model data. Illnesses that are represented by health conditions and treatment options (self-medication, outpatient, inpatient) are determining factors of out-of-pocket expenses. Our finding, the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan resulted in a 26.0% increase in out-of-pocket expenses. Its main reason is an increase in public health awareness, as indicated by the increased number of visits to health facilities. However, the increase in out-of-pocket expenses suggests that the usage of BPJS Kesehatan is not optimal. To optimize its function as financial protection, improvements must be made to the mechanism and system policies.
Sun Exposure on the Incidence of Allergies in Adult Women
Exposure to UVB rays in humans largely affects vitamin D synthesis, and approximately 90%–95% of vitamin D is produced in the skin. Allergic diseases have a significant impact on the health of the affected individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sun exposure and the incidence of allergies in adult women. This research used a quantitative cross-sectional design. This research was conducted in Bogor from August to November 2023. The population investigated consisted of the entire adult female population living in the city of Bogor. This study used simple random sampling to select representative respondents. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The study sample comprised of 395 people. The inclusion criteria were women aged between 19 and 49 years who permanently resided in Bogor City. The exclusion criteria are women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, experiencing menopause, using hormonal contraception, and diagnosed with diabetes or other infectious or non-communicable diseases. Bivariate data was analyzed using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between sun exposure and the incidence of allergies in women in Bogor City. Processed shellfish foods and products are a common cause of allergies in women in Bogor. The frequency of sunbathing and the use of sunscreen have a significant effect on allergies. Sunbathing 2 times/week reduces allergies, whereas never sunbathing causes allergies. Sunscreen use increases allergies, and more research is needed to develop effective prevention strategies.
Development of a Smartphone Application “Family Care Stunting” to Increase the Independence of Families with Stunting Toddlers and Comorbid Diseases
Stunting is a complex public health problem in Indonesia. The incidence of stunting in Kudus City was 3,601 toddlers (5.85%), with the highest prevalence in Dawe District (13.32%), Undaan District (11.13%), Gebog District (10.66%), and 238 children under five, accompanied by comorbidities such as acute respiratory tract infections (ARI), diarrhea, tuberculosis (TB), and worms. One of the determining factors for success in combating stunting is family independence in managing the health of toddlers. However, family independence is constrained by limited access to information, lack of balanced nutrition education, sanitation, personal hygiene, symptoms of comorbidities, monitoring and development of toddlers not routinely, non-compliance with immunization and treatment. Smartphone applications can be used to overcome these obstacles. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the “Family Care Stunting” smartphone application in improving the health independence of families of stunted toddlers with comorbidities. This study used a research and development design, with 201 respondents from families of stunted toddlers who had comorbidities. Effectiveness was analyzed using the Wilcoxon nonparametric differential test to compare the level of family health independence before and after the intervention. There was a significant increase in the level of family health independence after the intervention of the “Family Care Stunting” smartphone application (p-value = 0.000). This application has the potential to be an innovative tool that supports families to play an active role in child health management, thereby contributing to more comprehensive stunting prevention and handling efforts.
Pentahelix Collaboration in Achieving Disaster Preparedness through Resilient Villages: A Systematic Literature Review
Pentahelix is one of the disaster preparedness approaches. This study aimed to provide an overview of the roles of each component in pentahelix collaboration occurring in several countries, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of disaster preparedness. Indonesia is the country with the second-highest disaster risk in the world, with a total of 3,472 disasters occurring in 2024.. Pentahelix collaboration has not been optimal, and disaster preparedness has not been achieved. This systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, compiling relevant studies from databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The literature search was carried out between April and June 2024 using specific keywords. The search yielded a total of 3.848 articles across the selected databases. Of these, 2.384 articles were obtained from Scopus, 1.277 from Science Direct, and 187 from PubMed. After the screening process, 13 relevant articles were identified for further review. Conclusion: the Government, private sector, community, academics, and media play crucial roles in disaster preparedness effectiveness. Overall, the success of disaster preparedness depends on strong cooperation and coordination among all stakeholders. Strong coordination and close collaboration among all stakeholders through Penthahelix collaboration are crucial to minimize the impact of disasters and accelerate the recovery of critical infrastructure.
Minimum Initial Service Package Readiness Assessment (MRA) for Reproductive Health in the Disaster Situation of Mount Merapi Eruption in Magelang Regency
The Minimum Initial Service Package Readiness Assessment (MRA) was a comprehensive tool used to evaluate a region’s preparedness in delivering priority reproductive health services during emergencies, as outlined in the MISP. In Indonesia, the MRA had only been implemented in four provinces, including Central Java. This study was the first research conducted in Magelang Regency. It aimed to describe the implementation of the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) for reproductive health during the Mount Merapi eruption disaster in Magelang Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed, involving 10 informants from government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and evacuation site managers. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document review, with data validity ensured through triangulation of techniques and data sources. The data analysis included data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicated that MISP implementation in Magelang Regency during the Mount Merapi eruption disaster remained suboptimal, particularly due to the absence of a dedicated reproductive health sub-cluster. Despite good coordination among government agencies, awareness and understanding of MISP among policymakers remained limited. Village midwives played a crucial role in health service provision at evacuation sites. However, socio-cultural constructs that perceived reproductive health issues during disasters as sensitive posed significant challenges.
Minimum Initial Service Package Readiness Assessment
The Role of Decentralized Health Systems in Shaping Service Quality: A Systematic Review in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Decentralization has emerged as a prominent strategy for health sector reform in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), aiming to enhance service quality, efficiency, equity, and responsiveness. This study systematically reviews literature published between 2021 and 2025 to explore the role of decentralized health systems in shaping healthcare service quality across LMICs. Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 20 eligible studies were identified and analyzed from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Thematic synthesis of findings reveals mixed outcomes: while decentralization improves local responsiveness, enhances community engagement, and strengthens health system performance in some settings, it also exacerbates disparities in others due to uneven institutional capacity, limited fiscal resources, and fragmented coordination. Key performance areas identified include human resource deployment, financing, access to services, and equity in service delivery. The study emphasizes the significance of local capacity-building, efficient resource allocation, and integrated planning in attaining sustainable and equitable healthcare improvements within decentralized systems. This review provides practical insights for policymakers aiming to align decentralization strategies with health equity and service quality objectives.
Giving Moringa Soy Milk on Weight Gain and Upper Arm Circumference of Pregnant Women
Moringa oleifera leaves are a potential source of micronutrients and bioactive compounds in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aims to determine the effect of moringa soy milk on pregnant women’s weight gain and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as indicators of energy and protein nutritional status. This quasi-experimental study was conducted from February to April 2025 in the working area of the Jatibaru Community Health Center, Bima City. It was conducted on 30 pregnant women in their second to third trimesters with a MUAC <23.5 cm. Respondents were divided into two groups: the intervention group accepting 250 ml/day of moringa soy milk for 28 days, and the control group accepting local supplementary food. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test and chi-square tests. The results showed an increase in body weight of 2.00 kg and MUAC of 0.35 cm in the intervention group (p<0.05), higher than in the control group. The content of vegetable protein, iron, calcium, and vitamins in moringa soy milk plays a role in improving the nutritional status of pregnant women. These findings suggest that moringa soy milk may be an effective and affordable dietary intervention to prevent Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women.
Maternal Characteristics, Malnutrition, and Pregnancy Complications with the Incidence of Low Birth Weight in an Industrial Environment
Low Birth Weight is one of the leading causes of under-five deaths during the neonatal period. In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate is in the top 7 in the world. The industrial environment, where air pollution is high, is one of the factors causing LBW. The study aimed to identify the factors that influence the incidence of LBW in an industrial environment. Using data from a cohort of pregnant women in 2023, the study used a nested case-control design at Bergas Community Health Centre. The study population included all mothers who delivered live infants in 2023, totalling 832 respondents. Data from the study were analysed using Chi-Square for bivariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. The results showed a relationship between maternal age, parity, maternal nutritional status, hypertension, preeclampsia, and anaemia with the occurrence of LBW with p < 0.0001. The multivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between maternal age (OR 3.233, 95% CI 1.557 – 6.714), parity (OR 2.567, 95% CI 1.382 – 4.767), maternal nutritional status (OR 7.905, 95% CI 3.472 – 17.998), preeclampsia (OR 28.090, 95% CI 9.894 – 84.468), and maternal hemoglobin levels (OR 10.883, 95% CI 5.736 – 20.649) with the incidence of LBW. The most influential factor in LBW is the occurrence of preeclampsia in mothers.
Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Nested Case-Control Study
Hypertension during pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, 30 % of deaths are caused by hypertension. This study was conducted to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy in mothers with high pregnancy risk. A nested case-control study design was employed, with data sourced from secondary records of obstetric medical documents from Gondosari Health Centre, Kudus Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023. The number of hypertension cases was 46, and the number of controls was 92. The technique for collecting case data was based on reviewing the medical records of mothers with hypertension. In contrast, control data was taken by random sampling from mothers with high risk but who did not have hypertension. Statistical analysis used the chi-square (bivariate) and logistic regression (multivariate) tests. The study’s results stated that significant factors for hypertension in pregnancy were gestational age of 20 weeks, obesity, and primigravida with p 0.037, p 0.044, and p 0.010. Pregnant women > 20 weeks have a risk of 2.267 times to experience pregnancy hypertension, obesity has a risk of 4.288 times to experience hypertension in pregnancy, and non-primigravida status is at a higher risk of hypertension in pregnancy than primigravida mothers by 0.252 times. Mothers who have these three factors together have a probability of 80.79% of experiencing hypertension during pregnancy. This study concluded that gestational age > 20 weeks, obesity, and non-primigravida were related to the risk of hypertension in pregnancy at the study site; mothers who had gestational conditions > 20 weeks, obesity, and non-primigravida had the highest likelihood of developing hypertension in pregnancy.
Preoperative Anxiety Levels and the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing General Anesthesia
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common complications after general anesthesia, negatively impacting patient comfort, recovery, and hospital stay. While many factors contribute to PONV, psychological aspects such as preoperative anxiety are often underestimated despite their influence on postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between preoperative anxiety levels and the incidence of PONV in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia. Using a cross-sectional design, 45 elective surgical patients were assessed for anxiety using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and PONV incidence was recorded within 24 hours post-surgery. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between anxiety levels and PONV occurrence (p = 0.002). Among patients with moderate to severe anxiety, 73.3% experienced PONV, compared to only 26.7% among those with mild anxiety. These findings indicate that higher preoperative anxiety increases the risk of PONV. Therefore, integrating psychological assessment and anxiety management into perioperative care is crucial to reducing postoperative complications and improving anesthetic outcomes through a more holistic patient care approach.
postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
Walking Towards Wellness: Exploring Community Views on Urban Walkability for a Healthier Lifestyle in Semarang
Promoting active mobility, such as walking, is a key measure in creating a healthier urban environment. In support of Semarang City’s Urban Mobility Plan, which prioritises low-carbon strategies, the local government has undertaken extensive development of pedestrian infrastructure since 2017. This study investigates public willingness to utilise pedestrian pathways, a critical component in ensuring the effectiveness of such interventions. Data were collected through a survey involving 254 respondents across 24 major roads in Semarang. Findings indicate that walking is predominantly undertaken for shopping and health-related activities, typically covering distances between 200 and 800 metres on weekends. Destinations most frequented include shops, markets, stalls, and shopping centres. The results highlight the importance of integrating user-centred design into pedestrian infrastructure and emphasize the function of pedestrian paths as a social interaction space for both physical exercise and building community cohesion, thereby maintaining the mental health of residents.
Perinatal Mental Health Disorders in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of QuantitativeStudies (2015–2024)
Perinatal mental health disorders, especially depression and anxiety, are prevalent among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Indonesia. These conditions can affect both maternal well-being and child development. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize key risk factors associated with perinatal mental health disorders among women in Indonesia. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for quantitative studies published between 2015 and 2024. Inclusion criteria included studies involving pregnant or postpartum women in Indonesia, using quantitative designs, and reporting on risk factors for depression and/or anxiety. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data extraction and screening were conducted manually by reviewers. Out of 434 identified records, six studies met inclusion criteria. Most employed cross-sectional designs and focused on sociodemographic, psychosocial, obstetric, and psychological factors. Common risk factors included young maternal age, low education, unstable employment, lack of social support, and history of mental illness. Several studies also identified low mental health literacy and poor maternal-fetal attachment as contributing factors. The included studies were mostly cross-sectional, limiting causal inference. This review highlights the need for routine mental health screening, greater provider training, and community-based interventions in maternal health care. Future research should prioritize longitudinal designs and assess the effectiveness of policy implementation.
Handgrip Strength of Public Works Personnel in West Jakarta
Public Works Personnel (PWP) in Jakarta perform their routine duties manually instead of using equipment. Handgrip strength (HGS) measures maximum hand strength as a quality indicator for muscle strength and mass. Factors affecting muscle strength are age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC). Increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) is also associated with muscle quality, muscle strength, and physical performance. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with handgrip strength in PWP. A total of 192 male PWP from the Cengkareng district were recruited by simple random sampling. The collected data were demographics, BMI, FBG, WC, HC, and HGS. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation test and multiple regression analysis. There was a significant positive correlation of BMI, WC, and HC with HGS (p=0.006; r=0.20, p=0.009; r=0.19, and p=0.005; r=0.20) and a significant negative correlation between age and HGS (p=0.008; r=-0.19) but not between FBG and HGS (p=0.847). Multiple regression analysis showed height, BMI, and HC positively predicting HGS (R2=0.19). Handgrip strength of public works personnel is associated with BMI, age, waist circumference, and hip circumference, but not with fasting blood glucose. Height, BMI, and hip circumference predict handgrip strength.
Socioeconomic Factors and The Use of Traditional Medicine in East Seram, Maluku
Although modern medicine continues to develop, traditional medicine is still widely used in various parts of Indonesia, including the natural resource-rich Maluku Province. Socioeconomic conditions are thought to influence people’s dependence on traditional healing practices. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and the use of traditional medicine in East Seram District (ESD), Maluku Province. A cross-sectional household health survey was conducted in September-December 2023 among 253 respondents aged 18-65 years in eastern Seram Island. A quantitative-descriptive approach was used with structured interviews and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 45.8% of respondents reported using traditional medicine, especially herbal concoctions. Individuals who do not pay for health insurance membership tend to use traditional medicine (aOR=2.87, 95% CI: 1.66-5.00, p<0.001). Similarly, respondents with low educational attainment (aOR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.00–2.92, p= 0.048) were more likely to use traditional medicine. These results suggest the importance of socioeconomic factors in the use of traditional medicine. Health promotion strategies need to be adapted to the local and cultural context to encourage rational and safe utilization of traditional medicine.
Brand Image as a Determinant of Patient Decision-Making in Inpatient Healthcare Utilization
Healthcare has evolved from provider-centered to consumer-oriented models, making brand image crucial in patient decision-making. However, systematic examination of this relationship in developing country healthcare contexts remains limited. This study investigated how brand image dimensions (corporate identity, physical environment, contact personnel, service offerings, and corporate individuality) influence patient decisions for inpatient services at Nahdlatul Ulama Hospital, Tuban, Indonesia. A quantitative cross-sectional study from January to March 2023 using structured questionnaires from 268 inpatients selected through purposive sampling. Brand image dimensions and patient decision-making were measured using 5-point Likert scales. Analysis included descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, and multiple linear regression. All five dimensions collectively influenced patient decision-making (F=42.990, p<0.001), explaining 45.1% of variance. Bivariate analysis showed significant correlations for all dimensions, with physical environment (rho=0.456, p<0.001) and corporate identity (rho=0.399, p<0.001) strongest. However, multivariate analysis revealed only three dimensions independently influenced decisions: service offerings (β=0.318, p<0.001), contact personnel (β=0.184, p=0.024), and corporate individuality (β=0.115, p=0.030). Brand image significantly influences inpatient healthcare decisions, with service offerings, contact personnel, and corporate individuality most influential. Healthcare facilities should develop comprehensive brand strategies emphasizing service quality, patient-staff interactions, and aligned corporate values, highlighting human elements over physical infrastructure.
Nutritional Status of Children Aged 6-59 Months Based on Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure
Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) is an alternative indicator for assessing nutritional status in children which can identify all children who are malnourished, whether they are stunting, wasting, underweight, wasting and underweight, stunting and underweight, or a combination of all three. The problem of failure to thrive in children aged 6-59 months based on CIAF in Bojongsari District, Depok City, in 2023 is 29,8%. This figure is higher than conventional measurements with single indicators of stunting, wasting, and underweight in Depok City based on the 2023 SKI, respectively, namely 14.3%, 5.8%, and 12.8%. The research aims to determine the determinants of the nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months based on CIAF in Bojongsari District, Depok City, West Java Province in 2023. This quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design used secondary data, and data analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. There were 317 children aged 6-59 months in this study. Bivariate analysis showed that variables related to children’s nutritional status based on CIAF were energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, and carbohydrate intake. Multivariate analysis shows that energy intake is the risk factor in children’s nutritional status based on CIAF in children aged 6-59 months in Bojongsari District, Depok City, West Java Province in 2023 after controlling for the variables protein intake and fat intake (p=0.006; OR = 3.493, 95% CI = 1.428 – 8.543).
Hookah Smoking in Incidence with Asymptomatic Gout
Water pipe smoking (WPS) has become very popular worldwide, especially among young people. Its widespread use makes it a risk factor for various diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that water pipe smoking is a cause of asymptomatic gout and prostate cancer and affects salivary pH and serum magnesium (Mg) levels. The study was conducted with 80 participants (60 in the hookah smoking group and 20 in the control group) in Kirkuk, Iraq. Serum uric acid, magnesium (Mg), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and saliva pH were tested and analyzed for both groups. The result was a significant increase in serum uric acid concentration without any notable changes in saliva pH, serum PSA, and serum magnesium levels. Also, based on tabular data using the Pearson correlation coefficient, a significant positive correlation between waterpipe smoking and serum uric acid levels was examined, but a significant negative correlation between serum PSA and serum Mg levels was assessed. Finally, we also observed small changes in serum uric acid, serum PSA, and serum magnesium levels over extended period (less than 5 years or ≥ 5 years) among waterpipe smokers.
Community Engagement Approach to Successful Malaria Elimination in Kulon Progo District
This study, conducted in October–November 2024 in Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia, explores a model of community engagement in supporting malaria elimination in high-case areas. Although malaria remains prevalent in eastern Indonesia, cases continue to occur in Java, including Kulon Progo. Using mixed-methods sequential exploratory design, this study combined qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data was collected through observations, interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and questionnaires, involving 200 participants—comprising 100 village officials and 100 community health cadres and members. Quantitative data were analyzed using univariate analysis and path analysis. Findings revealed that knowledge and attitudes significantly affect community participation in malaria elimination activities, such as mosquito breeding site eradication and clean-up programs. The path coefficient score (13.93) indicates that community engagement has a strong influence on environmental improvement. Moreover, cross-sector collaboration enhances program effectiveness. This engagement model demonstrates significant potential in strengthening sustainable malaria elimination efforts in endemic-prone areas.
Understanding Cadre Coping Mechanisms in Utilizing Digital Tools for Stunting Intervention Programs
Digital tools have been increasingly adopted in health services within the years. Cadres are now expected to integrate various digital tools into their routine practices to enhance the effectiveness, accuracy, and reach of stunting prevention efforts. This qualitative study explores the coping mechanisms employed by community health cadres in Sumedang District, Indonesia, as they adapt to digital platforms for stunting intervention. In-depth interviews with cadres revealed three primary adaptive strategies: workload management through task delegation, reliance on peer and family support to overcome digital literacy barriers, and the formation of informal learning networks for knowledge sharing. While these mechanisms highlight the resilience and adaptability of cadres, the findings also expose challenges, including increased workload, inconsistent knowledge transfer, and unequal access to training and resources. The study underscores the need for structured digital literacy training, accessible technical support, and equitable capacity-building opportunities to ensure the effective and sustainable use of digital tools in stunting prevention programs. These insights are crucial for policymakers and program implementers aiming to enhance the quality and impact of digital health interventions at the community level.
Telemonitoring-Based Cardiac Care to Reduce Readmissions in Coronary Heart Disease Patients
Coronary heart disease (CHD) continues to be a leading cause of hospital readmissions, especially among elderly individuals with low educational attainment and limited understanding of health information. This research aimed to evaluate how cardiac care management influences the frequency of hospital readmission in patients diagnosed with CHD. Employing a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design, the study involved 100 participants at Jombang Hospital, chosen through purposive sampling. Information regarding readmission rates was gathered before and after the intervention using structured questionnaires and assessed through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Before receiving the intervention, 25% of patients had been readmitted more than twice, while none avoided readmission altogether. Following the management program, only 5% experienced multiple readmissions, and 25% reported none. The statistical outcome demonstrated a significant difference (p = 0.002), proving that cardiac care interventions consisting of educational support, family involvement, and consistent follow-up effectively decreased patient readmission. Most participants were aged between 61 and 75, male, and had only completed elementary school, all of which are factors associated with poor disease self-management. This trial confirms that integrated cardiac care management greatly improves the outcomes of recovery and decreases the risk of rehospitalization in CHD patients.
Quality of Life Among Women at Menopause
This study aimed to examine factors related to the quality of life in women at menopause. This cross-sectional study included 53 women aged 45 to 65 who were at menopause, with self-reported good general health and not receiving hospital treatment, and were willing to participate as respondents. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire assessed quality of life across four domains: vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual. Data analysis involved univariate analysis using frequency tables and crosstabs, bivariate analysis using correlation tests, and multivariate analysis using chi-square tests. The bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between education and quality of life (p = 0.000). Additionally, the age of menarche (p = 0.022) and income (p = 0.006) were significant factors. The multivariate analysis confirmed that both income (p = 0.021) and frequency of sexual activity (p = 0.032) significantly impacted the quality of life. The quality of life among women at menopause was influenced by factors such as education, age of menarche, income, and early menopause. Income and the frequency of sexual activity particularly affected the quality of life, specifically in the sexual domain. This research holds implications highlighting the need for targeted interventions to help women prepare for menopause and mitigate physical complaints.
Moringa Leaves-Added Food, Baby Massage, and Tui Na Massage to Reduce Stunting Rate on Young Children in Indonesia
Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh Province, where the prevalence reached 33.18% in 2021 exceeding the WHO threshold. In North Aceh District, 14.3% of children under five were stunted, with Simpang Keramat District reporting one of the highest rates (35%). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a combined intervention Moringa leaf-supplemented food within a balanced diet, baby massage, and Tui Na massage in improving the nutritional status of stunted children aged 0–2 years. A quasi-experimental pre-post design was used, involving 50 stunted children divided equally into treatment and control groups. The intervention was conducted over 2.5 months. Paired t-test results showed significant increases in weight (t24 = -6.656, p < .000) and height (t24 = -3.244, p < .003) in the treatment group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that combining dietary fortification using locally available Moringa leaves with physical stimulation through massage therapy can effectively enhance growth outcomes. Given the multifactorial nature of stunting, this study recommends that nurses and health practitioners incorporate both nutrition-based interventions and sensory-stimulating therapies to address growth delays in young children, particularly in high-risk areas such as Aceh.
Health Beliefs and Husband’s Preparedness in Supporting Postpartum Contraceptive Use
Use of postpartum contraceptives is critical to the prevention of unwanted pregnancies and enhancing maternal and child health. Yet, husbands’ support for the use of contraceptives is still low based on cultural beliefs and inadequate knowledge. It is important to understand how health belief influences husbands’ readiness in order to improve family planning. This study will analyze the association between health beliefs and husbands’ readiness to support postpartum contraceptive use. A cross-sectional correlational descriptive design was employed with 170 husbands of postpartum women in Samarinda, Indonesia. Consecutive sampling was used, and data were collected using validated tools modeled after the Health Belief Model (HBM) and a scale of a husband’s preparedness. The tools were found to have high reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.761 to 0.988. Data analysis included univariate descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rank correlation to quantify the relationship between preparedness and the health beliefs of husbands. Researchers found a significant positive relationship between preparedness and health beliefs of husbands in support of postpartum use of contraceptives (p = 0.01, r = 0.745). The greatest correlation was between perceived susceptibility and concern (r = 0.548, p = 0.00), then self-efficacy and concern (r = 0.534, p = 0.00). Husbands’ health beliefs play a crucial role in their willingness to support postpartum contraceptive use. Anchoring on education programs that reinforce health beliefs will enhance husbands’ participation in family planning.