Criminal Law Reform Through the Classification: Toward a Restorative Sanctions in Indonesian Immigration Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15294/lslr.v9i1.21929Keywords:
Law Reform, Fines Classification, Immigration Law, Ultimum Remedium, Restorative JusticeAbstract
The enactment of the National Criminal Code in 2023 marks a significant shift in Indonesia's sentencing policy by promoting the ultimum remedium principle and prioritizing fines as the main form of punishment. These reforms aim to address the long-standing problem of prison overcapacity caused by the overuse of prison sentences and to promote restorative justice. The National Penal Code introduces a structured classification of fines, providing clear categories to reduce sentencing disparities and anticipate economic fluctuations. This classification is intended to serve as a reference for specific legislation, including the Immigration Act, where the main criminal sanction consists of imprisonment with fines as an alternative or cumulative punishment. This normative juridical research examines the integration of the National Criminal Code fine classification into the immigration law enforcement framework in Indonesia. The findings of this study reveal that although administrative measures such as deportation are more often imposed in practice, the lack of deterrent effect is still a concern. Integrating fine classification into immigration administrative measures offers a balanced solution by combining procedural efficiency with the deterrent effect. This research recommends harmonizing administrative fines with the classification system in the National Criminal Code to enhance fairness, legal certainty, and deterrence of violations in immigration law enforcement while ensuring the protection of individual rights.
References
Albrecht, Hans-jörg, “Sanction Policies and Alternative Measures To Incarceration: European Experiences With Intermediate and Alternative Criminal Penalties”, Policy Review 2 (1987).
A'an Efendi, Freddy Poernomo, Hukum Administrasi, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2017.
Bayu Dwi Anggono et.all, Hukum Keimigrasian, Depok: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2022.
Chandra, Erika Magdalena, “Victimless Crime in Indonesia: Should We Punished Them? Kejahatan Tanpa Korban di Indonesia: Haruskah Kita Menghukumnya? A . Introduction According to Joseph F . Winterscheid in His Article Victimless Crimes: The Threshold Question and Beyond, the D” 6, No. 2 (2019): 216–32.
Friedman, Lawrence M. Sistem Hukum Perspektif Ilmu Sosial, Bandung: Nusa Media, 2009.
Havid, Ajat Sudrajat, Formalitas Keimigrasian dalam Perspektif Sejarah, Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi Departemen Hukum dan HAM, 2008
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, (2012).
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, (2011).
Indonesia, Undang -Undang Nomor 63 Tahun 2023 tentang Perubahan Ketiga Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian, (2023).
Indonesia, Undang Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana, (2023).
Irianto, Sulistyowati, Jan Michiel Otto, Sebastian Pompe, Adriaan W. Bedner, Jacqueline Vel, Suzan Stoter, and Julia Arnscheidt. Kajian Sosio-Legal (Seri Unsur-Unsur Penyusun Bangunan Negara Hukum). Kajian Sosio-Legal. Bali: Pustaka Larasan, 2012. http://ikuswahyono.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2015/10/bbrl-socio-legal-studies-final.pdf.
Ishaq, Metode Penelitian Hukum, Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, Serta Disertasi, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2020.
Iswara, Diaz Ratna, and Taufiq Nugroho. “The Effect of Restorative Justice for Drug Users on the Overcapacity of Correctional Facility in Solo City” Ajudikasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Volume 8 Nomor 1, Juni 2024. hlm. 13-26 https://doi.org/10.30656/ajudikasi.v8i1.8399
Jati, Ilham Panunggal, “Implikasi Overcapacity Terhadap Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Indonesia.” Cepalo 3, no. 2 (2019): 77. https://doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v3no2.1847.
Jazim Hamidi, Charles Christian, Hukum Keimigrasian Bagi Orang Asing di Indonesia, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2015.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud, Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2015.
Moeljatno, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, (1946).
Muladi, Barda Nawawi Arief, Teori-Teori dan Kebijakan Pidana, Bandung: PT Alumni, 2010.
Napitulu, Erasmus A.T, Genveva Alicia KS Maya, Iftithasari, and M. Eka Ari Pramuditya, “Hukuman Tanpa Penjara Pengaturan, Pelaksanaan, dan Proyeksi Hukuman Non Penjara Non Pemenjaraan di Indonesia”, Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR), 2019.
Ridwan, HR, Hukum Administrasi Negara, Edisi Revisi, Depok: RajaGrafindo Persada, 2020.
Santoso, Iman, Perspektif Imigrasi dalam United Nation Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, Jakarta: Perum Percetakan Negara, 2007
Soekanto, Soerjono. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum. Cetakan 17, Depok: PT RajaGrafindo Persada, 2021.
———. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. 6th ed. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia, 1986.
Sudewo, Fajar Ari. “Penologi dan Teori Pemidanaan.” Penologi dan Teori Pemidanaan 1 (2022): 32.
Syahrin, M. Alvi. “Polarisasi Penegakan Hukum Keimigrasian Kontemporer: Aksiologi Normatif - Empiris.” Majalah Hukum Nasional 49, no. 1 (2019): 59–89. https://doi.org/10.33331/mhn.v49i1.93.
Syam, Asmadi. “Measuring the Concept of Restoration in Criminal Justice System.” Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum 16, no. 2 (2022): 363. https://doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2022.v16.363-376.
Wangga, Maria Silvya E. “Implementation of Restorative Justice in Criminal Cases in Indonesia.” Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews 1, no. 3 (2022): 109–15. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1996.01.03.25.
Downloads
Published
Article ID
21929Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Maidah Purwanti, Sigid Suseno, Idris Idris, Erika Magdalena Chandra (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the view of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions. Authors retain the copyrights under this license, see our copyrights notice.
