Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
type: channel
description: Paramita: Historical Studies Journal starting in 2024 migrates from OJS 2 to OJS 3 to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, a peer review journal, is published by History Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society). Paramita firstly was published in 1990 based on SIT: No. 100/ PT 36 H.FIS/ 1990 and ISSN: 0854-0039. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal also has elecronic ISSN: 2407-5825. Since 2016, Paramita: Historical Studies Journal has accredited (A) based on Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia No: 36a/E/KPT/2016, issued on 23 Mei 2016. Since 2018-2020, Paramita: Historical Studies Journal is categorized as Peringkat I (Sinta I) based on Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor 30/E/KPT/2018 tentang Hasil Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah periode 2 tahun 2018. Since 2020-2024 our journal still categorized as Peringkat I (Sinta I) based on Keputusan Menteri Riset dan Teknologi/Kelapa Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasioinal Nomor 200/M/KPT/2020 tentang Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode 3 tahun 2020. Every year Paramita publishes thirty articles for two issues in March and September. The range of carried studies in the publication includes history, historiography, history of education, and history education. At that time, the editorial staff of Paramita: Historical Studies Journal is led by Prof. Dr. Wasino, M.Hum. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal editorial staff is located in by History Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang at Sekaran Campus, fir…
publisher: istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)
language: en
publication name: Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
issn: 0854-0039
items: Historical Trajectories of Indonesia’s Fiscal Gap and Military Spending, 2003–2023
items: The Intellectual History of Entrepreneurship Education in Indonesian Higher Education
items: Correspondence Between the Johor Palace and Arab Merchants: A Historical Documentation Study in the 19th Century
items: Designing a Democratic Education Curriculum through History Learning for High School Students
items: Kazakh Ethnogenesis and The Formation of Turkic Identity in Central Asia: A Historical and Cultural Analysis
items: The Expansionist Politics of Sultan Agung and Turning Away the Sea in the 17th Century: Rereading Javanese Historiography
items: Reactualization of Sundanese Local Hero Figure’s Values to Foster Student Character in History Education
items: Becoming a Global Village: The History of Globalization in Bali
items: Study of Corporal Punishment in Schools in Indonesia, 1966-2014
items: Investigating Local Historical Figures: The Implementation of the PjBL Model to Increase Historical Literacy
items: Total Diplomacy, Total History: Military Historians and the Indonesian Peace Corps
items: Historical Deconstruction of Śrī Mahārāja Śrī Jayāmrta in the Sukun Inscription of 1083 Śaka
items: The Development of 6Cs Skills through Project-Based Learning ‘Masyarakat Belajar Sejarah’ (History Learning Society)
items: Reimagining History Education: A Critical Exploration of Transforming University Historical Laboratories into Educational Tourism Destinations
items: The Role of Civic Associations in Ethnic Conflicts in Medan and Ambon, Indonesia
items: Constructing Narratives: Indonesia-Australia Relations in Indonesian History Textbooks
items: Customary Land Rights and Postcolonial Land Governance: The Case of Pakel Village, Indonesia, 1950s-1980s
items: Forging A New Nation: The Role of Youth Radicalism in Semarang’s Revolutionary Struggle, 1945-1947
items: From Tradition to Industrialization: A Historical Study on the Transformation of Indonesia’s Jamu Industry
items: Between Modernization and Marginalization: A Historical Analysis of Colonial Health Policies in Semarang and Their Postcolonial Legacy
items: Dai Nippon Forced Labor Politics, 1943-1945: Romusha Rendezvous at Muaro Sijunjung Lane, Sijunjung Regency
items: The Janissary Army during the Reign of Sultan Mahmud II of Ottoman Turkey, 1808-1826
items: The Joint Commitment of Malukan Nationalist: The Revolutionary Axis Against the Dutch (NICA) Police Actions
items: History of Education in Cambodia: A Review of Literature From Past to Present
items: History Learning Based on Local Wisdom Sanghyang Sikskandang Karesian
items: Building a Fortress of Independent Journalism: Historical Study of the Role of Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) in Indonesia, 1994-1999
items: Transformation Bedhaya Dance in Java Society: Rituals, Ceremonials, Entertainment
items: Iconographic Studies Poster of the Exhibition and Night Market of the Dutch East Indies and Europe, 1930s Colonial Period
items: Teaching Model of the Algemeene Middelbare School A-1 Eastern Literature Major (AMS A-1) in Solo, 1926-1932
items: Bahder Djohan’s Struggle: The Doctor’s Contribution to National Independence, Language, Emancipation, Social Affairs, and Education

Historical Trajectories of Indonesia’s Fiscal Gap and Military Spending, 2003–2023
type: item
description: Abstract: Military spending reflects a nation's priorities and its geopolitical orientation, but in Indonesia it has been compromised by chronic fiscal deficits. The aim of this research was to analyze the historical trajectories of Indonesia’s fiscal gap in military spending from 20023 to 2023 by situating national development within broader global conflicts, including Russia-Ukraine war. A historical method was employed by applying synchronic and diachronic analysis, drawing on archival data from the state budget, official reports from the Ministry of Finance, publications from the SIPRI, and policy documents. The findings demonstrated that historical patterns of defence expenditure consistently revealed a widening fiscal gap between projected requirements and available fiscal capacity. Global geopolitical tensions intensified military modernisation and imposed additional burdens on national budgets. The study concludes that Indonesia’s defence financing challenges cannot be examined solely through contemporary fiscal debates but must be interpreted within a long-term historical narrative of deficit budgeting and external shocks. The contribution of this research lies in advancing historical scholarship on fiscal policy and defence spending while providing policymakers with insights into alternative financing strategies grounded in past experiences and institutional legacies. Abstrak: Belanja militer mencerminkan prioritas suatu negara sekaligus orientasi geopolitiknya, namun di Indonesia hal ini terhambat oleh defisit fiskal yang bersifat kronis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis trajektori historis kesenjangan fiskal dalam pembiayaan pertahanan Indonesia selama periode 2003–2023 dengan menempatkan dinamika nasional dalam konteks konflik global, termasuk perang Rusia–Ukraina. Metode sejarah digunakan dengan menerapkan analisis sinkronik dan diakronik, berdasarkan data arsip Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara, laporan resmi Kementerian Keuangan, publikasi …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Defense Financing
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiscal Gap
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
subject: Military Spending
  topic: keywords
creator: Aris Marsudiyanto
creator: Athor Subroto
creator: Bambang Permadi Soemantri Brodjonegoro
creator: A. Hanief Saha Ghafur
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.32010

The Intellectual History of Entrepreneurship Education in Indonesian Higher Education
type: item
description: Abstract: Entrepreneurship education in Indonesia did not emerge as a sudden response to contemporary economic challenges, but rather evolved through a long, intellectual, and policy-driven process shaped by historical, political, and socio-cultural dynamics. While existing studies predominantly focus on the effectiveness and outcomes of entrepreneurship education, relatively little attention has been paid to its historical and intellectual foundations. This study addresses this gap by examining the intellectual history of entrepreneurship education in Indonesian higher education. Using a qualitative historical approach combined with discourse analysis, the study analyzes primary sources, including education policies, curriculum regulations, and official government documents, alongside secondary academic literature from the 1980s to the present. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship education gradually shifted from a marginal development discourse during the late New Order period to a formally institutionalized component of higher education following the Reformasi era, particularly through the National Education System Law of 2003 and subsequent curriculum reforms. This trajectory reflects a broader paradigm shift from a bureaucratic education model toward one emphasizing innovation, self-reliance, and an entrepreneurial mindset, further reinforced by the Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka policy. The study contributes to the historiography of education by contextualizing entrepreneurship education within Indonesia’s intellectual, ideological, and policy landscape, highlighting the importance of historically grounded perspectives for evaluating current and future educational reforms. Abstrak: Pendidikan kewirausahaan di Indonesia tidak muncul sebagai respons yang tiba-tiba terhadap tantangan ekonomi kontemporer, melainkan berkembang melalui proses panjang yang bersifat intelektual dan digerakkan oleh kebijakan, serta dibentuk oleh dinamika historis, politik, dan sos…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: intellectual history
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurship education
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Imam Shofwan
creator: Sunardi Sunardi
creator: Abdul Rahman
creator: Gunarhadi Gunarhadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
doi: 10.15294/paramita.vi.29939

Correspondence Between the Johor Palace and Arab Merchants: A Historical Documentation Study in the 19th Century
type: item
description: Abstract: Before the arrival of British colonial influence, Johor had developed close economic relations with Arab merchants who were active in sectors such as mining and agriculture. This article examines a series of royal correspondences (warkah) exchanged between the Johor royal court and Arab merchants, which serve as primary evidence of institutional trust and support in economic collaboration. Using the historical documentation method, the study explores both the textual content and the broader historical significance of these letters in the context of Johor’s economic expansion during the 19th century. Primary sources from archival records are analysed alongside secondary literature comprising scholarly works and previous studies. The findings highlight Johor’s open-door economic policy and the diplomatic role of the royal institution in fostering foreign investment, particularly from Arab entrepreneurs. By foregrounding royal correspondence as economic evidence, this study demonstrates how documentary heritage can revise prevailing colonial-era narratives that privilege a single entrepreneurial community, thus advancing Southeast Asian historiography on plural economic agency. It also underscores the policy relevance of archival preservation and digitisation, showing how improved access to warkah enables cross-disciplinary analysis of state-merchant relations and supports sustainable heritage governance. Abstrak: Sebelum datangnya pengaruh kolonial Inggris, Johor telah mengembangkan hubungan ekonomi yang erat dengan para pedagang Arab yang aktif di sektor-sektor seperti pertambangan dan pertanian. Artikel ini menelaah serangkaian korespondensi kerajaan (warkah) yang dipertukarkan antara istana kerajaan Johor dan pedagang Arab, yang menjadi bukti utama adanya kepercayaan institusional dan dukungan dalam kerja sama ekonomi. Dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi sejarah, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi baik isi teks maupun signifikansi historis yang lebih luas da…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arab Merchants
  topic: keywords
subject: Archival Heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Royal Correspondence
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohd Sohaimi Esa
creator: Abang Mohd Razif Abang Muis
creator: Wasino
creator: Jalani Hamdan
creator: Mohamad Shaukhi Mohd Radzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.26097

Designing a Democratic Education Curriculum through History Learning for High School Students
type: item
description: Abstract: The purpose of this research is to discover the capabilities of history teachers in designing the internalization plan for democratic values in history lectures; to understand the implementation process of democratic values in history subjects; and to discover the obstructions in implementing those values in high school. This research uses a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews with three history teachers and twenty students, classroom and school observations, and document analysis at SMAN 2 Ngaglik, a public high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data was then analyzed using the interactive data analysis technique: data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. This research shows democratic education can be applied and assessed concretely in an inclusive and diverse learning environment, using history as a vehicle for developing democratic capacity and forming inclusive citizenship. These thematic findings illustrate a comprehensive approach to democracy education at SMAN 2 Ngaglik, which integrates inclusivity, student-centered pedagogy, civic engagement, tolerance, responsibility, and the use of technology through historical curriculum design and practice. Approaches in schools provide valuable insights and examples for designing inclusive democratic curricula that align with global efforts to develop participatory, tolerant, and autonomous citizens through education. History education can be used as a model of inclusive democratic education closely linked to student diversity and technological innovation, providing valuable new insights and a practical framework for application in pluralistic educational environments. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru sejarah dalam merancang rencana internalisasi nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam pembelajaran sejarah; memahami proses penerapan nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam mata pelajaran sejarah; serta mengidentifikasi hambatan da…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Zulkarnain
creator: Dimas Aldi Pangestu
creator: Muhammad Amirrudin
creator: Gunartati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.25460

Kazakh Ethnogenesis and The Formation of Turkic Identity in Central Asia: A Historical and Cultural Analysis
type: item
description: Abstract: As a representative ethnos of the broader Turkic world in Central Asia, this study examines the historical development and modern identity of the Kazakh people. Tracing a trajectory from early Turkic empires and steppe nomadic traditions to the consolidation of the Kazakh Khanate and Soviet-era transformations, the research highlights the interplay of tribal genealogies, linguistic continuities, and Islamic influences particularly Sufi ethics in shaping Kazakh ethnogenesis. Drawing on historical texts, oral epics, and contemporary cultural practices, the paper positions Kazakhstan as both a historical heartland and a contemporary standard-bearer of Turkic civilisation. In the post-Soviet period, Kazakhstan has actively revitalized its Turkic and Islamic heritage through cultural diplomacy, digital platforms, and multilateral engagement with Turkic-speaking nations. The Kazakh identity, situated at the intersection of Kipchak ancestry, Sufi-Islamic tradition, and Eurasian geopolitics, demonstrates a dynamic continuity of Turkic civilisational identity through cultural memory, symbolic adaptation, and strategic reinvention. These findings not only deepen scholarly understanding of ethnogenesis and identity construction in Central Asia, but also underscore Kazakhstan’s evolving role in cultural diplomacy, heritage preservation, and regional nation-branding. Methodologically, this study demonstrates the value of integrating oral historiography with cultural diplomacy analysis in post-Soviet identity studies. The findings contribute to broader debates on post-Soviet nation-building, soft power strategy, and symbolic politics across the Turkic world. Abstrak: Sebagai etnis representatif dari dunia Turki yang lebih luas di Asia Tengah, studi ini menelaah perkembangan sejarah dan identitas modern bangsa Kazakh. Dengan menelusuri jalur dari kekaisaran awal Turki dan tradisi nomaden stepa hingga konsolidasi Kekhanan Kazakh dan transformasi era Soviet, penelitian ini…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cultural Diplomacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Kazakh Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-Soviet Ethnogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Turkic Civilisation
  topic: keywords
creator: Arifeen Yama
creator: Wasino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.24979

The Expansionist Politics of Sultan Agung and Turning Away the Sea in the 17th Century: Rereading Javanese Historiography
type: item
description: Abstract: This article develops a thesis by Adrian B. Lapian and contextualizes the Islamic rule in Java that stimulated the movement of the sea people to turn their backs on the sea. It critiques conventional historiography that focuses only on heroic stories. Using critical maritime history studies, this article presents a re-reading of the political narrative of Sultan Agung's expansion into North and East Java. The history of Java is not only about political power and conflicts between Javanese kingdoms in the 17th century, but also about expansion, social problems, socio-political domination, and the erasure of collective memory of maritime culture. Therefore, this research attempts to write history with an alternative perspective to examine the "movement towards the sea" in Java, which has implications for the formation of an agrarian society. As a result of strengthening the legitimacy of royal power in the 16th-17th centuries, various violent incidents occurred in northern and peripheral Java. Under the pretext of expanding power and attempting to attack Batavia, this event was normalized, which becomes a phenomenon of historiographical problems in writing history, particularly regarding the minimal discussion about the oppression of the Javanese Maritime community under the political domination of Mataram (Sultan Agung). Abstrak: Artikel ini, dengan mengembangkan tesis dari Adrian B. Lapian, membahas tentang kekuasaan Islam di Jawa yang menstimulasi gerak orang laut untuk memunggungi laut. Artikel ini juga bagian dari kritik terhadap historiografi konvensional yang hanya membahas tentang kisah-kisah heroik semata. Dengan menggunakan kajian sejarah maritim kritis, maka artikel ini menyajikan pembacaan ulang mengenai narasi politik ekspansi Sultan Agung ke daerah Jawa Utara dan Jawa Timur. Sejarah Jawa kenyataannya tidak hanya soal kekuasaan politik dan konflik politik kerajaan-kerajaan Jawa abad 17, tetapi juga soal ekspansi, masalah sosial, dominasi sosial-…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agrarian society
  topic: keywords
subject: Expansionist politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Maritime culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Sultan Agung
  topic: keywords
creator: Miftahuddin
creator: Ajat Sudrajat
creator: Danar Widiyanta
creator: Ita Mutiara Dewi
creator: Kuncoro Hadi
creator: Raymizard Alifian Firmansyah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.24900

Reactualization of Sundanese Local Hero Figure’s Values to Foster Student Character in History Education
type: item
description: Abstract: This research aims to analyze the character values of Regent RAA Kusumadiningrat as one of the Sundanese local heroes and their relevance in the context of history education in the Kurikulum Merdeka. This study is qualitative research that adopts a multi-method research (MMR) strategy with a narrative approach and policy research approach. Data collection is conducted through documentation from primary and secondary sources related to Kusumadiningrat and Kurikulum Merdeka, interviews, and observations conducted at historical sites. Data analysis uses an interactive model owned by Miles and Huberman, which is carried out in an interactive form with the data collection process as part of the analysis cycle process, along with data condensation, display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The research results show that Kusumadiningrat, as a Sundanese traditional leader, has several character traits that are relevant to the Pancasila Student Profiles in the Kurikulum Merdeka, such as faith in God Almighty, critical thinking, global diversity, creative thinking, cooperation, and independence. Reactualization of Kusumadiningrat's character values can be carried out in the F-phase of the Kurikulum Merdeka, especially in the elements of understanding and skills of historical processes, which can be implemented through research project-based learning on this character. This study confirms the importance of promoting local hero values in history education and suggests a new perspective on local heroes that do not necessarily need to be defined by confrontation. Incorporating local heroes into the history education curriculum can serve as sources of inspiration for students, fostering their character development. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis nilai-nilai karakter Bupati RAA Kusumadiningrat sebagai salah satu pahlawan lokal Sunda dan relevansinya dalam konteks pendidikan sejarah pada Kurikulum Merdeka. Studi ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif denga…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RAA Kusumadiningrat
  topic: keywords
subject: Character Education
  topic: keywords
subject: History Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Yulia Sofiani
creator: Miftahul Habib Fachrurozi
creator: Laely Armiyati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-11
publication date: 2025-10-11
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.23800

Becoming a Global Village: The History of Globalization in Bali
type: item
description: Abstract: Bali, currently known as one of the world's tourist destinations, has long historical roots. However, Bali is slowly experiencing changes, namely on the one hand trying to adopt and adapt various existing changes, but on the other hand trying to maintain these customs and traditions so that their cultural roots are not eroded. The purpose of this article is to analyze what continues and what changes occur as a result of external influences. The research method used is a qualitative method with a historical approach, expected to provide a better understanding of how Bali, which was once closed to outside cultures, is now seen as an open fortress. Document sources and in-depth interviews were used to dig up information about the history of globalization in Bali. The conclusion in this research reveals that the arrival of Dutch colonial influence, which initiated the development of tourism in Bali during the colonial period, impacted customs and traditions on the one hand. On the other hand, Balinese people began to recognize various artistic influences and art-making techniques as they were introduced later. Ubud and Kuta in Bali have turned into a global village, which on the one hand is very strong with traditional roots, but is very adaptive to Western influences. Abstrak: Bali yang saat ini dikenal sebagai salah satu destinasi wisata dunia memiliki akar sejarah yang panjang. Namun demikian, Bali secara perlahan mengalami perubahan, yaitu di satu sisi berusaha mengadopsi dan mengadaptasi berbagai perubahan yang ada, namun di sisi lain berusaha mempertahankan adat dan tradisi tersebut agar akar budayanya tidak terkikis. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis apa saja yang tetap dipertahankan dan perubahan apa saja yang terjadi akibat pengaruh dari luar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan historis yang diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang bagaimana Bali yang dulunya tertutup terhad…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multiculturalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Local culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Tourism Industry
  topic: keywords
subject: Balinese history
  topic: keywords
subject: Globalization
  topic: keywords
creator: Fransiska Dewi Setiowati Sunaryo
creator: I Ketut Ardhana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.23715

Study of Corporal Punishment in Schools in Indonesia, 1966-2014
type: item
description: Abstract: This study investigates the practice of corporal punishment in Indonesian schools across three major political periods—Sukarno, the New Order, and the Reform era—before implementing the Child-Friendly School Policy in 2014. Employing a historical method within a case study framework, this research draws on in-depth interviews with six purposively selected individuals who experienced corporal punishment during their school years. Findings reveal that corporal punishment was normalized in earlier eras to instill obedience and maintain classroom order. During the Sukarno and New Order periods, such punishment—ranging from beatings with rattan sticks and rulers to forced labor and public humiliation—was harsh and widespread. In contrast, the Reform era marked a gradual shift toward less severe and more symbolic punitive practices, reflecting the growing influence of child rights discourses. The introduction of the Child-Friendly School Policy in 2014 served as a pivotal policy intervention, significantly reducing the prevalence and severity of corporal punishment. Nonetheless, residual practices persist, indicating a gap between regulatory frameworks and actual implementation at the school level. This study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive pedagogical reform and targeted teacher training to eradicate corporal punishment and foster child-centered, non-violent educational environments. Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji praktik hukuman fisik di sekolah-sekolah Indonesia pada tiga era politik yang berbeda—Era Sukarno, Orde Baru, dan Reformasi—sebelum diterapkannya Kebijakan Sekolah Ramah Anak pada tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan desain studi kasus, serta melibatkan enam informan yang secara purposif dipilih karena memiliki pengalaman menerima hukuman fisik selama masa sekolah. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hukuman fisik diterima secara luas dan dianggap normal pada era sebelumnya sebagai upaya pendisiplinan untuk menanamkan kepat…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: corporal punishment
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
subject: child-friendly school policies
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Nasution Nasution
creator: Sugeng Harianto
creator: Esa Putra Bayu Gusti Gineung Patridina
creator: Izzatul Fajriyah
creator: FX Sri Sadewo
creator: Wasino
creator: Arifeen Yama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.16118

Investigating Local Historical Figures: The Implementation of the PjBL Model to Increase Historical Literacy
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model by utilizing the biographies of West Sumatra's local historical figures in improving students' historical literacy in social studies learning. The main question is how implementing the PjBL model improves students' historical literacy towards local historical figures of West Sumatra? Qualitative research methods are used to understand patterns and explore data in depth on research subjects, namely social studies teachers and students in social studies subjects in several public junior high schools in Padang City. The results showed that the implementation of the PjBL model by utilizing the biographies of local historical figures of West Sumatra has encouraged the process of increasing historical literacy in students, the mastery of more historical knowledge indicates this, the development of the ability to analyze and discuss various historical sources, and the skills of students in writing history and presenting products in a creative form. This research shows that historical literacy as part of disciplinary literacy can be developed through various learning models oriented towards learners' active involvement. In addition, this research also indicates that contextualized learning materials contribute to creating meaningful learning. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi model Project Based Learning (PjBL) dengan memanfaatkan biografi tokoh sejarah lokal Sumatera Barat dalam meningkatkan literasi sejarah peserta didik pada pembelajaran IPS. Pertanyaan pokok diajukan adalah bagaimana implementasi model PjBL dalam meningkatkan literasi sejarah peserta didik terhadap tokoh sejarah lokal Sumatera Barat?. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami pola dan mengeksplorasi data secara mendalam pada subjek penelitian, yakni guru IPS dan peserta didik pada mata Pelajaran IPS di beberapa SMP Negeri di Kota Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjuk…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: PjBL Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Local historical figures
  topic: keywords
subject: West Sumatra
  topic: keywords
creator: Uun Lionar
creator: Agus Mulyana
creator: Sapriya
creator: Murdiyah Winarti
creator: Ridho Bayu Yefterson
creator: Yelda Syafrina
creator: Hendra Naldi
creator: Yuhardi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.23411

Total Diplomacy, Total History: Military Historians and the Indonesian Peace Corps
type: item
description: Abstract: This research explores the concepts of Total Diplomacy and Total History, focusing on the role of military historians in the Indonesian peacekeeping force. The Indonesian government employs military diplomacy by deploying Garuda Contingent troops on global peace missions, aligning with the constitutional mandate of the Republic of Indonesia. As part of Indonesia’s total diplomacy strategy, military diplomacy is analyzed by deploying peacekeeping troops, engaging with other diplomatic instruments, and involving military historians to document missions comprehensively. The discussion encompasses the definition of military diplomacy, its international role, and its impact on Indonesia's global image. Military historians face challenges, including disrupted historical record-keeping and changes in the composition of historical officer positions. To overcome the obstacles in writing military history, the concept of Total History becomes relevant, integrating various scientific disciplines to support the historiographic process. In peacekeeping operations, military historians must grasp the totality of this scientific approach and present it more engagingly, meaningfully, and solution-oriented, relevant to the conflict areas they oversee. Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji konsep Total Diplomacy dan Total History dengan menyoroti peran sejarawan militer dalam misi pasukan perdamaian Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia menjalankan diplomasi militer melalui pengiriman pasukan Kontingen Garuda dalam misi perdamaian dunia, sebagai bentuk pelaksanaan amanat konstitusi Republik Indonesia. Dalam kerangka strategi total diplomacy, diplomasi militer dianalisis melalui perannya dalam mengerahkan pasukan perdamaian, berinteraksi dengan instrumen diplomatik lainnya, serta melibatkan sejarawan militer untuk mendokumentasikan misi secara menyeluruh. Pembahasan mencakup definisi diplomasi militer, perannya di kancah internasional, dan dampaknya terhadap citra global Indonesia. Sejar…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: military diplomacy
  topic: keywords
subject: peacekeeping forces
  topic: keywords
subject: military historians
  topic: keywords
subject: total history
  topic: keywords
subject: Garuda contingent
  topic: keywords
creator: Kusuma
creator: Sarkawi B. Husain
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.9424

Historical Deconstruction of Śrī Mahārāja Śrī Jayāmrta in the Sukun Inscription of 1083 Śaka
type: item
description: Abstract: Śrī Mahārāja Śrī Jayāmṛta, who issued the Sukun inscription (1083 Śaka), is tentatively thought to be related to the Sukun Village, Sukun District, Malang City, based on the inscription obtained from a trader in Malang. The issue raised is deconstructing the history of the character Śrī Jayāmṛta and his relationship with a place called Sukun. The research method is a five-stage historical method: topic selection, source collection (heuristics), criticism, interpretation, and historical writing (historiography). The research results state that Śrī Jayāmṛta, who issued the Sukun inscription (1083 Śaka ), was not the king of the Kadiri Kingdom. He was a king of the Dharmmawangśā Tguh lineage whose original name was Sang Apanji Wijayāmṛtawarddhana. Śrī Jayāmṛta in the Sukun inscription is Śrī Jayawarsa Digwijaya Śāstraprabhu, who issued the Mruwak inscription and the Sirah Kĕtĕng inscription. Following the discovery of the Mruwak inscription and the Sirah Kĕtĕng inscription in the Madiun-Ponorogo area, the Sukun Village mentioned in the Sukun inscription must be searched for in the Madiun-Ponorogo area. In Ponorogo Regency, there are two areas called Sukun: Kampung Sukun, Kauman Village, Ponorogo District, and Sukun Hamlet, Sidoharjo Village, Pulung District. One of them is, of course, what is meant in the Sukun inscription. Abstrak: Śrī Mahārāja Śrī Jayāmṛta, yang mengeluarkan Prasasti Sukun (1083 Śaka), diduga sementara memiliki keterkaitan dengan wilayah Kelurahan Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun, Kota Malang, berdasarkan keberadaan prasasti yang diperoleh dari seorang pedagang di Malang. Permasalahan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan dekonstruksi terhadap sejarah tokoh Śrī Jayāmṛta dan hubungannya dengan tempat yang disebut Sukun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah lima tahap, yaitu: pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber (heuristik), kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan penulisan sejarah (historiografi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Śrī…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Śrī Jayāmṛta
  topic: keywords
subject: Sukun Inscription
  topic: keywords
subject: Dharmmawangśā Tguh
  topic: keywords
subject: Historiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Historical deconstruction
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakaihino Galeswangi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.21828

The Development of 6Cs Skills through Project-Based Learning ‘Masyarakat Belajar Sejarah’ (History Learning Society)
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to develop students’ 6Cs skills—critical thinking, creativity, communication, collaboration, character/compassion, and citizenship/culture—through the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in a program titled Masyarakat Belajar Sejarah (History Learning Society). The research responds to the relatively low competitiveness of students in East Kalimantan amid the challenges of the 21st-century VUCA world, Indonesia’s demographic bonus, and the development of the new national capital (IKN) in East Kalimantan. Using Kemmis & McTaggart’s action research model, the study involved students from the History Education Program, FKIP, Mulawarman University, across three cohorts (2020–2022). Data was collected through observation, documentation, questionnaires, and interviews in March and June 2023. Students collaborated with schools, non-formal institutions, professionals, and local communities in Samarinda to design creative, contextual historical learning products. The findings show significant improvements across all 6Cs indicators. The project enhanced students’ academic and social competencies and bridged the gap between classroom learning and real-life community engagement. The results highlight the potential of PjBL as a transformative learning strategy for equipping future educators with essential 21st-century skills. This research contributes to history education innovation by positioning students as agents of change within their communities. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan 6Cs mahasiswa—berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, kolaborasi, karakter/kepedulian, dan kewargaan/budaya—melalui penerapan model Project-Based Learning (PjBL) dalam program Masyarakat Belajar Sejarah. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya daya saing mahasiswa di Kalimantan Timur di tengah tantangan dunia abad ke-21 yang ditandai dengan kondisi VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), bonus demografi I…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 6Cs Skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Project-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: 21st century skills
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning history
  topic: keywords
creator: Michael Sylvester Mitchel Vinco
creator: Rizal Izmi Kusumawijaya
creator: Fathimah Dayaning Pertiwi
creator: Nurul Septia Salsabila
creator: Riski Eka Oktavianengrum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.21482

Reimagining History Education: A Critical Exploration of Transforming University Historical Laboratories into Educational Tourism Destinations
type: item
description: Abstract: This study explores the potential of university-based historical laboratories as educational tours, offering an alternative pathway for history learning. Employing a qualitative case study methodology, the research used interviews, observations, and focus group discussions to collect data, which was analyzed through an interactive data analysis model. Findings underscore the robust potential of university historical laboratories as viable educational tours. Key indicators include well-equipped facilities, proficient human resources, and substantial institutional support, forming a strong foundation for future development. These laboratories enrich educational experiences and serve as dynamic platforms for fostering deeper historical understanding among students. The study advocates for the expansion and refinement of historical education tours centered around the concept of university historical laboratories. This approach emphasizes integrating educational principles with historical exploration, enhancing engagement and learning outcomes. By leveraging existing academic resources and infrastructures, universities can effectively revitalize history education, aligning educational practices with contemporary pedagogical needs. In conclusion, this research highlights the transformative potential of historical laboratories within university settings, advocating for their strategic integration into educational tourism initiatives. Moving forward, it is imperative to cultivate these initiatives with a deliberate focus on educational quality and historical authenticity, ensuring that they serve as dynamic tools for enriching historical education both locally and globally. Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi potensi laboratorium sejarah di perguruan tinggi sebagai bentuk wisata edukatif, menawarkan jalur alternatif dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan diskusi kelompok t…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: History education
  topic: keywords
subject: University historical laboratories
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational toursim
  topic: keywords
creator: Andy Suryadi
creator: Ganda Febri Kurniawan
creator: Putri Agus Wijayati
creator: R Soeharso
creator: Nurul Asyikin Binti Hassan
creator: Andriyanto Andriyanto
creator: Junaidy Fery Lusianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.21079

The Role of Civic Associations in Ethnic Conflicts in Medan and Ambon, Indonesia
type: item
description: Abstract: Various tensions of ethnic conflict had often appeared and disappeared along with the domination of state power throughout the rise and fall of the New Order . From the various regions in Indonesia, ethnic conflicts broke out in the multicultural city of Ambon due to uncontrolled competition for economic and social resources, coupled with other socio-political processes outside of the city. In contrast, ethnic conflicts did not occurred in the city of Medan despite it also had a relatively high competition for resources. The long history of these two regions had a similarity in creating a strong ethnic heterogeneity along with democratisation after the fall of the New Order regime. With the ethnic diversity of these two regions, ethnic conflicts tended to potentially erupt without carrying out any prevention and resolution steps appropriate to the background of the respective regions. This study aims to document the development and activities of the civic associations in Ambon and Medan, as well as to analyse their role in the prevention and resolution of ethnic conflicts in these two regions. This study uses a holistic approach by using various disciplines that are part of the social sciences and humanities clusters. The method used in this study uses a historical and anthropological approach in analysing the comparison of the two regions of study. Civic associations or civil society organisations in Ambon that promote peace and strengthen citizenship played an important role in preventing and resolving conflicts from community initiatives. Meanwhile, the civic associations and civil society organisations in Medan, with their cross-ethnic activities, had driven local democracy, strengthen human rights and promote peace or tolerance, which had positively shaped the plural society in Medan, North Sumatra. Abstrak: Berbagai ketegangan konflik etnis sering muncul dan menghilang seiring dengan dominasi kekuasaan negara sepanjang naik turunnya rezim Orde Baru. …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Civic Association
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnic Conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Violent Clashes
  topic: keywords
creator: Budi Agustono
creator: Junaidi
creator: Kiki Maulana Affandi
creator: Johan Robert Saimima
creator: Sem Touwe
creator: Julia Lim Pay Loo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.21046

Constructing Narratives: Indonesia-Australia Relations in Indonesian History Textbooks
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to analyze how Australian history is represented in Indonesian history textbooks and how these narratives have evolved. Specifically, it examines the differences in the portrayal of Australian history in high school history textbooks published during the New Order government (1966-1998) and the Reformasi government (1999-2023). To achieve this objective, this study employs the critical discourse analysis method, which allows for systematically examining communication symbols embedded in historical narratives. This approach enables a deeper understanding of how historical events are framed and contextualized in Indonesian history textbooks. The findings reveal that during the New Order period (1966-1998), Australian history was primarily linked to Indonesia’s independence struggle (1945-1949) and the Guided Democracy period (1959-1965). During this time, Australia was depicted as a nation that supported Indonesia’s independence. However, in the Reformasi era (post-1999), significant changes emerged in the historical narrative, particularly in depicting Australia’s involvement in the East Timor referendum. Textbooks published after 1999 reflect a more complex relationship, highlighting Australia’s role in East Timor’s separation from Indonesia. These findings indicate that the representation of history in textbooks is influenced by political dynamics and diplomatic relations between the two nations. The shift in historical narratives demonstrates how government policies and national discourse shape students' collective understanding of international history. Therefore, the history curriculum must adopt a more critical and balanced approach to avoid being solely shaped by political interests. This study confirms that historical narratives in textbooks are not static but are shaped by contemporary political contexts and bilateral relations. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana sejarah Australia direpresentasikan dalam …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Australian History
  topic: keywords
subject: East Timor
  topic: keywords
subject: History textbook
  topic: keywords
subject: New Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Reformation
  topic: keywords
creator: Wawan Darmawan
creator: Annisa'a Ambarnis
creator: Andromeda Aderoben
creator: Wildan Insan Fauzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.18846

Customary Land Rights and Postcolonial Land Governance: The Case of Pakel Village, Indonesia, 1950s-1980s
type: item
description: Abstract: This paper discusses the social practices and impacts of agrarian policy changes in Pakel Village, Licin District, Banyuwangi Regency. The existence of policy transformation has also changed the patterns of social life of the community, especially in the field of agricultural land ownership. This then triggered a land conflict involving the conflict actor, PT Bumi Sari, and the local community. This research uses qualitative research methods through an in-depth literature study approach. Theoretically, this paper illustrates that various conflicts are an important part of making agrarian policies, especially in areas where companies will build and in relation to community conditions. In the future, this will also contribute academically in the form of future research findings that look in more detail at the conditions of communities after conflicts through ethnographic studies. The results showed that the local community as the original entity in the area was marginalized due to the change in agrarian policy which then favored PT Bumi Sari. The existence of conflict is inseparable because of these differences of opinion and views, with a background as a farmer which makes the community marginalized from social construction, especially in agrarian affairs. However, the existence of these historical records makes lessons and evaluations together in every decision-making and policy determination that is fair and considers the local rights of indigenous people in the region. The discussion showed that land conflicts were related to the complexity and legal certainty that the Pakel Village community did not obtain. Restitution of customary land rights based on postcolonial legal pluralism is ignored, which can indirectly be understood as an attempt by the state to seize land from indigenous communities. Abstrak: Makalah ini membahas praktik sosial dan dampak perubahan kebijakan agraria di Desa Pakel, Kecamatan Licin, Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Adanya transformasi ke…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: land conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: land control
  topic: keywords
subject: land ownership
  topic: keywords
subject: konflik tanah
  topic: keywords
subject: penguasaan tanah
  topic: keywords
subject: kepemilikan tanah
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Aini Setiawati
creator: Purnawan Basundoro
creator: Ardana Kusumawanto
creator: Muhammad Agung Pramono Putro
creator: Safrial Fachry Pratama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.18311

Forging A New Nation: The Role of Youth Radicalism in Semarang’s Revolutionary Struggle, 1945-1947
type: item
description: Abstract: This study examines the youth resistance movement in Semarang in the early days of the Indonesian Revolution, especially between 1945 and 1947, against the Japanese and Allied armies. The youth resistance movement is characterized by a militant and radical nature, which is influenced by various factors from the past experiences of the youth. In addition to the impact of the Japanese occupation, ideological factors such as Socialism, Communism, Islam, and Nationalism also played an important role in encouraging youth radicalism in Semarang. Research on the radical youth movement in Semarang during the Indonesian Revolution is still limited, with some studies highlighting events such as the 'Five-Day Battle'. This research contributes to the understanding of the youth militant movement in Semarang through a literature review from contemporary newspaper sources published in Jakarta and Semarang as well as other related literature collections. These sources are obtained from the National Library and libraries in the local area. The results of the study show that several factors affect radicalism and youth militancy in Semarang. First, their strong motivation and purpose to resist the occupation of the Japanese army and the return of the Allies. Second, the results of Japanese education for youth through military and semi-military organizations during the Japanese occupation that strengthened the military mentality. Third, the influence of the socialist-Marxist youth group organization that developed since the time of the national movement, thus making the city of Semarang known as a "red" city. Abstrak: Studi ini menelaah gerakan perlawanan pemuda di Semarang pada masa awal Revolusi Indonesia, khususnya antara tahun 1945 hingga 1947, terhadap tentara Jepang dan Sekutu. Gerakan perlawanan pemuda tersebut ditandai dengan sifat militan dan radikal, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor dari pengalaman masa lalu para pemuda. Selain dampak pendudukan Jepang, faktor…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Youth Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesian Revolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Revolutionary
  topic: keywords
subject: Semarang
  topic: keywords
creator: Dwi Mulyatari
creator: Abdurakhman
creator: Raisye Soleh Haghia
creator: Syahidah Sumayyah Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.16485

From Tradition to Industrialization: A Historical Study on the Transformation of Indonesia’s Jamu Industry
type: item
description: Abstract: Indonesia’s exceptional biocultural richness has long sustained jamu, a plant-based healing tradition that blends empirical practice with cosmological notions of bodily balance, yet in the twentieth century jamu businesses shifted from household decoctions and itinerant vendors into branded, standardized consumer health products; this article traces that transformation through a historical case study of Tolak Angin (Sido Muncul), arguing that the transition was propelled by commodification of family recipes in the early 1900s, state recognition and regulation that framed jamu as “Indonesia’s original medicine” during the post-independence decades, and late-twentieth-century modernization in technology and marketing that introduced ready-to-drink sachets, GMP/CPOTB compliance, and clinical evidence supporting OHT status while repositioning jamu as hygienic, practical, and urban-friendly; using qualitative historical reconstruction from archival and printed sources with rigorous source criticism and chronological–thematic narration, the study shows how industrialization preserved and re-signified jamu into a hybrid good—simultaneously heritage and modern therapy—delivering market expansion without severing cultural meaning; the findings imply that policy can strategically couple standards, R&D, biodiversity stewardship, and cultural branding to grow domestic and export markets and to uplift producer communities; the article’s novelty lies in its historically grounded synthesis linking technological standardization, state policy, and cultural consumption to explain how a legacy remedy operationalizes Indonesia’s health-heritage economy. Abstrak: Keanekaragaman hayati-budaya Indonesia sejak lama menopang jamu sebagai tradisi penyembuhan nabati yang memadukan praktik empiris dengan gagasan keseimbangan tubuh-alam, namun pada abad ke-20 bisnis jamu bertransformasi dari godokan rumahan dan penjual gendong menjadi produk kesehatan bermerek dan terstandar; artikel …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: indonesian herbal medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Jamu Modernization
  topic: keywords
subject: industry
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural heritage
  topic: keywords
subject: Tolak Angin
  topic: keywords
creator: Irwan Hidayat
creator: Wahyu Widayani
creator: Tsabit Azinar Ahmad
creator: Eka Yudha Wibowo
creator: Nanda Julian Utama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.14881

Between Modernization and Marginalization: A Historical Analysis of Colonial Health Policies in Semarang and Their Postcolonial Legacy
type: item
description: Abstract: This article examines the population health policies implemented in Semarang City, Indonesia, in the aftermath of the Dutch colonial Ethical Policy (1901). Employing a social determinant of health framework grounded in a decolonial perspective, the study explores how colonial era policies continue to shape contemporary health practices and reinforce structural health inequalities. Drawing on historical methods and analysis of primary and secondary sources from national archives, libraries, and documentation centers, the research finds that the Ethical Policy—despite its humanitarian rhetoric of "repaying a debt of honor"—primarily served to sustain labor productivity for colonial economic interests. Health interventions such as the control of cholera outbreaks, the development of sanitation infrastructure, and hospital construction in Semarang were disproportionately directed toward protecting European residents and maintaining urban spatial segregation. These colonial legacies are still evident today in unequal access to healthcare, the geographic clustering of diseases, and the continued marginalization of local health knowledge systems. The article underscores the importance of applying approaches rooted in decolonization to the study of health systems in postcolonial contexts and calls for the development of more inclusive, historically grounded, and socially just health policies in Indonesia. Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji kebijakan kesehatan penduduk yang diterapkan di Kota Semarang, Indonesia, setelah diberlakukannya Politik Etis Belanda (1901). Dengan menggunakan kerangka social determinants of health dari perspektif dekolonial, penelitian ini menelusuri bagaimana kebijakan era kolonial terus membentuk praktik kesehatan kontemporer dan memperkuat ketidaksetaraan struktural di bidang kesehatan. Berdasarkan metode sejarah serta analisis sumber primer dan sekunder dari arsip nasional, perpustakaan, dan pusat dokumentasi, penelitian menemukan bahwa Poli…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: public health policy
  topic: keywords
subject: health services
  topic: keywords
subject: , ethical politics
  topic: keywords
subject: indigenous population
  topic: keywords
creator: Endah Sri Hartatik
creator: Wasino
creator: Vivek Neelakantan
creator: Sukarni Suryaningsih
creator: Ken Widyawati
creator: Ilham Nur Utomo
creator: Fortuna Devi Putri Sina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.14513

Dai Nippon Forced Labor Politics, 1943-1945: Romusha Rendezvous at Muaro Sijunjung Lane, Sijunjung Regency
type: item
description: Abstract: The regime changes from the Dutch Colonial to the Dai Nippon government initially brought good news for the movement leaders. However, within 3,5 years of its reign, it brought suffering to the Indonesian people. This article aims to analyze the process of Japanese entry into Indonesia, describe the beginning and course of the Romusha policy in Indonesia, and analyze the impact of the Dai Nippon government's miserable forced labor along the Muaro Sijunjung route. This article uses historical methods, including heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. One of the Dai Nippon government's policies towards society was the Romusha. The massive work of building a mass transport line connecting the point of Muaro Sijunjung to Pekanbaru and the ports on the East Coast of Sumatra was massive, requiring hundreds of human beings. The massive recruitment of human labor was carried out using various strategies and the propaganda of movement figures. The inhumane treatment and killing of Romusha workers were one of the various treatments they received from 1943 to 1945 in Muaro Sijunjung, West Sumatra. Abstrak: Pergantian rezim dari Kolonial Belanda kepada pemerintah Dai Nippon, awalnya membawa kabar gembira, untuk kalangan tokoh pergerakan. Namun, dalam 3,5 tahun masa pemerintahannya, justru membawa penderitaan untuk rakyat Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses masuknya Jepang ke Indonesia, menguraikan awal dan jalannya kebijakan Romusha di Indonesia, dan menganalisis dampak kerja paksa pemerintah Dai Nippon yang menyengsarakan sepanjang rute Muaro Sijunjung. Artikel ini disusun dalam metode sejarah, yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Satu dari sekian kebijakan pemerintah Dai Nippon terhadap masyarakat adalah Romusha. Pekerjaan besar-besaran membangun jalur transportasi massal yang menghubungkan titik Muaro Sijunjung menuju Pekanbaru dan pelabuhan di Pantai Timur Sumatra, adalah pekerjaan massal–y…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Romusha
  topic: keywords
subject: Forced labour
  topic: keywords
subject: Japan
  topic: keywords
subject: Railway
  topic: keywords
subject: Muaro Sijunjung
  topic: keywords
creator: Fikrul Hanif Sufyan
creator: Zusneli Zubir
creator: Refisrul
creator: Rita Novita
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.12789

The Janissary Army during the Reign of Sultan Mahmud II of Ottoman Turkey, 1808-1826
type: item
description: Abstract: The Janissary Army was originally a key part of the Ottoman Turkish military and helped conquer parts of Asia and Europe. Over time, however, its members began to work in politics, business, and other areas, losing their military character. Because of this drop in numbers, Sultan Mahmud II disbanded the corps on June 15, 1826. This study seeks to investigate: This research aims to examine the origins, transformation, decline, and dissolution of the Janissary Force, as well as the consequences of its disbandment, through historical research encompassing topic selection, heuristic resource collection, source criticism, chronological interpretation, and historiography. The findings indicate that the Janissary Army, formed through the devshirme system, evolved from a military corps into a powerful socio-political force whose resistance to reform led to Sultan Mahmud II’s decisive dissolution of the corps, marking the beginning of Ottoman modernization. Mahmud II created the Mansur Army, which was trained in the European way. This was a big step toward military reform and centralization. Abstrak: Tentara Janissari pada awalnya merupakan bagian penting dari militer Turki Utsmani dan berperan dalam menaklukkan berbagai wilayah di Asia dan Eropa. Namun, seiring waktu, anggotanya mulai terlibat dalam politik, bisnis, dan bidang lain sehingga kehilangan karakter militernya. Karena penurunan peran tersebut, Sultan Mahmud II membubarkan pasukan ini pada 15 Juni 1826. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah asal-usul, transformasi, kemunduran, dan pembubaran Janissari, serta konsekuensi dari pembubarannya melalui metode penelitian sejarah yang mencakup pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi kronologis, dan historiografi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Tentara Janissari, yang dibentuk melalui sistem devshirme, berkembang dari korps militer menjadi kekuatan sosial-politik yang besar, tetapi penolakannya terhadap reformasi mendorong Sultan Mahmud I…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Janissary Army
  topic: keywords
subject: Dissolution
  topic: keywords
subject: Sultan Mahmud II
  topic: keywords
subject: Reform
  topic: keywords
subject: Rebellion
  topic: keywords
creator: Risky Setiawan
creator: Aman
creator: Dona Syah Azizah
creator: Rabaah binti Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.12309

The Joint Commitment of Malukan Nationalist: The Revolutionary Axis Against the Dutch (NICA) Police Actions
type: item
description: Abstract: This article examines the involvement of Malukan nationalists in the Indonesian National Revolution, particularly in confronting the attempted re-colonisation by the Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) during the 1945–1947 period. The research employs historical methods—including archival research, primary and secondary literature studies, and narrative and social historiographical approaches—to trace the dynamics of local resistance, reflecting ideological, political, and diplomatic strategies in defending independence. The findings show that Malukan nationalists—through organisations such as PIM, PRIMA, KRIM, and PARPIM—succeeded in forming networks of struggle that transcended regional, religious, and social class boundaries, rejected colonial co-optation, and voiced the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia in both national and international forums. This resistance was not only military-based but also emphasized dimensions of identity, national solidarity, and the influence of local intellectual elites. Within the theoretical framework of postcolonial nationalism and political settlement, this study demonstrates that various active and strategic local actors and contexts shaped Indonesian nationalism. Thus, this article challenges the dominant Java-centric historiography and offers an academic contribution to the global discourse on decolonisation, national integration, and the agency of local communities in building the postcolonial state. Abstrak: Artikel ini menelaah keterlibatan kaum nasionalis Maluku dalam Revolusi Nasional Indonesia, khususnya dalam menghadapi upaya rekolonisasi oleh Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (NICA) pada periode 1945–1947. Dengan menggunakan metode sejarah—meliputi penelitian arsip, kajian literatur primer dan sekunder, serta pendekatan historiografi naratif dan sosial—penelitian ini menelusuri dinamika perlawanan lokal yang mencerminkan strategi ideologis, politik, dan diplomatik dalam mempertahankan …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nationalist
  topic: keywords
subject: Revolutionary Axis
  topic: keywords
subject: NICA
  topic: keywords
creator: Sem Touwe
creator: Mohammad Amin Lasaiba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.12111

History of Education in Cambodia: A Review of Literature From Past to Present
type: item
description: Abstract: From the beginning until now, education has been a significant factor in the Cambodian setting. The current article examines the origins of education in Cambodia, which dates back to the prehistoric period. Throughout Cambodian history, education has played a variety of meaningful roles. Education played a significant role in shaping the lives of individuals throughout the many eras of Cambodian prehistory and history. In prehistory, children learned by doing and observing the people around them. Education in Cambodia peaked during the Angkor Empire, also known as the Khmer Empire. During that period, hundreds of educational institutions were located across the country, including more advanced educational establishments in the city serving as Angkor's capital. Thousands of instructors were well-equipped to teach Khmer-speaking students. On the other hand, as the Angkor Empire collapsed, education in Cambodia gradually declined, a trend that persisted until the Khmer Rouge Regime finally eradicated education. During this period, the Khmer Rouge leaders targeted and killed the majority of instructors. Then the Cambodian government and other concerned education stakeholders have been working diligently to rebuild education in Cambodia since the end of that black period, and they have succeeded in doing so to the point where it is now. Finally, the article recommends that the concerned education stakeholders consider the past as the experiences for the present and improve the perspectives of future education. Abstrak: Sejak awal hingga sekarang, pendidikan telah menjadi faktor penting dalam tatanan Kamboja. Artikel ini membahas asal-usul pendidikan di Kamboja, yang dimulai sejak periode prasejarah. Sepanjang sejarah Kamboja, pendidikan telah memainkan berbagai peran yang berarti. Pendidikan memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk kehidupan individu di berbagai era prasejarah dan sejarah Kamboja. Pada masa prasejarah, anak-anak belajar dengan melakukan dan meng…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Angkor Empire
  topic: keywords
subject: Cambodia
  topic: keywords
subject: History of Education
  topic: keywords
subject: System of Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Sereyrath Em
creator: Sarom Mok
creator: Rany Sam
creator: Ganda Febri Kurniawan
creator: Dina Pen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.9207

History Learning Based on Local Wisdom Sanghyang Sikskandang Karesian
type: item
description: Abstract: This research aims to identify the local wisdom values ​​of Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian relevant to history learning. To achieve the stated objective, the investigation included using qualitative methods with a single case study, and data were collected using observation, interviews, and document reviews. Furthermore, the obtained data was analyzed using an interactive model consisting of phases: data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that (1) the local wisdom values ​​of Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian included dasakerta, Dasaperbakti, people's behavior (hulun), and complementary actions. Dasakerta is a guideline for human sensory behavior in daily life. Dasaperbakti describes the social hierarchy that requires legitimacy. While Panimbuh ning twah shows complementary rules in society, (2) History learning based on local wisdom values of Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian is carried out through contextual learning by introducing and providing an understanding of Kagaluhan values to students to be applied in everyday life. This research can improve the understanding of local history and the character of students who are more rooted and culturally responsive, and strengthen the character of students. However, limited curriculum, learning resources, and teacher understanding are challenges. This study contributes to the literature gap by offering a local wisdom-based history learning model. The implication of this study emphasizes the importance of policy support to accommodate local history in the high school education curriculum for character building. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi nilai-nila kearifan lokal Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian dan nilai-nilai yang relevan untuk pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi kasus tunggal. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data mode…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: History Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Local Wisdom
  topic: keywords
subject: Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian
  topic: keywords
creator: Yeni Wijayanti
creator: Warto
creator: Wasino Wasino
creator: Djono
creator: Mohd Sohaimi Esa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.9033

Building a Fortress of Independent Journalism: Historical Study of the Role of Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) in Indonesia, 1994-1999
type: item
description: Abstract: The democratic transition period in Indonesia (1994-1999) became crucial for developing independent journalism. Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) emerged as a firm and strong organization that fought for press freedom and built a fortress of independent journalism amid the New Order repression. This study aims to analyze AJI's strategy in building and fighting for independent journalism in Indonesia during this period. Using historical analysis and a qualitative approach, this study explores AJI's contribution to voicing the interests of journalists, fighting for freedom of expression, and rejecting state intervention in the press. The data was collected through literature studies, analysis of organizational documents, and in-depth interviews with AJI activists. This research opens a new understanding of AJI's efforts to achieve press freedom in the New Order era through a review of AJI's strategy for developing independent journalism in Indonesia. This study's results show that AJI uses conventional strategies such as advocacy and education and innovative strategies such as networking, solidarity, and publications. These strategies have proven effective in strengthening independent journalism in Indonesia, with the realization of a freer and professional journalistic environment. Abstrak: Periode transisi demokrasi di Indonesia (1994–1999) menjadi masa krusial bagi tumbuhnya jurnalisme independen. Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI) muncul sebagai organisasi yang tegas dan kuat dalam memperjuangkan kebebasan pers serta membangun benteng jurnalisme independen di tengah represi Orde Baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi AJI dalam membangun dan memperjuangkan jurnalisme independen di Indonesia selama periode tersebut. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis dan kualitatif, studi ini menggali kontribusi AJI dalam menyuarakan kepentingan jurnalis, memperjuangkan kebebasan berekspresi, serta menolak intervensi negara terhadap pers. Data dipero…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aliansi Jurnalis Independen (AJI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Freedom of the Press
  topic: keywords
subject: New Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Raisye Soleh Haghia
creator: Susanto Zuhdi
creator: Linda Sunarti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.7076

Transformation Bedhaya Dance in Java Society: Rituals, Ceremonials, Entertainment
type: item
description: Abstract: Bedhaya is a dance genre that lives and develops in Javanese society. This dance is a legacy of the times of the Hindu Buddha. In the course of the bedhaya dance era, it changed. This article aims to reveal the changes in the dance function of bedhaya and to examine its existence in Javanese society. The research used is qualitative with a historical approach. The data collection technique used is the archival studies method. The result showed bedhaya dance derived from the dance offerings performed by devadaҫi. In the times of Mataram Islam, it was used to legitimize the king’s position. The Bedhaya dance had a significant role in maintaining the king's authority when the palace lost political, economic, and juridical power during colonialism. During its development, the palace was only for cultural preservation. It can be presented outside the palace walls as an art of tourism. In the modern era, Bedhaya dance is one of the references in creating contemporary dance. The change in the function of the Bedhaya dance is accompanied by changes in how it is presented, the accompanying narrative, and the essence conveyed. This shows that changes in the views and ideas of Javanese society influence its artistic creations. Abstrak: Tari bedhaya adalah salah satu genre tari yang hidup dan berkembang di masyarakat Jawa. Tari ini merupakan sebuah warisan dari zaman Hindu-Budha sampai sekarang. Dalam perjalanannya dari masa-kemasa tari bedhaya mengalami perubahan. Penulisan artikel ini ingin mengungkapkan perubahan fungsi tari bedhaya, guna mengatahui eksistensinya dalam masyarakat Jawa. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan sejarah. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode studi arsip. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, tari bedhaya bersumber dari tari persembahan yang dilakukan oleh para devadaҫi. Pada zaman Mataram Islam tari bedhaya digunakan sebagai sarana legitimasi kedudukan raja. Tari bedhaya memiliki peranan signifikan dalam menja…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Function
  topic: keywords
subject: History
  topic: keywords
subject: Behdaya Dance
  topic: keywords
creator: R.M. Pramutomo
creator: Sriyadi Sriyadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.4820

Iconographic Studies Poster of the Exhibition and Night Market of the Dutch East Indies and Europe, 1930s Colonial Period
type: item
description: Abstract: This study analyses Art Deco (1930s) colonial exhibition posters from the Dutch East Indies and Europe to uncover their active role as an instrument of visual hegemony that transcends the discourse of exoticism. Through a critical comparative iconography approach (Panofsky's adaptation) reinforced by postcolonial theory (Said, 1978) and representation (Hall), the research reveals how Art Deco syntax, rigid geometry, machine typography, and modern chromaticism are used to transform colonial violence into "modernity", domesticating alterity through linguistic distortion. Build a global myth about the world order under European leadership. Key findings point to different aesthetic strategies: while European (French/Belgian) posters erase indigenous traces, the Dutch East Indies version adopts local terms distortively to assert epistemic control. The two met in Art Deco's function as a "universal visual language" that naturalized colonial hierarchies. Research concludes that Art Deco is not just a decorative style, but an ideological weapon that transforms exploitation into aesthetics, and oppression into "progress" in the global imagination of the 1930s. This underlines the enduring power of visual culture to shape ideologies, highlighting how the Art Deco movement functioned as an active agent in the legitimation and perpetuation of colonial dominance. Abstrak: Penelitian ini menganalisis poster pameran kolonial bergaya Art Deco (1930-an) dari Hindia Belanda dan Eropa untuk membongkar peran aktifnya sebagai instrumen hegemoni visual yang melampaui wacana eksotisme. Melalui pendekatan ikonografi komparatif kritis (adaptasi Panofsky) yang diperkuat teori poskolonial (Said) dan representasi (Hall), penelitian mengungkap bagaimana sintaksis Art Deco, geometri rigid, tipografi mesin, dan kromatik modern, dimanfaatkan untuk mengubah kekerasan kolonial menjadi "modernitas", mendomestikasi alteritas melalui distorsi linguistic. Membangun mitos global tentang tatanan…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Colonial Art Deco
  topic: keywords
subject: Visual Hegemony
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Iconography
  topic: keywords
subject: Postcolonial Representation
  topic: keywords
creator: Baskoro Suryo Banindro
creator: Listia Natadjaja
creator: Nina Hansopaheluwakan Edward
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-11
publication date: 2025-10-11
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.4386

Teaching Model of the Algemeene Middelbare School A-1 Eastern Literature Major (AMS A-1) in Solo, 1926-1932
type: item
description: Abstract: This article aims to analyze the development of the teaching model used and developed at the Algemeene Middelbare School A-1 (AMS A-1), majoring in Eastern Literature. The AMS A-1 in Solo in the Dutch East Indies was a unique historical phenomenon in colonial education. The teachers at this educational institution, which was created by the colonial government in 1926, developed an interactive teaching model inside and outside of class. This article uses the historical method to analyze its development and influence on the students. Teaching outside class was a new concept in the early 20th century in the colonized Indonesian archipelago, because the learning process usually only occurred inside classes and laboratories. The AMS A-1 senior high school students were invited on annual field trips to visit the temples their ancestors built, forming their cultural heritage. The goal of this model was to see up close indigenous cultural heritage, which they normally only knew from their textbooks, to dispel traditional myths about the places, and to further the bond between student and teacher. Besides that, it created a certain pride when learning about this heritage. This learning activity implicated the growth of Indonesian cultural nationalism, which became a means to push back against colonialism. The AMS A-1 institution thus became a boomerang for the Dutch colonial government. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan model pembelajaran yang digunakan dan dikembangkan di Algemeene Middelbare School A-1 (AMS A-1) jurusan Sastra Timur. AMS A-1 yang terletak di kota Solo, Hindia Belanda, merupakan fenomena sejarah yang unik dalam pendidikan kolonial. Para guru di lembaga pendidikan yang didirikan oleh pemerintah kolonial pada tahun 1926 ini mengembangkan model pembelajaran interaktif di dalam dan luar kelas. Artikel ini menggunakan metode sejarah untuk menganalisis perkembangan dan pengaruhnya terhadap siswa. Pembelajaran di luar kelas m…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Algemeene Middelbare School
  topic: keywords
subject: Excursion
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching model
  topic: keywords
subject: Eastern Literature
  topic: keywords
creator: Heri Priyatmoko
creator: Singgih Tri Sulistiyono
creator: Dhanang Respati Puguh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i1.1771

Bahder Djohan’s Struggle: The Doctor’s Contribution to National Independence, Language, Emancipation, Social Affairs, and Education
type: item
description: Abstract: Within the domain of postcolonial nation-building and educational reform in countries of the Global South, the role of local intellectuals is frequently marginalised in international discourse. This article examines the figure of Bahder Djohan (1902–1981), an important yet relatively obscure figure in the context of modern Indonesian history. During his tenure as Minister of Education and Culture in the early days of independence, Djohan proposed a vision of education that integrated Minangkabau traditions, Islamic values, and the legacy of colonial education. The approach adopted by the aforementioned individual was such that education was regarded as a means of fostering moral character and facilitating social mobility, without the concomitant abandonment of local cultural roots. Utilising a qualitative approach, this article employs character study and historiography methods to provide a reconstruction of Djohan's biography. Furthermore, it conducts an analysis of his contributions to youth activism, women's emancipation, and post-independence institutional reform. Djohan eschewed imported ideological frameworks, instead developing his thinking through practical involvement in health development, gender equality, and national education. Djohan demonstrated equality of values with global figures such as Gandhi, Freire, and Tagore, especially in his struggle against colonial discrimination and his advocacy for social justice and cultural preservation. Nevertheless, his legacy remains conspicuously absent from both national curricula and international studies. The present article situates Djohan within the global discourse on postcolonial reform, thereby emphasising the importance of recognising local actors as key agents of change and agents of universal values in the history of global ideas. Abstrak: Dalam konteks pembangunan bangsa pasca kolonial dan reformasi pendidikan di negara-negara Global Selatan, peran intelektual lokal kerap terpinggirkan dalam …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bahder djohan
  topic: keywords
subject: language
  topic: keywords
subject: emancipation
  topic: keywords
subject: culture
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
creator: Nelmawarni
creator: Fikri Surya Pratama
creator: Zainal Arif
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paramita: Historical Studies Journal
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
doi: 10.15294/paramita.v35i2.601