Enforcement of Therapeutic Transaction Arrangements as an Instrument of Legal Protection for Patients with Mental Disorders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/lslr.v10i1.20655Keywords:
Therapeutic Transactions, Legal Protection, Mental Health, Informed Consent, RegulationAbstract
Mental health services face unique challenges because they involve vulnerable patients, requiring strong legal protections. Therapeutic transactions, based on trust, rights, and obligations between patients and health professionals, play a key role in ensuring effective care. However, in Indonesia, challenges remain, including weak implementation of informed consent, limited awareness of patient rights, and inadequate oversight of ethical and legal violations. These issues can lead to malpractice, privacy violations, and inequities in mental health care. This study explores the importance of strengthening Law No. 17 of 2023 as a new and previously unstudied health law that regulates therapeutic transactions to protect the rights of patients with mental disorders. Using a normative legal method, this study analyzes laws, case studies, and academic literature to identify areas for improvement. This study recommends harmonizing regulations with Law No. 17 of 2023 on health, improving informed consent procedures tailored to mental health patients, and enforcing strict sanctions for ethical and legal violations. Additionally, enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers through training, certification, and regular supervision is crucial to maintaining service quality and accountability. Strengthened regulations can create a more fair and transparent relationship between patients and healthcare workers, while also increasing public trust in mental health services. These measures are not only legal protective tools but also steps toward ensuring humane, professional, and fair mental health services. In conclusion, strengthening therapeutic transaction regulations is essential for protecting patient rights, enhancing accountability, and promoting high-quality mental health services that respect human dignity.
References
Almaida, Zennia Imanullah, Mochammad Najib. “PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PREVENTIF DAN REPRESIF BAGI PENGGUNA UANG ELEKTRONIK DALAM MELAKUKAN TRANSAKSI TOL NONTUNAI.” Jurnal Privat Law 9, no. 1 (2021): 218–26. https://doi.org/10.20961/privat.v9i1.28858.
Aribowo, Bonifasius Nadya, B. Resti Nurhayati, and Sofyan Dahlan. “PERSEPSI PASIEN TENTANG ASPEK HUKUM PERIKATAN UPAYA (INSPANNING VERBINTENIS) DALAM TRANSAKSI TERAPEUTIK ANTARA DOKTER DENGAN PASIEN DI RSUD KOTA SALATIGA.” SOEPRA 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2018): 52. https://doi.org/10.24167/shk.v3i1.696.
Asvatham, Ni Komang Hyang Permata Danu Purwani, Sagung Putri M. E. “PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERDATA TENAGA MEDIS APABILA MELAKUKAN MALAPRAKTIK MEDIS.” Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 4 (2020): 510–19.
Bartels, Sophia M., Paula Cardenas, José M. Uribe-Restrepo, Leonardo Cubillos, William C. Torrey, Sergio M. Castro, Makeda J. Williams, Diana Goretty Oviedo-Manrique, Carlos Gómez-Restrepo, and Lisa A. Marsch. “Barriers and Facilitators to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Primary Care in Colombia: Perspectives of Providers, Healthcare Administrators, Patients and Community Representatives.” Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English Ed.) 50 (July 2021): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.01.001.
Campos, Luísa, Pedro Dias, Ana Duarte, Elisa Veiga, Cláudia Camila Dias, and Filipa Palha. “Is It Possible to ‘Find Space for Mental Health’ in Young People? Effectiveness of a School-Based Mental Health Literacy Promotion Program.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (July 6, 2018): 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071426.
Dimyati, Khudzaifah. Pemikiran Hukum: Konstruksi Epistemologis Berbasis Budaya Hukum Indonesia. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2014.
Flora, Henny Saida. “FUNGSI INFORMED CONSENT BAGI DOKTER DAN PASIEN DALAM TINDAKAN MEDIS.” Fiat Iustitia: Jurnal Hukum, 2024, 101–12.
Gosal, Vini H. R., Aaltje E. Manampiring, and Caecilia Waha. “Perilaku Profesional Tenaga Medis Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Etik Dan Transaksi Terapeutik Dalam Menjalankan Kewenangan Klinis.” Medical Scope Journal 4, no. 1 (September 27, 2022): 1. https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v4i1.41689.
Graham, Suzanne, and John Brookey. “Do Patients Understand?” The Permanente Journal 12, no. 3 (September 2008): 67–69. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/07-144.
Habeahan, Pasaribu Shaluhiyah, Zahroh Sutiningsih, Dwi. “Pelayanan Kesehatan Jiwa Dan Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya Di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat,” n.d.
Hadjon, Philipus M. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia. Surabaya: Bina Ilmu, 1987.
Hanafiah, M. Jusuf. Etika Kedokteran Dan Hukum Kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2017. https://lib.ui.ac.id.
Handayani, Trisni, Dian Ayubi, and Dien Anshari. “Literasi Kesehatan Mental Orang Dewasa Dan Penggunaan Pelayanan Kesehatan Mental.” Perilaku Dan Promosi Kesehatan: Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 9. https://doi.org/10.47034/ppk.v2i1.3905.
Hidayat, Rif’atul. “HAK ATAS DERAJAT PELAYANAN KESEHATAN YANG OPTIMAL.” Syariah Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran 16, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 127. https://doi.org/10.18592/sy.v16i2.1035.
Isfandyarie, Anny. Tanggung Jawab Hukum Dan Sanksi Bagi Dokter. Prestasi Pustaka, 2006. http://digilib.uki.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=219&keywords=.
“Karakteristik Penalaran Hukum Dalam Konteks Keindonesiaan.” Perpustakaan Universitas Wiraraja. Accessed January 13, 2025. http://perpus.wiraraja.ac.id/opac/index.php?p=show_detail&id=1113&keywords=.
Komalawati, Veronica. “KOMPETENSI DAN KEWENANGAN PRAKTIK KEDOKTERAN: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM DI INDONESIA.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum DE’JURE: Kajian Ilmiah Hukum 3, no. 1 (2018): 147–66. https://doi.org/10.35706/dejure.v3i1.1891.
Komalawati, Veronica.Peranan Informed Consent Dalam Transaksi Terapeutik: Persetujuan Dalam Hubungan Dokter Dan Pasien: Suatu Tinjauan Yuridis. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 1999.
“Konferensi Ilmiah Tahunan Kesehatan Jiwa Indonesia: Saatnya Bicara Kesehatan Jiwa – Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik – Universitas Indonesia.” FISIP UI. Accessed January 13, 2025. https://fisip.ui.ac.id/konferensi-ilmiah-tahunan-kesehatan-jiwa-indonesia-saatnya-bicara-kesehatan-jiwa/.
Makasenggehe, Christiana Jullia. “ASPEK HUKUM TRANSAKSI TERAPEUTIK ANTARA TENAGA MEDIS DENGAN PASIEN.” LEX PRIVATUM 12, no. 1 (2023). https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/49315.
Maradona, Maradona, Silviana Damayanti. “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak Pasien Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Di Kota Batu.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 2 (2023): 7406–17. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i2.1627.
Muhammad Japar, Abdul Haris Semendawai, Muhammad Fahruddin, and Hermanto. “Hukum Kesehatan Ditinjau Dari Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia.” Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2024): 952–61. https://doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.5.1.9290.952-961.
Muhtamar, Syafruddin, and Muhammad Ashri. “Dikotomi Moral Dan Hukum Sebagai Problem Epistemologis Dalam Konstitusi Modern.” Jurnal Filsafat 30, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 123. https://doi.org/10.22146/jf.42562.
Ohoiwutun, Y. A. Triana. Bunga Rampai Hukum Kedokteran: Tinjauan Dari Berbagai Peraturan Perundangan Dan UU Praktik Kedokteran. Malang: Bayumedia Pub, 2007.
Pasaribu Habeahan, Rosdiana Oktaviani, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, and Dwi Sutiningsih. “Pelayanan Kesehatan Jiwa Dan Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya Di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat : Literature Review.” Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) 6, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 1047–56. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v6i6.3507.
Perwira, Indra. Memahami Kesehatan Sebagai Hak Asasi Manusia. Jakarta: eLSAM, 2014.
Philipus. Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia, n.d.
“POLA HUBUNGAN HUKUM ANTARA DOKTER DAN PASIEN.” Maksigama, n.d. https://maksigama.wisnuwardhana.ac.id/index.php/maksigama/article/view/88.
Pristiandaru, Danur Lambang. “Jumlah Rumah Sakit Di Indonesia Meningkat, Tapi Masih Belum Merata.” KOMPAS.Com, 2024. https://lestari.kompas.com/read/2024/03/18/140000686/jumlah-rumah-sakit-di-indonesia-meningkat-tapi-masih-belum-merata.
Priyadi, Aris. “KONTRAK TERAPEUTIK/ PERJANJIAN ANTARA DOKTER DENGAN PASIEN.” Jurnal Media Komunikasi Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan 2, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 183–92. https://doi.org/10.23887/jmpppkn.v2i1.134.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: PT Citra Aditya Bakti, 2014.
Rahmiyati, Rahmiyati, Y. Trihoni Nalesti Dewi, C. Tjahjono Kuntjoro, and PJ Soepratignja. “The Rights to Informed Consent to Mental Disorder Patient in The Action of Premedication Electro Convulsif Therapy (ECT) at Regional Mental Hospital of Dr. Amino Gondohutomo of Central Java Province.” SOEPRA 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2020). https://doi.org/10.24167/shk.v6i1.1990.
Rasjidi, Lili Putra, I. B. Wyasa. Hukum Sebagai Suatu Sistem. 2nd ed. Bandung: Mandar Maju, 2003.
Rezki Pebrina, Anggun, Johni Najwan, and Evalina Alissa. “Fungsi Penerapan Informed Consent Sebagai Persetujuan Pada Perjanjian Terapeutik.” Zaaken: Journal of Civil and Business Law 3, no. 3 (November 26, 2022). https://doi.org/10.22437/zaaken.v3i3.18966.
Sadock, B. J. Sadock, V. A. Levin, Z. Kaplan and Sadock’s Study Guide and Self-Examination Review in Psychiatry. Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ldvu3enj91oC.
Sartika, Umi. “PENGARUH INFLASI, TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA, KURS, HARGA MINYAK DUNIA DAN HARGA EMAS DUNIA TERHADAP IHSG DAN JII DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA.” BALANCE Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Bisnis 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 285. https://doi.org/10.32502/jab.v2i2.1180.
Setyawan, Febri Endra Budi. “Komunikasi Medis: Hubungan Dokter-Pasien.” MAGNA MEDICA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan 1, no. 4 (February 6, 2018): 51. https://doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.1.4.2017.51-57.
Soeparto, P. Etik Dan Hukum Di Bidang Kesehatan. 2nd ed. Airlangga University Press, 2006.
Sudirman, Antonius. “Merelevansikan Hukum Dengan Perubahan Sosial.” Jurnal Kopertis Wilayah IX Sulawesi: Prospek, no. 27 (2003).
Umam, Achmad Rizaldi. “Hak Otonomi Pasien Dalam Menentukan Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran Berdasarkan Transaksi Terapeutik.” Jurist-Diction 5, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 1625–50. https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v5i5.38428.
Winurini, Sulis. "Penanganan kesehatan mental di Indonesia." Info Singkat 15, no. 20 (2023): 2014-2017.
Whiteford, Harvey A., Alize J. Ferrari, Louisa Degenhardt, Valery Feigin, and Theo Vos. “The Global Burden of Mental, Neurological and Substance Use Disorders: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.” Edited by Gianluigi Forloni. PLOS ONE 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2015): e0116820. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116820.
Widjaja, Gunawan Firmansyah, Yohanes. “INFORMED CONSENT.” Cross-Border 4, no. 1 (n.d.): 539–52.
Downloads
Published
Article ID
20655Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggraeni Endah Kusumaningrum, Siti Farahiyah Ab Rahim, Mahesa Paranadipa Maikel (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the view of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions. Authors retain the copyrights under this license, see our copyrights notice.
