ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation
ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal is a peer-reviewed, four-color, professional journal. Continuously published since 2012, Active serves as an authoritative, professional source for educators in physical education, sports, health, and recreation in all settings. It provides the information needed to assist students and clients in learning motor skills, improving fitness, and pursuing physical activity and sport participation safely and appropriately. Active features articles about teaching methods, curriculum, teacher preparation, professional issues, coaching, youth sports, fitness, recreation, and heatlh. Regular departments offer teaching tips, analysis of lawsuits, technology updates, and viewpoints about the professions. Online ISSN (2460-724X) Print ISSN (2252-6773) E-mail: active@mail.unnes.ac.id Blacklist Author : Rahma Azizah (Universitas Lambung Mangkurat) Salsabila Rahmadani Nugraha (Universitas Lambung Mangkurat) Wildan Zaidan (Universitas Lambung Mangkurat)
Relationship Between Leg Muscle Power, Arm Muscle Power, and Anthropometry with The Speed of The Ball Resulting from an Open Spike in Athletes of The Sumedang Integrated Indonesian Generation School Volleyball Team
This study aims to analyze the relationship between leg muscle power, arm muscle power, and anthropometry with the speed of the ball resulting from an open spike in athletes from the Sumedang Integrated Indonesian Volleyball Generation School. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The sample consisted of 21 athletes, with leg muscle power measured using the Vertical Jump Test, arm muscle power measured using an 8-second push-up test, and anthropometric data obtained through Karada Scan. The speed of the open spike ball was measured using a Speed Radar Gun. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, Pearson or Spearman correlations, and multiple regression with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that arm muscle power, height, weight, and body muscle mass were significantly related to ball speed, while several other variables such as leg power (Spearman), leg muscle mass, and BMI showed no significant relationship. Multiple regression analysis shows that the three independent variables simultaneously contribute 45.4% to ball speed. This finding confirms that spike performance is the result of an interaction between muscle strength and anthropometric characteristics. This study recommends a training program that focuses on strengthening the arm muscles, developing core strength, and managing body composition to improve spike speed in volleyball athletes.
Leg Muscle Power; Arm Muscle Power; Anthropometry; Ball Speed; Open Spike; Volleyball
Copyright (c) 2025 ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation
Analysis of Physical Activity, Motor Skills, and Social Skills in Children with Disabilities with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
This study aims to analyze physical activity, gross motor skills, and social skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to examine the relationship between these three variables. This study used a descriptive quantitative method involving nine children with ASD at SLB-D YPAC Bandung. Physical activity was measured using ActiGraph GT3X for seven days, motor skills were assessed through long jump, ball throw, 10-meter run, and balance tests, while social skills were measured using the Social Skills Questionnaire (SSQ). Data were analyzed descriptively and using Spearman's correlation to examine the relationship between variables. The results showed that the level of physical activity among children with ASD tended to be low, gross motor skills varied between individuals, and social skills were in the moderate category. Correlation analysis showed no strong relationship between physical activity, motor skills, and social skills, reflecting the diversity of developmental characteristics in children with ASD. However, these three aspects remain important to improve through structured interventions tailored to individual needs. These findings emphasize the importance of a holistic approach in supporting the physical, motor, and social development of children with ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder; Physical Activity; Motor Skills; Social Skills
Strategy for Management and Procurement of Agility and Strength Training Equipment to Improve Athlete Performance at the Ps. Palas Football Development Center, Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra
This study aims to analyze the management and procurement strategies for agility and strength training equipment in an effort to improve athlete performance at the PS. Palas Football Development Center in Padang Lawas Regency, North Sumatra. The main problem underlying this research is the limited training facilities and infrastructure, as well as the suboptimal strategy for managing and procuring training equipment that can support athlete achievement. This study uses a mixed methods research method with a sequential explanatory design, which begins with the collection and analysis of quantitative data through questionnaires, then continues with in-depth qualitative data through interviews and observations. The research subjects included 20 athletes, 5 coaches, and 5 club managers. The results show that the level of need for agility and strength training equipment is in the high category (85%), while the level of availability of facilities and infrastructure is still in the medium category (60%). Effective management strategies include planning training programs based on needs, optimal scheduling of equipment use, and routine equipment maintenance. Meanwhile, the procurement strategy is carried out with a collaborative approach through cooperation with local governments, sponsors, and local sports organizations. The implementation of this strategy has been proven to improve athlete performance, as indicated by a 20% increase in fitness test results and basic soccer technical skills after the program was implemented.
Development of Physical Fitness Test Measurement Application for Teacher Working Group and Subject Teacher Deliberation Physical Education in Tanjung Redeb District, Berau Regency
This research aims to develop an android-based physical fitness test measurement application to facilitate PE teachers in implementing and managing the results of students' physical fitness tests effectively and efficiently in the Elementary School Teacher Working Group and the Subject Teacher Meeting of Junior High School Tanjung Redeb District, Berau Regency. The research method uses the Research and Development (R&D) Borg and Gall model which is modified into three stages including preliminary study, product development, and experiment with physical education teacher research subjects and selected students. The research instrument was in the form of an expert validation questionnaire using a likert scale with a value range of 1-4, while the data analysis used descriptive statistics and a T-test test to measure the effectiveness of implementation. The results of expert validation showed a very high feasibility rate with a percentage of 91%-100%, small group trials obtained 82%, and large group trials reached 87% for the elementary level and 88% for the junior high school level. The implementation of the application through pretest and posttest resulted in an increase in the physical fitness category of students from less to less at the elementary level, and from less to moderate at the junior high school level in a span of two weeks. The conclusion of this study shows that the TESPEN TKJI application is feasible and effective in increasing teachers' understanding of physical fitness tests, facilitating the assessment process through automating calculations and structured databases, and providing a positive influence on improving students' physical fitness through continuous monitoring of development.
Android Apps; Physical Fitness; Tests and Pengukuran; TKJI
The Relationship Between Nutritional Knowledge, Physical Activity, and Exercise Intensity with Body Composition in Yasfi Bekasi High School
The increase in cases of overweight and obesity among adolescents is a serious challenge for public health in Indonesia. Low physical activity, high-calorie diets, and lack of nutritional knowledge are the main factors that affect the body composition and nutritional status of adolescents. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional knowledge, physical activity, and exercise intensity on the body composition of students at Yasfi Bekasi High School. The research method used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design on 114 respondents selected through total sampling. Data were collected through a nutritional knowledge questionnaire, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and an exercise intensity instrument, while body composition was measured using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Data analysis was performed descriptively and bivariately using the Spearman Rank correlation test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents had good nutritional knowledge (85.1%) and high physical activity (64.9%). A significant relationship was found between nutritional knowledge, physical activity, and exercise intensity with nutritional status (p < 0.05). Students with good nutritional knowledge and high physical activity tended to have a normal Body Mass Index (BMI), while respondents with low activity showed a tendency toward overweight. In conclusion, good nutritional knowledge, regular physical activity, and sufficient exercise intensity are an important combination in maintaining ideal body composition in adolescents. These findings emphasize the need for integrated nutrition education and physical activity promotion programs in schools to foster healthy lifestyles from an early age.
Nutritional Knowladge; Physical Activity; Exercise Intensity; Body Composition; BMI; Adolescents; BIA
The Relationship Between Self-Talk and Emotion Regulation in Volleyball Athletes in Kabupaten Bandung Barat
To achieve optimal performance in training and competition, internal dialogue and emotional regulation are two important aspects that need to be considered. Research on the relationship between self-talk and emotional regulation shows that self-talk plays a role in improving emotional control, reducing anxiety, and helping athletes maintain focus when facing competitive pressure. Specifically in volleyball, athletes often find it difficult to regulate their emotions and self-talk, which prevents them from performing at their best. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-talk and emotional regulation in volleyball athletes in West Bandung Regency. A quantitative descriptive method with a correlational design was used in this study. Twenty-four volleyball athletes from West Bandung Regency participated in this study as samples. A questionnaire to measure self-talk and emotional regulation was given to the samples once. After that, the data were processed and analyzed using SPSS Version 25. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between self-talk and emotional regulation among volleyball athletes. This study concluded that self-talk plays an important role in regulating the emotions of volleyball athletes in West Bandung Regency to achieve their desired goals, namely performance.
The Relationship Between Knowledge Level about Physical Activity and Depression Among Pre-Elderly Individuals
This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge about physical activity and depression in the pre-elderly group in the working area of the Ledeng Community Health Center (Regional Technical Implementation Unit), Bandung City. The method used is a descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional approach, where data is collected over a period of time. The study sample consisted of 50 pre-elderly people aged 45–59 years selected using accidental sampling techniques. The instruments used included a questionnaire on the level of knowledge of physical activity and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the majority of respondents had good knowledge of physical activity (56%) and experienced minimal depression (82%). Statistical tests showed a relationship between knowledge of physical activity and levels of depression in the pre-elderly (p = 0.000). These results indicate that the better the pre-elderly people's understanding of physical activity, the less prone they are to developing depression. Thus, efforts to improve health education regarding the importance of physical activity need to be strengthened as a strategy to prevent depression and improve well-being in the pre-elderly group.
Knowledge; Physical Activity; Depression; Pre-Elderly
The Effect of Maltodextrin Supplementation on Anaerobic Power of Rowing Athletes
Maltodextrin, a high-glycemic carbohydrate, is believed to maintain energy and delay muscle fatigue in rowing, a sport that relies on both aerobic and anaerobic energy sys-tems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of maltodextrin supplementation in maintaining energy and anaerobic performance in rowing athletes. The research with a randomized pretest–posttest control group design involved eight rowing athletes from West Bandung Regency, divided into an experimental group (receiving 0.25 g/kg maltodextrin) and a control group (water). The main instrument used is the Concept-2 rowing ergometer which is equipped with a digital monitor to record power output, stroke rate, and mileage for each sprint. Data were analyzed descriptively to see the mean and difference between groups, followed by the Shapiro–Wilk normality test and the Levene homogeneity test. The results showed that maltodextrin supplementation did not have a statistically significant effect on the increase in anaerobic power of rowing athletes, but physiologically had a positive ef-fect on performance. The group that received maltodextrin had a lower fatigue index (13.5%) than the control group (17.6%), indicating a better ability to maintain strength during repeated sprints. Conclusion This study showed that maltodextrin supplemen-tation at a dose of 0.25 g/kg body weight given two hours before activity had a practi-cal positive effect on the anaerobic power of rowing athletes in West Bandung Re-gency.
Maltodextrin; Anaero-Bic Power; Rowing; Supplementation; Fatigue Index
Tiktok Social Media as a Platform for Promoting a Healthy Lifestyle Through Creative Exercise Videos
This study aims to explore in depth the use of the social media platform TikTok as a tool for promoting healthy lifestyles through the distribution of creative exercise videos presented in an innovative and captivating way. This study applies a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis techniques, involving 20 creative physical exercise videos on TikTok selected based on their high engagement and viral nature. Data collection was conducted through structured observation, audio-visual recording, and examination of the health messages contained in each video, whether through verbal, non-verbal, or visual elements. The analysis focused on patterns of information delivery, movement aesthetics, music utilization, and user interaction mechanisms. Research findings reveal that creative exercise videos on TikTok have great potential as a means of promoting health. Several factors that increase the effectiveness of the content include: easy and repetitive exercise movements that are simple to follow, dynamic music to boost enthusiasm, short video lengths so as not to tire the viewer, and lively visual elements to evoke emotional appeal. Furthermore, TikTok's interactive features such as comment sections, duets, stitches, and challenges have been proven to encourage user participation in reproducing exercise movements, thereby creating a chain effect that expands the spread of health promotion messages. The results of the study confirm that TikTok is not only an entertainment platform, but also an efficient health communication channel with a visual-learning approach. This digital participation-based health promotion model has the potential as a contemporary strategy to increase public awareness and motivation toward physical activity and the formation of healthy lifestyles. Therefore, TikTok holds strategic value in the development of public health programs during the digital transformation era.
Overview of Student Perceptions of Traditional Sports at Universitas Negeri Makassar
Traditional sports have cultural values and can play a vital role in improving physical fitness and preserving cultural heritage. The popularity of traditional sports has shifted over time. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach to determine students' perceptions of traditional sports. The sample of this study involved 217 active students of the Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences at Makassar State University. This study used a questionnaire that measured students' perceptions through indicators of interest in participating in traditional sports learning, efforts to pay attention to learning, behavior during learning, facilities available during learning, and the role of lecturers in traditional games learning. The results indicated that students demonstrated a high level of interest in participating in traditional games learning, exhibited strong attention to the instructional materials, and showed positive behavioral engagement throughout the learning process. The availability of traditional sports facilities was perceived favorably, and the lecturer’s role in facilitating traditional games learning received strong positive evaluations from students. This indicates that students have a good perception of traditional sports and traditional sports are not only seen as enjoyable physical activities, but also as educational tools that have cultural value and are relevant to be preserved amidst the changing times.
Mindfulness Exercises: A Key to Reducing Stress in Adult Volleyball Athletes
Adult volleyball athletes often experience high pressure from both internal and external sources. This causes adult athletes to be prone to prolonged stress. If not treated immediately, this can cause them difficulty in achieving their maximum performance. This study aims to examine the effect of mindfulness training in reducing stress in adult volleyball athletes. This study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method involving 8 adult male volleyball athletes aged 17-25 years in Bandung Regency. The instrument used was the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS 10) questionnaire, which was administered before and after the mindfulness training treatment. The results showed that mindfulness training significantly reduced stress levels in adult volleyball athletes. The results of this study showed a significance value of 0.00, which is smaller than 0.05. In conclusion, mindfulness training has been shown to reduce stress among adult volleyball athletes and can serve as a reference for psychological training programs during daily training to help manage stress.
The Effect of Combining Visual Training with Drills on Football Players' Dribbling Skills
This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of visual training and drills on the dribbling skills of 15-year-old football players at Football Academy Perbi. Dribbling is an important basic technique in football that requires the integration of motor, perceptual, and cognitive abilities. Visual training plays a role in improving perception, focus, and decision-making, while drills serve to strengthen basic techniques through structured repetition. The research method used was an experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 17 players. The measurement instrument used was a dribbling test. The training program was given for four weeks with a frequency of three times per week. The results showed a significant increase in dribbling skills after the treatment was given. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, which means there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The average dribbling time decreased from 23.17 seconds to 19.54 seconds. Thus, the combination of visual training and drills has been proven to have a significant effect on improving the dribbling skills of young football players.
Visual Exercises; Dribbling; Football; Perceptual-Cognitive Training
Identification of Barriers in Performing Physical Activities in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
This study aims to identify and compare physical activity barriers in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and children with non-ASD disabilities based on parental perceptions. Using a comparative quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach, the research involved 56 respondents, consisting of 29 children with ASD and 27 children with non-ASD disabilities aged 6–17 years, with a gender distribution of 33 males and 23 females. The instrument used was the Barriers to Being Active Quiz (CDC, 1999), and data analysis was conducted using the Independent Sample T-Test with α = 0.05. Results showed significant differences in four categories of barriers: social influence (p = .000), lack of energy (p = .003), lack of willpower (p = .000), and lack of injury (p = .000). Children with ASD were more hindered by internal factors such as low motivation and self-regulation difficulties. Conversely, children with non-ASD disabilities were more affected by physical and environmental barriers, including fear of injury, fatigue, and lack of social support. No significant differences were found in three other categories: lack of time, lack of skill, and lack of resources. These findings emphasize the need for physical activity interventions tailored to the characteristics of each group of children with special needs.
Autism Spectrum Disorder; Barriers; Disability; Physical Activity
The Effect of PETTLEP-Based Visualization Training on the Self-Confidence Level of Pencak Silat Athletes
PETTLEP visualization is a mental training method that uses visualization techniques with a focus on seven main components: Physic, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective. This practice aims to create a mental image that closely resembles the real situation during an activity or competition, helping to improve an athlete's performance and psychological aspects such as confidence and stress management. This study aims to determine the effect of PETTLEP-based visualization training on increasing the self-confidence of pencak silat athletes. Self-confidence is an important psychological aspect that influences an athlete's ability to manage stress, make the right decisions, and display optimal performance during competitions. The research method used a one-group pretest-posttest design with a sample of 13 athletes. The instrument used was a self-confidence questionnaire completed before and after the PETTLEP visualization intervention. The results of the descriptive analysis showed an increase in the average score from 32.15 in the pretest to 35.54 in the posttest. The normality test showed that the data were normally distributed, while the paired t-test showed a significance value of 0.000, confirming a difference in scores before and after the treatment. These findings prove that PETTLEP visualization training is effective in increasing the self-confidence of pencak silat athletes by helping them build stronger mental readiness, focus, and self-confidence. Therefore, PETTLEP visualization training is recommended for implementation in pencak silat athlete development programs.
Body Composition and Physical Fitness Profile of PERSIPASI (Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Patriot Bekasi) U-17 Soccer Players in Bekasi City
This study aimed to describe the body composition and physical fitness profile of PERSIPASI U-17 soccer players in Bekasi City. A descriptive quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach was used. Participants were 11 male U-17 players who were actively involved in regular training. Body composition was assessed using a Karada Scan. Physical fitness was evaluated through field tests, including push-up, sit-up, agility run, sit-and-reach, standing broad jump, endurance run, and leg strength test. Results showed that players generally had BMI values within the normal to slightly above-normal range, with inter-individual variation in body fat and skeletal muscle mass. Most players demonstrated good to excellent upper-body and abdominal strength, high flexibility, and adequate aerobic endurance. However, agility, leg power, and leg strength were predominantly in the moderate to poor categories. These findings suggest that the current training program sufficiently develops endurance and general strength but needs to be refined to more specifically target agility and explosive lower-limb performance. In conclusion, the physical profile of PERSIPASI U-17 players is characterized by favorable body composition and several strong fitness components, yet there remains substantial room for improvement in agility, leg power, and leg strength through more focused and integrated training interventions.
The Effect of Squat Jump and Split Squat Jump Plyometric Training on Leg Power in Soccer Athletes
The purpose of this study was to determine the Effect of Squat Jump and Split Squat Jump Plyometric Exercises on the Leg Power of Football Athletes, with the research design applied in this study was "two groups pretest-posttest design". Group I was given squat jump treatment and group II was given split squat jump treatment. The location of this study was carried out at Al-Ma'soem High School, JL. Raya Cipacing No. 22, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency, West Java. The population in this study amounted to 20 people who were divided into two groups that would be given squat jump and split squat jump training actions. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique, where all populations would be samples in this study. The instrument used in this study was a vertical Jump test instrument, the test serves to measure individual leg muscle power. The test was carried out during the pretest and after being given posttest treatment. This data was processed using SPSS 22. The results of this study Sig from the squat jump and split squat jump groups was 0.000 which means less than 0.05. Furthermore, the squat jump group demonstrated a greater improvement compared to the split squat jump group. These findings indicate that both plyometric training methods are effective in enhancing lower-limb explosive power. In conclusion, squat jump and split squat jump exercises can be implemented as effective training strategies to improve leg muscle power in football athletes, providing valuable insights for coaches in optimizing training programs.
The Influence of Personality and Social Support on Adolescent Sports Motivation
This study's aim was to investigate the factors social support and personality contribute to the motivation of adolescent sportsmen. The research method used is quantitative, with descriptive correlative type. Subject of the study is 121 students of Junior high school 1 Lengkong, Sukabumi Regency. The measurements were composed of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) for personality, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) for social support, and the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) for exercise motivation. Data were analyzed using the Spearman and multiple linear regression analysis. It was found that social support and personality significantly contribute to the exercise motivation (t = 7.667; p = 0.000 and, t = 2.512; p = 0.013 respectively) and concurrently both play meaningful roles on the exercise motivation (F = 31.454; p = 0.000). The value of R² is 0.348; that is,34.8% of variation between adolescents' sports motivation was explained by the personality and social support variables, while the other remaining 65.2% could be attributed to other factors. Thus it can also be suggested that in enhancing sports motivation during adolescence, social support is more important than personality.
Personality; Social Support; Sports Motivation; Adolescent
The Effect of Contrast Training Method on Increasing of Vertical Jump, Speed, and Agility in 3x3 Basketball Athletes
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of contrast training method on increasing of vertical jump, speed and agility in 3x3 basketball athletes. The method used in this study was an experimental method with a Pretest Posttest Design research design. The study population consisted of 13 3x3 basketball athletes from Bandung City: 6 male athletes and 7 female athletes in preparation for PORPROV 2026. Who were also the research sample, selected using a total sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was vertical jump test, sprint 20 meter test and lane agility test. Data analysis was conducted using the paired sample T-Test statistical test with the aid of the SPSS version 25 application. The results showed tha there was a significant effect (p < .001) on improving vertical jump, speed, and agility in 3x3 basketball athletes. This study also concludes that there was no significant difference in the effect (p > .05) of this training method's application between the male and female athlete groups. Thus, contrast training proved to be an effective and recommended training method for enhancing crucial physical components (explosive power) equally for 3x3 basketball athletes, regardless of gender.
Survey on the Achievment Motivation of Atheletes Indonesian National Sport Committee (KONI) Bekasi City
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of achievement motivation among athletes of the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) of Bekasi City in preparation for the 2025 West Java Provincial Sports Week (PORPROV XV) Qualification Round. The achievement motivation questionnaire was developed based on the Need for Achievement theory, consisting of 31 valid items with four dimensions: enthusiasm, self-confidence, perseverance, and discipline. Data were collected from 140 athletes consisting of pre-adolescent, adolescent, and adult categories, then analyzed using SPSS version 23. The results showed that in three dimensions namely enthusiasm, self-confidence, and determination, 139 athletes (99.29%) were in the high motivation category, while 1 athlete (0.71%) was in the low category. In the discipline dimension, 138 athletes (98.57%) were in the high category and 2 athletes (1.43%) were in the low category. Overall, these findings indicate that the majority of athletes have high and consistent achievement motivation in most dimensions, reflecting good psychological readiness to face competition. Although most athletes have high motivation, there are some athletes who need psychological reinforcement to achieve optimal consistency, so a comprehensive coaching program is very necessary. Overall, these findings reflect the psychological readiness and high commitment of athletes to achieve optimal performance in competitions.
Survey; Achievement Motivation; Bekasi City KONI Athletes
Survey on Mental Toughness and Self-Confidence among Athletes Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) of Bekasi City
This study aims to determine the level of mental toughness and self-confidence in athletes among athletes of the Indonesian National Sports Committee (KONI) Bekasi City in preparation for the qualifying round of the West Java Provincial Sports Week (PORPROV XV) 2025. This study used a quantitative approach involving 140 athletes consisting of pre-teen, teen, and adult categories. Data were obtained through the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) consisting of 14 valid items to measure mental toughness, and a self-confidence questionnaire consisting of 15 valid items. The results showed that in the self-confidence dimension of mental toughness, 140 athletes (100.00%) were classified as high, while 0 athletes (0.00%) were classified as low. In the control dimension, 109 athletes (77.86%) were classified as high, while 31 athletes (22.14%) were classified as low. In the consistency dimension, 131 athletes (93.57%) were classified as high, and 9 athletes (6.43%) were classified as low. Meanwhile, in terms of self-confidence, the indicators showed high categories for optimism (136 athletes, 97.14%), rationality (128 athletes, 91.43%), responsibility (120 athletes, 85.71%), belief in self-ability (104 athletes, 74.29%), and objectivity (80 athletes, 57.14%). As for the low category, the objectivity indicator recorded the highest number (60 athletes, 42.86%), followed by belief in self-ability (36 athletes, 25.17%), responsibility (20 athletes, 14.29%), rationality (12 athletes, 8.57%), and optimism (4 athletes, 2.86%). Overall, all dimensions of mental toughness and self-confidence of the athletes showed a high category, seen from the dominance of the high category in all dimensions measured. This finding indicates that the athletes have good psychological readiness in facing PORPROV XV 2025.
Mental Toughness; Self Confindence; Bekasi City KONI Athletes
The Effect of Self-Talk on Increasing the Self-Confidence of Pencak Silat Athletes
This study aims to examine the effect of self-talk training on improving the self-confidence of Pencak Silat athletes. Self-confidence is an essential psychological factor influencing athletic performance, while self-talk is a mental training technique that helps regulate thoughts and emotions through positive internal dialogue. This study employed a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design involving 21 Pencak Silat athletes from Junior high school 46 Jakarta. The intervention consisted of eight self-talk sessions over four weeks focusing on education, practice, and reflection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26. The average self-confidence score at the pretest was 33.52 with a standard deviation of 3.842, while at the posttest it increased to 38.57 with a standard deviation of 3.501. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed that both pretest and posttest data were normally distributed (p > 0.05), and the Levene’s Test indicated homogeneous variance (p = 0.567). The paired sample t-test produced a significance value of p = 0.000, indicating a significant difference between pretest and posttest results. These findings demonstrate that self-talk training effectively increases athletes’ self-confidence, emotional control, and focus, making it a practical psychological strategy to improve mental readiness and performance in Pencak Silat athletes.
MMC-Circuit Model: Tarung Derajat Training to Improve Athletes’ Technical Skills and Discipline
This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the MMC-Circuit Model, a Tarung Derajat training approach designed to improve athletes’ technical skills and discipline. The model is based on the philosophy of Muscle, Mind, and Conscience, integrating technical, physical, and mental components into a structured 12-station circuit training format. The research involved 20 athletes in a small-scale trial and 40 athletes in a large-scale trial over eight weeks. Quantitative results showed significant improvements in athletes’ technical performance, with punching and kicking skills increasing by 19–21%, and a reduction in rule violations by 55%. The model’s overall feasibility was rated 91% (very feasible) by experts. The t-test analysis indicated a significant difference between pretest and posttest results (p < 0.05), while correlation tests showed a strong negative relationship (r = –0.721) between rule compliance and the number of violations. Qualitative feedback revealed enhanced confidence, focus, motivation, and understanding of competition ethics among athletes. These findings demonstrate that the MMC-Circuit Model effectively enhances technical skills, physical readiness, and discipline, while promoting the core values of Tarung Derajat. The model provides a practical, holistic, and sustainable framework for developing athletes in free-fight competitions.
Athlete Development; Discipline; MMC-Circuit Model; Tarung Derajat; Technical Skills
The Effect of Power Medicine Ball Training on Long Throw-In Ability in Football Athletes
This study aims to determine the effect of power training using a medicine ball on improving long throw-in ability in football athletes. The research method used was an experiment with a one-group pretest–posttest design, involving 12 active male football athletes in the UPI Football Student Activity Unit aged 18–20 years who play the positions of fullback and winger. The training program was carried out for 16 sessions using the set system method, including the Overhead Medicine Ball Throw, Chest Pass to Wall, Rotational Throw, and Medicine Ball Slams movements with a load of 4–5 kg and explosive intensity. The instrument used was the Throw-in Distance Measurement Test to measure the throwing distance. The Pretest score had an average (mean) of 17.11 with a standard deviation of 2.85, while the Posttest score had an average of 19.01 with a standard deviation of 3.10. The results showed a significant increase in long throw-in ability after being given training using a medicine ball. This increase occurred because the training was able to develop functional arm, shoulder, and core muscle strength through explosive movements that resemble real throwing techniques. It can be concluded that power training using a medicine ball is an effective and applicable method to improve long throw-in ability in football athletes.
Risk Level of Exercise Posture on Musculoskeletal Disorder in Petanque Athletes
This study aims to analyse the risk level of exercise posture on musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at the Faculty of Sports and Health Science , Makassar State University (UNM). Petanque requires athletes to perform repetitive movements and maintain certain body positions, especially when throwing, which can potentially cause musculoskeletal disorders. This study employs a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained through direct observation of athletes' working posture during activities and analysed using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method to assess the level of posture risk for musculoskeletal complaints. The results of the analysis showed that most athletes were in the low to moderate risk category, especially in the back, upper arm and wrist, caused by non-ergonomic body positions when throwing. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the posture of petanque athletes contributes to an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders, thus requiring attention to the application of ergonomic principles and improvement of posture techniques in training to reduce the potential for musculoskeletal injuries.
The Role of Plyometric Training in Optimizing Strength and Agility
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of plyometric training in improving strength and agility, as well as to compare the extent to which plyometric exercises are more effective than conventional training methods. The research employed an experimental approach designed to identify causal relationships between the treatment and the measured outcomes. The study utilized a Pretest Posttest One Group Design, in which measurements were conducted both before and after the intervention. The research sample comprised 20 students actively participating in the volleyball extracurricular program. The research instruments included a leg dynamometer to assess lower-limb muscle strength and a zig-zag test to evaluate participants’ agility levels. The findings revealed significant differences between the pretest and posttest results for both dependent variables strength and agility. The obtained significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) indicates that the implemented training programs, namely the box drill and flog jump exercises, had a substantial impact on enhancing the participants’ physical performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that plyometric training has a positive influence and statistical impact on increasing strength and agility. Overall, this study reaffirms that plyometric training is an effective and efficient method for enhancing physical capabilities, making it highly recommended for inclusion in athletic conditioning and performance development programs.
The Effect of Battle Rope Training on the Long Throw Ability of Football Athlete
This study aims to determine the effect of battle ropes training on the long throw-in ability of football athletes. The study used an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 12 male football athletes from Jasukars FC. The training program was carried out for 16 meetings over four weeks with variations of Power Slams, Double Waves, Jumping Slams, Plank Battle Ropes, and Squat to Waves exercises. Data were collected using the Throw-in Distance Measurement instrument and analyzed through the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and the Paired Sample t-test. The results showed a significant increase in long throw-in ability after being given battle ropes training. This increase was caused by the development of upper body strength, explosive power, and core muscle stability produced through dynamic and isometric contractions during the exercise. These findings reinforce that battle ropes training is able to provide specific motor transfer to throw-in mechanics, thereby increasing throwing efficiency and distance. Thus, battle ropes training is recommended as an effective alternative in developing functional strength and throw-in ability for football athletes.
Battle Ropes; Throw-In; Football Athlete
The Effectiveness of Tactical Game Approach Through Handball Games on Decision Making and Manipulative Movement Skills of Elementary School Students
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of the Tactical Game Approach (TGA) through handball games on improving decision-making abilities and manipulative motor skills of elementary school students. The background of this study is because PE learning in elementary schools is still dominated by conventional approaches, making students less active and less involved in the game. This study used an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design and involved 30 elementary school students selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) to measure decision-making abilities and the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) to measure manipulative motor skills during the pretest and posttest. The data obtained were analyzed using the non-parametric Shapiro-Wilk test to test normality and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test to test differences in pretest and posttest results. The results showed an increase in the average score in both aspects studied. Based on the Wilcoxon test results, a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) was obtained, which means there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest results. The application of the Tactical Game Approach through handball games is effective in improving decision-making abilities and manipulative motor skills of elementary school students. Further research is recommended to use an experimental design involving a control group or compare the effectiveness of TGA with other learning models.
Tactical Game Approach; Decision Making; Manipulative Movement Skills
Correlation of Quadriceps Angular Biomechanics to Anxiety in Amateur Women Football Athletes : Injury Risk Analysis
Injury prevention in female football athletes requires a multidimensional approach that integrates both biomechanical and psychological assessments. This research aims to examine the relationship between the quadriceps angle (Q-angle) and competitive anxiety in amateur female football players, with a focus on understanding the impact of Q-angle as an injury risk factor on anxiety levels. The importance of this study stems from the global rise of female participation in football, which is accompanied by a high incidence of lower extremity injuries, particularly among adolescents—a group that is physically and emotionally vulnerable. A total of eleven female athletes aged 14–21 years participated in the study. Q-angle measurements were conducted using image-based digital goniometry (KINOVEA®), whereas the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) was utilized to assess levels of anxiety both before and after match participation. The findings revealed a non-significant decrease in anxiety scores following match play (from 35.23 ± 7.21 to 32.28 ± 8.49; p = 0.076), which may suggest a reduction in anticipatory stress after real-game involvement. Q-angle values varied widely from 9.5° to 29°, with several athletes exhibiting angles outside the normative female range of 15°–20°, indicating a possible increased risk for lower-extremity injuries. Even though a meaningful association was not established between the Q-angle measurements and anxiety levels, the occurrence of extreme readings in both areas among specific individuals suggests a potentially compounded injury risk that should be further investigatedIn spite of constraints such as a limited number of participants and the use of a cross-sectional study design, this research underscores the practical utility of low-cost, field-friendly tools for early detection of biomechanical and psychological injury risk factors. The results support the integration of dual-domain screening into injury prevention programs for adolescent female football players.
Anxiety; Biomechanics; Football; Injury Risk; Q- angle; Women
The Relationship Between Students' Perceptions of Physical Education Subjects and Their Motivation to Study Physical Education at Kartika XIX-2 Junior High School in Bandung
This study looks at how students view Physical Education, Sports, and Health classes and how that ties into their drive to learn at Junior High School Kartika XIX-2 in Bandung. The whole thing started because students often see these classes in a low light and lack real motivation for them. People still treat PE like its just an extra thing, not the main focus. Researchers went with a quantitative method and a correlational setup to dig into this. The group they studied included every student at that school. For the sample, they picked 105 students through simple random sampling. They gathered data using a questionnaire with closed questions on a 4-point Likert scale. To analyze it, they ran the Spearman's Rho correlation test since the data did not follow a normal distribution. The findings pointed to a very strong positive link between how students perceive PE and their motivation to learn, with an r value of 0.889 and p less than 0.05. That means the better students feel about PE, the more motivated they get to engage. These results really highlight why teachers need to step up and create positive views through fun, hands-on strategies that make sense and fit the Independent Curriculum principles.
Student Perception; Learning Motivation; PE
Development of Web-Based Information System to Support Personal Trainers’ Performance in Medan
The project objective is to design a web-based information system that is aimed at recording the training programs and body composition of clients and improve the performance of personal trainers in Medan City. Manual recording systems, because they are more error prone and difficult to analyze or give real-time feedback, become the key problem for personal trainers. It adopted Research and Development (R&D) approach to research using 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). The user-generated product Trainer Track has features such as digital exercise log, body composition tracking, and visualization of the user’s progress. The feasibility of the system was supported by two expert validation and field operation using 25 personal trainers from the fitness centres of Medan. Results It showed that the system reached a feasibility level of 94.75%, rated as highly feasible. These findings indicate that the use of a web-based information system can lead to a much more efficient work, higher accuracy data collection and the empowerment of the personal trainers to run a personalized data based training service.