Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching
Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teachingt starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/longdaxiaokan MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Longda Xiaokan: Journal of Mandarin Learning and Teaching (P-ISSN 2528-5734 | E-ISSN 2715-1611) published scientific articles in the field of education and learning Mandarin. Abstracting/Indexing: DIMENSION | GARUDA | SINTA
Comparative Analysis of Mandarin Chengyu Translations into Indonesian Using DeepSeek and Google Translate
The translation of chengyu is an essential aspect of Mandarin language studies, as these expressions contain figurative meanings and cultural values that cannot always be interpreted literally. However, users in Indonesia often face difficulties in obtaining accurate chengyu translations, especially when relying on automatic translation tools. This study aims to analyze the comparative results of translating 25 Mandarin chengyu using two AI-based translation tools, Deepseek and Google Translate. Employing a descriptive qualitative analysis method, the data were collected from the translation outputs of both tools and compared based on idiomatic accuracy, cultural contextualization, and translation fluency. The findings indicate that Deepseek tends to produce more natural and accurate translations, as it successfully preserves idiomatic meaning and Mandarin cultural context. In contrast, Google Translate more frequently generates literal and lexical translations, causing several chengyu to deviate from their intended figurative meanings. Of the 25 chengyu analyzed, 17 showed similarities in meaning, while 8 displayed differences, with Deepseek demonstrating superiority in terms of semantic accuracy and word choice. This study concludes that Deepseek is more effective for translating Mandarin chengyu into Indonesian, as it provides translations results that better reflect cultural values ada idiomatic nuances.
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Feng Shui as Chinese Cultural Heritage: Influence on Aesthetic Value in Architecture and Interior Design
This study investigates the influence of Feng Shui, a cornerstone of Chinese cultural heritage, on the aesthetic value of spatial design in architecture and interior design. Feng Shui emphasizes the harmony of energy (qi) within a space and is considered to enhance both comfort and visual appeal. The research utilizes a qualitative methodology with a cross-study approach, including interviews with two professionals in architecture. The findings demonstrate that the application of Feng Shui principles, such as the positioning of the main entrance, natural lighting, air circulation, and the selection of colors and materials, significantly affects both the aesthetics and comfort of a space. As a cultural practice, Feng Shui contributes to visual harmony and functionality and enhances occupants' interaction with their environment. Therefore, it serves as a holistic approach to design, integrating cultural wisdom, aesthetics, functionality, and energy balance to create spaces that are harmonious and comfortable.
Feng Shui, Chinese Culture, Spatial Design, Aesthetic Value, Architectural Design
Bridging Cultures Through Music: A Stylistic and Cross-Cultural Analysis of Figurative Language Translation in C-Pop
This study explores how figurative language in WayV’s Kick Back (秘境) album functions stylistically and how its meanings are transferred through translation for cross-cultural audiences. Music serves as a medium that bridges cultural boundaries, and the translation of figurative expressions plays a crucial role in shaping intercultural understanding. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyzes figurative devices found in three selected song lyrics through listening and note-taking techniques. Data were processed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, while semantic validation, expert judgment, and intrarater reliability ensured data credibility. The analysis identifies seven types of figurative language: simile (12 instances), personification (2), metonymy/synecdoche (1), nianlian (1), parallelism (1), contrast (2), and rhetorical question (1). Connotative meaning dominates the figurative expressions. Simile emerges as the most frequent stylistic device. The findings show that figurative language not only shapes the emotional and aesthetic tone of the songs but also presents challenges in translation, particularly in maintaining stylistic effect and cultural nuance. This study highlights how stylistic translation contributes to cross-cultural communication by enabling listeners from different linguistic backgrounds to access the intended meanings embedded in the lyrics.
Cross-cultural communication; Figurative language; Music translation; Stylistic analysis; Translation strategies
An Analysis of AI Utilization in Learning Basic-Level Mandarin Writing Skills
The development of technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), has brought significant changes in various aspects of life, including education. The presence of AI has opened new opportunities to create a more effective, interactive, and adaptive learning process tailored to students’ needs. This technology can be applied in nearly all aspects of academic learning, from providing information resources to supporting cognitive processes and practice activities. In the context of language learning, especially Mandarin writing skills, AI plays an important role as a learning tool that helps students overcome various challenges, such as difficulties in understanding sentence structures, writing hanzi, and composing grammatically correct paragraphs. This study employed a mixed-methods research approach using a convergent parallel design, which combines quantitative and qualitative data to gain a comprehensive understanding. The findings indicate that AI can serve as an effective learning aid when used appropriately and responsibly. In writing skills, AI has been shown to assist students in understanding vocabulary, sentence structure, translation, and organizing short, structured paragraphs. However, the use of AI should be guided to ensure that students do not become overly dependent on it, but rather use the technology to strengthen their conceptual mastery and develop independent writing abilities. Therefore, AI should function as a supportive learning tool, not as a replacement for the teacher’s role in the Mandarin language learning process.
Artificial Intelligence, Mandarin Language Learning, Writing Skills, Educational Technology
Analysis of Basic Mandarin and English Learning Needs in A Private Junior High School in Makassar
This study aims to analyze the needs for basic Mandarin and English language learning that has been conducted at a private junior high school in Makassar, as a reference for determining whether this activity should be continued and for the development of learning materials and syllabus creation. This study identifies the challenges in learning Mandarin and English after attending Mandarin and English lessons, the benefits of learning Mandarin and English, the continuity of the basic Mandarin and English training program, and the needs for learning basic Mandarin and English based on the four core language skills. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method with a quantitative approach. The data was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 15 respondents, consisting of junior high school students from a private school in Makassar, teachers, and parents. The analysis of the questionnaire data indicates that the respondents are interested in learning Mandarin and English by increasing the number of study hours and changing the learning themes, as 53.3% of them feel they have already understood the current material well enough. In terms of Hanzi recognition and writing, they experienced significant difficulties—93.3% of the participants reported that they found learning Hanzi to be challenging. The overall results of the needs analysis for basic Mandarin and English learning suggest that students require Mandarin skills primarily to understand simple conversations and basic vocabulary.
Needs analysis, Mandarin, English, Learning
The Meaning of Social Criticism in the Song Fragile (玻璃心/ Bōlíxīn) Namewee ft. Kimberley Chen: Critical Discourse Analysis of Van Dijk
This research aims to determine the discourse structure (text), social cognition, and social context in the song Fragile" (玻璃心/Bōlíxín) text, the results of this research show that the song Fragile (玻璃心/Bōlíxín) by Namewee in collaboration with Kimberley Chen. This research method uses qualitative research methods with Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis. The technique in this research is using data collection techniques, data analysis, and presenting results to draw conclusions. Based on text analysis, the results of this research indicate that the song Fragile (玻璃心/Bōlíxín) Expression and Music as a Medium of Resistance. The superstructure which contains the text schematic shows the existence of a text framework starting from the intro as the opening melody, the verse as the opening lyrics, the pre-chorus the pre-chorus is the transition section that connects the verse with the chorus, the refrain which is the core and climax of the song, the bridge which has different variations of all song structures which functions as a bridge or diverts the atmosphere of the song in terms of tone, lyrics and emotion, the final chorus which is followed by an outro to close the song . Micro structure as a local meaning shows criticism and protests against the government regarding the government's sensitivity when receiving criticism and limitations in expressing and expressing opinions. Apart from criticizing the government, this song also highlights the defensive attitude of Little Pinks, who are known as pro-government youth who have an extreme nationalist attitude but are wrapped in romantic lyrics and a cute, funny and creative video clip. Meanwhile, the social cognition of this song utilizes international collective knowledge regarding the sensitivity of the Chinese government and netizens to criticism, as well as the social context that plays a role in how this song is consumed by society. The social context of this song also shows different reactions from Chinese society and from outside China.
Social Criticism, Songs, Critical Discourse Analysis, Teun A. Van Dijk
A Study on the Comparison between the Chinese Structural Auxiliary Words “de” and the Relevant Word “dengan” in Indonesian Language
This research was to examine the Chinese structural auxiliary words “de” with the related Indonesian word “dengan”. The aims of this research were to disclose the correspondence between Chinese words “de” and relevant word “dengan” in Indonesian and also to elaborate their similarities and differences. The data of this research focused on the Chinese structural auxiliary words “de”, the Indonesian function word “dengan”. The writer analyzed the data by using comparative approach. The analysis would focus on the semantical, pragmatical and syntactical aspects. This research used descriptive qualitative method in analyzing data. The results of this research indicate that the Chinese structural auxiliary words “de” are correspond to the Indonesian function word “dengan” ,but the Chinese structural auxiliary words “de” can not be completely translated into “dengan” and the Indonesian function word “dengan” can not be completely translated into “de”.
Chinese structural particles “de” ; Indonesian word “dengan” ; Contrastive analysis
Research Trends and Challenges in Intercultural Communication within Global Chinese Language Education: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review (2020–2025)
Intercultural communication is a critical component in Chinese language education, where linguistic proficiency must be accompanied by cultural competence. This study explores research trends, key challenges, and conceptual gaps in intercultural communication within Chinese language education from 2020 to 2025. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) combined with bibliometric analysis, 2,744 peer-reviewed articles were identified and examined from the Scopus database. Findings indicate an initial growth in research publications, peaking in 2024, followed by a sharp decline in 2025. China, the United Kingdom, and the United States dominate in terms of publication volume, while Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia are showing growing engagement. Keyword analysis reveals a strong focus on “intercultural communication,” “language education,” and “foreign language learning,” often framed within Sinocentric perspectives. Despite increased scholarly attention, the field continues to rely on conventional theories that do not adequately address the dynamic nature of cultural identities. Pedagogical practices remain fragmented, with limited integration of critical literacy and culturally responsive teaching approaches. Existing assessment tools also lack the capacity to effectively measure the complexity of intercultural competence. The findings suggest a need for the development of inclusive, context-sensitive pedagogical models and more robust evaluation tools to enhance intercultural competence in global Chinese language education.
Intercultural communication; Chinese language education; bibliometric review; cultural competence; critical pedagogy
Designing an Industry-Based Mandarin Project-Based Learning Model through Micro-Credentialing and Task-Based Language Teaching to Enhance Business Competence
Mandarin Chinese proficiency has become increasingly for international business communication, especially given China’s position as global economic power. However, traditional language instruction often falls short in preparing learners for real-world business contexts, where advanced competencies such as negotiation, cross-cultural interaction, and professional communication are required. While Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) have proven effective in fostering authentic language use, and micro-credentials provide verifiable recognition of workplace skills, there remains a gap in integrating these approaches into a comprehensive, industry based Mandarin curriculum. To bridge that gap, the present study introduces the Industry-Based Mandarin Language PBL Model that integrates PBL, Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT), and micro-credentials into business competence development. A quan-qual research design was employed to gather information from students, alumni and industry respondents through questionnaires and needs analyses. Results show a clear demand from the user and employer communities for industry-relevant Mandarin in speaking, writing, negotiation and report preparation, and a preference for practical, task based learning and recognition by micro-credentials. The conceptual model proposed in this study represents an overarching, competency-driven, academia–industry interface that would constitute a sustainable approach in the development of competitive graduates skilled in Chinese (in the form of Mandarin) and business.
Digital Anki Flashcards for Improving Mandarin Vocabulary Mastery in Grade VIII
Vocabulary mastery is a crucial component in learning foreign languages, including Mandarin, which is increasingly important in today's global context. However, junior high school students in Indonesia often struggle to master Mandarin vocabulary successfully, partly due to the limited use of interactive digital learning media. This study aims to describe the use of digital-based Anki flashcard media and examine its impact on the vocabulary mastery of eighth grade students at SMP IT Cheng Hoo. Using the Classroom Action Research (CAR) model by Kemmis and McTaggart, the research was conducted in two cycles involving 17 students. Data were collected through vocabulary tests and observation sheets. The findings revealed an improvement in the average student score from 60.78 in the first cycle to 85.09 in the second, indicating a 24.31-point increase. These results suggest that the use of Anki significantly supports students' retention and understanding of Mandarin vocabulary. The study concludes that digital flashcard applications like Anki offer an innovative and responsive learning strategy that suits students' needs and increases engagement in Mandarin vocabulary acquisition.
Development of a Mandarin-Indonesian Pocket Dictionary in the Tire Industry Planning Sector
According to some observations, many Indonesian Mandarin translators that work in Chinese companies have some difficulties in explaining and describing words of technical language especially in the tire producing industry originally in Mandarin into Indonesian or vice versa. Whereas this article aims to produce an effective pocket dictionary Mandarins-Indonesian in the planning sector of the tire industry. The development of pocketbook or pocket dictionary is done by researching words and vocabulary and developing it into a small dictionary. The results of developing a pocket dictionary in the planning section of the tire industry is easier and improves the efficiency of the translation process whilst working.
pocket dictionary, tire industry, planning sector
An Analysis of Mandarin Imperative Sentences in the Drama 'The Untamed' Episode 1 by Mo Xiang Tong Xiu
This study aims to analyze the types and functions of imperative sentences found in episode 1 of the Chinese drama The Untamed, adapted from the novel Mo Dao Zu Shi by Mo Xiang Tong Xiu. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research focuses on identifying imperative forms in the characters' utterances and classifying them into five categories: command, prohibition, request, invitation, and permission. The data were collected through non-participatory observation and documentation, then analyzed using imperative sentence theory in Mandarin. The findings show a total of 94 imperative sentences, with directive imperatives being the most dominant (52 instances), followed by prohibitions (18), invitations (6), requests (6), and indirect imperatives (9). These variations not only reflect the linguistic structure but also reveal the characters’ emotions, social relations, and power dynamics. The study highlights how Mandarin imperative sentences in popular media can serve as a valuable resource in understanding communication strategies, pragmatic functions, and sociocultural context in language use.
imperative sentence, Mandarin pragmatics, speech acts, Chinese drama, language use in media
Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT Translation and Google Translate as a Medium for Learning Mandarin for Chinese Language Education Students Universitas Negeri Semarang
This study aims to analyse the comparison of translation quality from Chinese to Indonesian produced by ChatGPT and Google Translate, as learning media for Chinese Language Education students. Using a qualitative approach and comparative descriptive method, this study analysed 20 sentences from textbooks translated by both platforms. The analysis was based on three main aspects: accuracy of meaning, fluency of language, and suitability of context. The results showed that ChatGPT is consistently superior in producing more fluid and contextual translations than Google Translate, which tends to be more literal. Although both tools can be utilised as a learning support medium, ChatGPT has proven to be of better quality. It was concluded that students need to keep using their linguistic understanding to critically evaluate translation Results.
ChatGPT, Google translate, Learning Media, Translation, Chinese Language Education
Mandarin Language Needs Analysis for Communication in the Tire Manufacturing Industry: A Case Study at PT Sailun Manufacturing Indonesia
This study aims to analyze the need for Mandarin language skills to support work communication in the tire manufacturing industry, with a case study at PT Sailun Manufacturing Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation.The results of this study show that communication between local employees and Chinese supervisors is mostly conducted directly with the help of translators, as well as using alternatives such as Google Translate and hand gestures. However, these methods are not yet fully effective due to limited internet signal in the machine area and the suboptimal use of hand gestures in conveying detailed messages. The main challenge faced is the limited Mandarin proficiency of local employees, especially in speaking, listening, and reading skills. An effective strategy to overcome these challenges is Mandarin language training accompanied by individual learning motivation.These findings emphasize that mastering Mandarin is an essential need in a multinational work environment to improve communication effectiveness and work productivity.
Language needs ; Work communication ; Mandarin language ; Manufacturing industry
Analysis of Chinese Culture in the Film I Am What I Am (2021) by Sun Haipeng Using Semiotic Roland Barthes
This article discusses the analysis of Chinese culture in the film I Am What I Am (2021) directed by Sun Haipeng, using semiotic Roland Barthes. The aim of this research is to uncover the cultural meanings conveyed through visual and narrative symbols in the film. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, in which data is collected through observation of scenes that contain elements of Chinese culture such as the lion dance, salted fish, lanterns, and others. The analysis is carried out through three levels of meaning according to Barthes: denotation (literal meaning), connotation (cultural meaning), and myth (ideological meaning).
Chinese culture, semiotic, scene, film I Am What I Am
Semantic Analysis of the Lyrics of "Gēchàng Zǔguó (歌唱祖国)" by Wang Xin
National song lyrics have great potential as a linguistic medium in conveying ideology and shaping the collective spirit of society. Amid increasing attention to the role of language in the construction of National identity, it is important to examine how meaning in song lyrics works Semantically. This study analyses the Semantic meaning in the lyrics of the song "Gēchàng Zǔguó (歌唱祖国)" by Wang Xin using Leech's (1974) theoretical approach. This song was chosen because it contains the value of Nationalism and Chinese ideological symbols. The method used is Descriptive Qualitative with observation, recording and documentation techniques. The results show that Conceptual meaning dominates the song lyrics, especially through Geographical representation, State symbols, and the role of the people. In addition, the Connotative and Affective meanings also reinforce the spirit of nationality, love for the country, and historical pride. The song proves that lyrics can be a linguistic medium that conveys National ideology and identity.
Semantics, Song Lyrics, Nationalism, Gēchàng Zǔguó, Mandarin Language
Analysis of the Relationship Between Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Chinese Language Education Students Class of 2022 Semarang State University in the Chuji Hanyu Xiezuo Xia Course
This study aims to analyse the relationship between motivation and learning outcomes of Chinese language education students in the 2022 batch of Semarang State University in the Chuji Hanyu Xiezuo Xia course". It is hoped that this research can help to identify university students' Chinese learning motivation, especially in basic Chinese writing courses or (初级汉语写作下 Chūjí Hànyǔ Xiězuò Xià). This study uses a quantitative approach, this study aims to determine the effect between the independent variable, namely the learning motivation of Chinese language education students class of 2022 on the dependent variable, namely the value or learning outcomes (UAS) in the Chuji Hanyu Xiezuo Xia course. The significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.008 indicates that the correlation results are statistically significant. In hypothesis testing, since the sig value (0.008) is smaller than 0.05, there is a significant relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes. This, the data shows that there is a relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes in Chinese Language Education students class of 2022 at Semarang State University in the Chuji Hanyu Xiezuo Xia course. There is a relationship between learning motivation and learning outcomes in Chinese Language Education students class of 2022, Semarang State University in Chuji Hanyu Xiezuo Xia course.
Relationship Motivation Learning Outcomes Writing Skills Chinese Language
Operative Learning Model Using The 'Snowball Throwing' Method in Teaching Mandarin Vocabulary
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Snowball Throwing learning model in improving students’ reading skills in Mandarin language classes. The research was conducted at SMA PL Don Bosko Semarang with students of class XII 5 as participants. A quantitative approach was employed using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected through reading tests administered before and after the application of the learning model. The results showed a significant increase in students’ posttest scores, indicating that the Snowball Throwing model had a positive impact on students' Mandarin reading abilities. The interactive and collaborative nature of the model encouraged active student participation and enhanced comprehension through peer discussion. These findings suggest that Snowball Throwing is an effective strategy for improving reading skills in foreign language learning, particularly in high school settings. reading skills.
cooperative learning, Snowball Throwing, Reading skills Mandarin Language High School
Analysis of Tone Pronounciation in Beginner-Level Students of Mandarin Language Education Program at Semarang State University (UNNES) Using PRAAT Program Assistance
Mandarin Chinese is one of the languages that uses a tonal system, errors in tone pronunciation can lead to differences in meaning. Pronunciation differences can be directly perceived by experts, but with the advancement of technology today, detailed differences can be observed through sound processing programs or applications. This study uses PRAAT as an auxiliary sound processing tool, which can display pitch curves of voices and show the frequencies used to analyze tone pronunciation. The subjects of this study are undergraduate students from the class of 2024 of the Mandarin Language Education program at UNNES, at the beginner level. The study uses a descriptive quantitative approach, with the tone pronunciation analysis results of native speakers used as a comparison to the students' tone pronunciations. Data collection techniques in this research include observation, recording field notes, and documentation. The results of this study show that 19.19% of students pronounced tone 1 with a rising frequency, 22.7% of students pronounced tone 2 with a low frequency difference, making it sound similar to tone 1, and more than 93% of students pronounced tone 4 with a high frequency spike. This research is expected to provide a reference for developers of technology-based language learning applications to improve pronunciation analysis features. In addition, it is hoped that this research can contribute to the field of phonetics and serve as a reference for similar studies.
Mandarin language, PRAAT, Tone Frequency
Development of Hanzi Radical Learning Media 女字旁 (nǚ zì páng) for Students of the Chinese Language Education Program at State University of Semarang
This study aims to develop an innovative learning medium in the form of a pull the tab pop-up book focusing on the understanding of the hanzi radical 女 (nǚ zì páng) for students of the Chinese Language Education Program at Universitas Negeri Semarang. The research is motivated by students difficulties in memorizing and understanding the complex structure and meaning of hanzi. The methodology questionnaires, product design, expert validation, and revision stages. The resulting product is printed on ivory paper with attractive colored visuals, organizing hanzi characters by stroke count, complete with pinyin and translations. Validation results from media and content experts indicate the media is suitable as a learning aid. The validation results of the instructional media by the subject matter expert obtained an average score of 87,4, which falls within score level 4, indicating it is highly appropriate. Meanwhile, validation by the media expert yielded an average score of 86,8 also classified within score level 4, suggesting the media is highly suitable for use. These results were accompanied by improvement suggestions to enhance the quality and effectiveness of the media’s utilization.
learning media, hanzi, radical 女, pull the tab
Development of The Word Candy Game as a Media to Improve Chinese Vocabulary
This research is motivated by the learning media in the Chuji Hanyu Xiezuo Shang class which not yet using learning media in the form of games, this makes an opportunity to develop new innovations to support teaching and learning activities in the form of Word Candy game to improve mastery of chinese vocabulary. The objectives of this research are: 1) Describes the needs of students for Word Candy media in improving vocabulary mastery, 2) Describes the results of the prototype development of Word Candy media in mastering Chinese, 3) Describes the results of expert validation of Word Candy media in mastering vocabulary in learning Chinese. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with five stages, namely: 1) potential and problems, 2) data collection, 3) product design, 4) design validation, and 5) design revision. Based on the needs analysis, it shows that Word Candy media is approved as a learning medium by both lecturers and students. Proven by the results of validation from media experts getting an average value of 88.4 with a score of 4 which is said that this media is very feasible to use, while validation from material experts shows an average value of 88.5 with a score of 4 which is included in the category of very feasible/appropriate to use as a learning medium. After that, the media was improved according to the suggestions given by media experts and material experts.
Development, Candy Word, Games, Chinese Language
Implementation of Classical Chinese Philosophical Values to Contemporary Chinese Language Learning in Indonesia
This study aims to explore how classical Chinese philosophical values can be integrated into Mandarin language learning in Indonesia. This research used qualitative approach, The data was collected through interviews and open questionnaire. The main technique used was semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions to gain in-depth understanding from participants. The informants consist of five university teachers in Indonesia, 5-7 years of teaching experience. Open questionnaire was distributed to students of Chinese study programs in Indonesia. The study reveals that the integration of Chinese philosophical values—particularly Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism—into education in Indonesia occurs through both implicit and explicit approaches. Implicit implementation is more prevalent, where moral values such as ethics, justice, honesty, wisdom, trust, humanity, and respect are naturally embedded in daily learning interactions. Explicit implementation is primarily confined to specialized courses, such as Chinese literature, culture, and philosophy, where classical texts, proverbs, and case studies are used to teach philosophical concepts.
Souvenirs as Cultural Symbols: A Case Study of Panda Symbolism and the Chinese Knot from China
This study explores the role of souvenirs as cultural symbols, focusing on two iconic representations from China: the panda and the Chinese knot. In the context of global tourism, souvenirs serve not only as mementos but also as representations of a nation's identity and cultural values. The study applies Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic theory to analyze two iconic Chinese souvenirs: the panda and the Chinese knot. Using qualitative textual analysis, it explores how these symbols function within the triadic semiotic framework—representamen (the physical form), object (the cultural meaning), and interpretant (the perceived interpretation). The key findings highlight that the panda, as a national symbol, not only embodies China’s identity and commitment to conservation but also serves as a tool of cultural diplomacy, promoting a peaceful image globally. Meanwhile, the Chinese knot reflects Confucian values such as harmony, good fortune, and eternity, while also showcasing the aesthetic and philosophical aspects of traditional Chinese craftsmanship. This study demonstrates that souvenirs act as powerful media of cultural communication and play a role in shaping global perceptions and strengthening a nation's identity. Therefore, souvenirs should be studied not only from economic and tourism perspectives but also through cultural and semiotic lenses.
Enhancing Mandarin Speaking Skills through Job Interview Simulations for Students in the MBKM MSIB Selection Program
This study aims to explore and measure the effectiveness of instructional materials based on job interview simulations in improving students’ Mandarin speaking skills, particularly as a systematic and contextual preparation for the selection process of the Certified Internship and Independent Study Program (MSIB) under the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) scheme. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observation and students’ verbal responses during simulations, while quantitative data were obtained from pretests and posttests. Initial findings showed that students struggled to comprehend interview questions and provide coherent, appropriate answers. After the simulation sessions, significant improvements were observed in fluency, word choice, intonation, and contextual understanding and response. These results emphasize the urgency of integrating simulation-based learning into Mandarin speaking instruction to prepare students for professional communication in the workplace. This article recommends applying a similar model in other foreign language programs and suggests the development of interactive and adaptive digital instructional resources.
An Analysis of "来/去" Errors in Chinese Directional Complements by Indonesian Students
Mandarin Chinese directional complements present a significant and well-documented challenge for Indonesian learners. This study delves into the intricacies of this grammatical aspect, aiming to identify the specific difficulties encountered by Indonesian students and to propose effective pedagogical strategies. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, beginning with a comparative linguistic analysis of complement expression in both Mandarin Chinese and Indonesian to pinpoint potential areas of linguistic interference. Subsequently, a questionnaire is administered to Indonesian students learning Mandarin to gather empirical data on their comprehension and application of directional complements. Furthermore, a detailed error analysis is conducted on student-produced language samples, focusing specifically on the use of “来/去” (lái/qù) and other directional complement structures. The findings of this study illuminate the multifaceted reasons behind the observed errors, encompassing negative transfer from the learners' first language, individual learner variables such as learning styles and aptitude, environmental factors influencing language acquisition, and the potential inadequacies of current teaching materials and methodologies. Ultimately, this research culminates in the formulation of targeted teaching suggestions and practical methods designed to mitigate these challenges and enhance the learning experience for Indonesian students striving to master Chinese directional complements.
Chinese Directional Complements, Indonesian Learners, Error Analysis
Implementation of Culturally Responsive Teaching as a Reinforcement for Prospective Chinese Language Teachers to be Adaptive and Responsive
The graduate profile of the Chinese Language Education Study Program aims to produce Chinese language teachers who can both teach and conduct research on Chinese language learning issues. Culturally responsive teaching is a method for developing adaptive and responsive educators. Chinese language teachers who are culturally responsive will be able to connect Chinese culture with students' backgrounds and create meaningful learning by utilizing cultural knowledge and students' learning styles. This research aims to analyse the distribution of courses in the Chinese Language Education curriculum in Indonesia that adopt culturally responsive teaching; identify the implementation of culturally responsive teaching for strengthening prospective Chinese language teachers; and explain the factors hindering and supporting the success of culturally responsive teaching for strengthening prospective Chinese teachers. The research method used is qualitative research, utilizing an observational descriptive qualitative approach. The study was conducted to systematically describe the phenomenon of culturally responsive teaching based on factual data. Data collection techniques include literature review, documentation, observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The results of this study show that the Chinese Language Education programs in Indonesia have adopted culturally responsive teaching in their curricula, both in education-focused and non-education-focused programs. This implementation helps prospective teachers understand the relationship between language and culture, although various challenges remain, such as a lack of training, limited resources, negative attitudes, and high workloads. However, success is also evident through teacher commitment and interest, institutional support, integrated curriculum, technology and learning media use, and interdisciplinary approaches. With continuous evaluation and proper support, culturally responsive teaching has the potential to further enhance the competencies of prospective Chinese language teachers in implementing culturally responsive teaching.
Analysis of Listening Skills in The HSK 4 Test Simulation Among Mandarin Department Students at University in Makassar
This research, titled Analysis of Listening Skills in the HSK 4 Test Simulation Among Mandarin Language Department Students at a University in Makassar, identifies factors or obstacles that may affect the Mandarin language learning of fourth-semester students, particularly in relation to errors made during the HSK 4 listening simulation test, based on results collected through Google Forms and Zoom. Due to a lack of understanding of the question context and audio conversations, many participants made mistakes in answering the questions. This study aims to analyze the listening skills of fourth-semester students in the Mandarin language education program at a university in Makassar in completing the HSK 4 listening simulation test.
HSK 4, Listening Skills, Test Simulation, Learning Method
Discursive Constructions of Patriarchy in Mulan (2020): A Study of Language, Culture, and Power
This study investigates the representation of Chinese patriarchal culture through linguistic expressions in Disney’s 2020 live-action film Mulan. Employing a descriptive-qualitative method and grounded in a sociolinguistic framework, particularly the intersection of language and gender, this research analyzes how patriarchal values are encoded in character dialogue. A relational analysis approach, informed by gender and family relation theories, reveals distinct speech patterns between male and female characters. Male characters predominantly use declarative and evaluative speech acts characterized by positive metaphorical expressions, signifying authority and affirmation within the societal hierarchy. Conversely, female characters’ utterances are largely expressive and commissive in nature, often marked by negative metaphors, reflecting marginalization and constrained agency. The findings suggest that patriarchal cultural norms continue to shape social expectations and restrict women’s participation in the public sphere. Within the narrative, gender roles are assigned based on biological sex rather than individual competence or evolving social identities, underscoring the persistence of gender-based power asymmetries in Chinese patriarchal discourse.
Patriarchy, Discourse, Mulan (2020), Power, Culture
Students’ Perceptions Toward Business Mandarin (Study Program of Mandarin for Business and Professional Communication)
Mandarin is the most widely spoken language in the world. Besides that, learning Mandarin in the business field also opens up wider business opportunities, improves communication effectiveness, increases self-confidence, improves negotiation skills, and improves social interaction. The purpose of this study is to identify student perceptions of the importance of Mandarin in the business world. The population in this study were all first, second, and third year undergraduate students of applied Mandarin for Business and Professional Communication at Bosowa University, totaling 15 people. Researchers used the theory of perception and data collection techniques using in-depth interviews. Researchers used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach as a method in this study. After analyzing the data, the researcher found many students' positive perceptions about learning Mandarin in the business sector, where they acknowledged the relatively rapid expansion of Chinese companies, especially in the industrial and franchising fields. This shows that Mandarin can be well received by students. But there are also some students who still don't understand what business examples will be applied in the future. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of learning Mandarin especially in the business sector. In addition, this research is also a reference for writers in improving Mandarin, especially in the business world to meet the needs and expectations of students in the Mandarin Study Program for Business and Professional Communication, Bosowa University.
Keywords: Students’ perception, business expansion, opportunity, Chinese company.
A Translation Study of the Meaning and Aesthetics of Drama Subtitles of When We Were Young (人不彪悍枉少年) as Literary Works on WeTV Channel Indonesia: A Review of Literary Translation Theory
This study aims to analyze the translation of the meaning and aesthetics of the subtitles of the drama When We Were Young (人不彪悍枉少年) aired on the YouTube channel WeTV Indonesia, as well as discuss the translation of this drama as a literary work. The main focus of this study is to understand how the translator overcame linguistic and cultural challenges in translating the dialog-drama which is full of Chinese idioms and cultural expressions into Indonesian. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design to analyze the subtitle texts. The data used are purposively selected drama subtitles from several episodes that contain idiomatic and metaphorical elements. Literary translation theories, such as equivalence theory by Nida (1964), domestication vs. foreignization theory by Venuti (1995), and audiovisual translation theory by Gottlieb (1994), are applied in this analysis to explore how translators balance between fidelity to the source text and the limitations of subtitle space. The study found that translators often adopt a domestication approach to ease the understanding of Indonesian audiences, while still trying to maintain the original aesthetics and cultural nuances of the source text. The findings make an important contribution to the study of literary translation, especially in the context of audiovisual translation which requires attention to linguistic and cultural aspects simultaneously.
Chinese Drama, Audiovisual Translation, Chinese Idioms, Metaphors in Translation, Subtitle Limitations