ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation
ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/peshr MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal is a peer-reviewed, four-color, professional journal. Continuously published since 2012, Active serves as an authoritative, professional source for educators in physical education, sports, health, and recreation in all settings. It provides the information needed to assist students and clients in learning motor skills, improving fitness, and pursuing physical activity and sport participation safely and appropriately. Active features articles about teaching methods, curriculum, teacher preparation, professional issues, coaching, youth sports, fitness, recreation, and heatlh. Regular departments offer teaching tips, analysis of lawsuits, technology updates, and viewpoints about the professions. Online ISSN (2460-724X) Print ISSN (2252-6773) E-mail: active@mail.unnes.ac.id
The Correlation of Physical Fitness Towards an Academic Grades and Physical Education Grades in Senior High School
The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between physical fitness and students' academic grades and physical education scores. The type of research conducted was correlational research using a correlation test to determine the relationship between variables, with a sample of 67 students of Senior High School 1 Grabag. The research by taking student physical fitness data using the Nusantara student fitness test (TKPN) and student report card data as a representation of academic scores and physical education scores. The correlation test on the physical fitness variable with academic scores showed a significant result of 0.0001 < 0.05 and had a strong relationship of 0.654 > 0.610. Likewise with the physical fitness correlation test which showed a significant result of 0.0001 < 0.05 and had a strong relationship of 0.621 > 0.610. The results of this study that physical fitness has a positive and strong relationship with academic grades and students' physical education scores. In depth, physical fitness plays a role in increasing brain neuroplasticity through BDNF secretion that optimizes cognitive function, as well as increasing cardiorespiratory capacity that supports movement efficiency and emotion regulation. In conclusion, physical fitness is a crucial internal instrument that directly and indirectly supports students' learning achievement holistically through physical, cognitive, and psychological readiness.
Physical Fitness; Academic Value; Physical Education Value
Copyright (c) 2026 ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation
Development of Digital-Based Teaching Materials (Flipbook) on Basic Block Technique Material in Sepak Takraw
Sepak takraw is a traditional game originating from Southeast Asia, widely sought after in countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Myanmar. The aim of this research is to develop digital flipbook-based teaching materials using basic block techniques using qualitative and quantitative research methods. Results of observations through Google Forms and interviews, which showed that 97.6% of respondents agreed that there was effective and flexible learning innovation. All respondents (100%) also confirmed that flipbook-based digital teaching materials had never been applied in teaching basic sepak takraw techniques using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, quantitatively, and qualitatively, with the research subjects being fifth-semester students of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation Study Program who were selected purposively . The data collection instrument in this study used a questionnaire recording sheet. The results showed that the content/material expert test obtained a very feasible category (100%), the design expert test was feasible (83%), the media expert test was very feasible (98%), and the field practitioner expert test was 98%. The product trial also produced a highly suitable category, with a presentation of 95.4% in individual trials, 96% in small group trials, and 95% in large group trials. Thus, this flipbook-based digital teaching material is considered highly relevant and suitable for use in learning.
The Effectiveness of Targeted Shooting Exercises in Improving Kick Accuracy in Young Development Soccer Players
The main problem in this study is the low accuracy of players' kicks when in front of the goal. This study aims to test the effectiveness of targeted shooting exercises in improving kick accuracy in Bina Muda football players. The research method used was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest design of one group. The research sample amounted to 20 players taken using the total sampling technique. The research instrument used kick accuracy tests carried out before and after the intervention. The results of the descriptive analysis showed a significant increase in the average shot accuracy score, from 2.65 during the pretest to 6.05 during the posttest. The study data showed that they were normally distributed (p > 0.05) and had homogeneous variance (p = 0.864). Based on the hypothesis test using the Paired Sample T-Test, a t-count value of -11.855 was obtained with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05. These findings suggest that there is a very significant difference between the ability of the kick to be accurate before and after treatment. The decrease in standard deviation from 1,631 to 1,572 also indicates that the player's abilities have become more consistent collectively. The conclusion of this study is that targeted shooting exercises are highly effective in improving the kick accuracy of Young Builders players through the formation of muscle memory and sharper visual focus.
Self-Confidence Reviewed from the Coach-Athlete Relationship: A Case Study at the Gerak Raga Buana (Gerana) Pencak Silat Academy
In the context of competitive sports training, the psychological aspects of athletes are one of the important factors that determine the success of training and performance during competition. One of these psychological aspects is self-confidence, which is believed to be inseparable from the quality of the relationship between the coach and the athlete during the training process. Based on this, this study aims to determine the effect of the coach-athlete relationship on the self-confidence of pencak silat athletes. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The research subjects consisted of 53 pencak silat athletes who were used as respondents. The research instruments used included the Coach–Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) to measure the coach–athlete relationship and the Athletic Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASQ) to measure the athletes' level of self-confidence. The data obtained were then analyzed using normality tests, linearity tests, Pearson's correlation tests, and simple linear regression tests. The results of the analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between the coach-athlete relationship and athlete self-confidence, although the level of the relationship found was relatively weak. In line with these findings, the regression test results showed that the coach-athlete relationship had a positive effect on athlete self-confidence, but the contribution of this effect was relatively small. This indicates that athletes' self-confidence is not only influenced by their relationship with their coaches, but also by other factors outside the research variables. Nevertheless, these findings confirm that the coach-athlete relationship still plays an important role as a supporting factor in building the self-confidence of pencak silat athletes.
Coach-Athlete Relationship; Self-Confidence; Pencak Silat
Development of Digital-Based Teaching Materials (Flipbook) on Basic Passing Technique Material in Sepak Takraw Learning
This research is motivated based on observations and interviews with students showing that 100% stated that there are no digital flipbook-based teaching materials in sepak takraw learning. Then 91.7% stated the need for learning innovations that support the learning process. This research aims to produce digital flipbook-based teaching materials on matari basic passing techniques in sepak takraw learning. This study uses the ADDIE model which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data analysis techniques used include quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The subjects in this study were four validators and students in the fifth semester of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PE) study program who were selected using purposive sampling. Based on the expert test of the content of the material received a score of 100% very good, the learning design expert test got a score of 88% in the good category, the learning media expert test got a score of 97% very good, and the field practitioner expert test got a score of 98% very well and the individual trial got a score of 94% with the very good category, the small group trial got a score of 95% very good, and large group trials with a score of 95% were excellent. Thus, this teaching material is very feasible to be used in the sepak takraw learning process in improving the quality of learning.
Development; Flipbook; Passing Technique; Sepak Takraw
Development of a Volleyball Service Learning Model Through Game-Based Activities in Physical Education at Junior High School 5 Bengkulu
This research and development were based on a policy (R &D) aimed to produce a valid, practical, and effective Volleyball game base service learning model for Physical Education (PE) in Junior High School 5 Kota Bengkulu. The study used the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation as a design for Research and Development (R&D). Data collection techniques consisted of observation, interviews, and questionnaire surveys to obtain expert validation data and to assess the practicality of the developed product. Five prototype game-oriented volleyball service learning models were first developed depending on the students' characteristics, whereas the validation, refinement and operational results indicated that four of the models could be workplace-ready model, namely Target Zone Service Model, Service Relay Model, Hit and Cone Model and Service and Run Model. The validity by expert (a learning expert, a volleyball subject-matter professional and a media specialist) of the system showed that feasibility scores for three experts were in high 90.3%, 91.0% and 90.6% with results all falling into highly feasible. Restrained implementation proved the feasibility and favorability of the four models among teachers, as well as students' motivation for participating in activities. On the basis of these results, the game-based volleyball service learning model is regarded as feasible, acceptable and practicable, and may be an optional instructional strategy to improve volleyball service teaching in junior secondary Physical Education classes.
Physical Education; Volleyball Service; Game-Based Learning; Instructional Model; Junior Secondary School
Effectiveness of Integrating Educational Games in Physical Fitness Training to Improve Students Cardiorespiratory Capacity
Background: Cardiorespiratory capacity (CRF) is crucial for physical and cognitive health in children and adolescents. However, declines in CRF due to sedentary lifestyles highlight the need for effective interventions in school-based physical education (PE) programs. Traditional PE methods often fail to engage students sufficiently. Objective: This systematic literature review (SLR) evaluates the effectiveness of integrating educational games into physical fitness training, comparing it with traditional high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving CRF in students. Methods: A systematic search across Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar identified experimental and quasi-experimental studies from the last 10 years. Studies included were those that integrated educational games into fitness programs and measured CRF outcomes. Results: HIIT consistently improved CRF, particularly VO₂ max and aerobic performance. Game-based interventions showed smaller but significant improvements, primarily through enhanced engagement and motivation. Combining game elements with HIIT enhanced both physiological and behavioral outcomes. Conclusion: HIIT and game-based interventions offer complementary benefits for improving CRF. HIIT provides significant physiological gains, while educational games foster long-term participation. A combined approach could optimize both fitness and engagement in PE programs. Further research is needed to refine intervention parameters and assess long-term outcomes.
Cardiorespiratory Capacity; Educational Games; High-Intensity Interval Training; Physical Education; Systematic Literature Review
Copyright (c) 2025 ACTIVE: Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation
A Model for Physical Education Based Prevent Bullying Instruction for Primary School Students
Background: Bullying is a persistent issue in primary education, impacting children’s physical, emotional, and social development. Despite efforts to create positive school environments, bullying continues in various forms, including physical, psychological, and cyberbullying. Many prevention programs are reactive rather than proactive, focusing on punishment instead of fostering positive behavior from an early age. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate a physical education (PE) based bullying prevention model for primary school students. The model integrates physical activity with social-emotional learning (SEL) to promote a safer, inclusive school environment. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to examine research on PE based bullying prevention interventions. Studies were selected based on their focus on primary school students, PE, and bullying behaviors. The review followed the PRISMA framework for methodological rigor. Results: The SLR highlights the effectiveness of PE in reducing bullying by promoting positive social behaviors. Key factors include the role of PE teachers, cooperative learning strategies, and SEL integration. Well-structured PE interventions were found to reduce bullying and enhance social skills like empathy and conflict resolution. However, few studies provided a comprehensive PE-based bullying prevention model. Conclusion: This study proposes a PE-based bullying prevention model that integrates physical activity with SEL, fostering a safe and inclusive learning environment. Further research is needed to assess its long-term impact and applicability.
Bullying Prevention; Physical Education; Social-Emotional Learning; Primary School; Empathy; Cooperation
Development of Bola Tepak Game Model for Physical Education (PE) Instruction at Madrasah Tswanawiyah 1 Palembang
Physical education (PE) requires innovative and enjoyable learning models to improve students’ motor skills, motivation, and engagement. Traditional striking-based games are often less contextualized with students’ developmental characteristics, leading to limited skill acquisition and reduced participation. Therefore, this research aims to develop a Bola Tepak game-based learning model for PE instruction at Madrasah Tsanawiyah 1 Palembang and to describe its validity and practicality. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The participants included 7th-grade students as users and expert validators consisting of learning experts, content specialists, and media developers. Data collection techniques consisted of expert validation sheets, observation sheets, questionnaires, and field implementation tests. Validation results indicated that the model was feasible to implement, with an average score of 84% from learning experts, 86% from content experts, and 83.3% from media experts. Practicality testing involving students demonstrated positive implementation outcomes, with an average acceptance score of 88.1% and positive responses toward five game variations: Single Target Tepak, Chain Cone Tepak, Rolling Ball Tepak, Score Zone Tepak, and Team Relay Tepak. The findings show that the model enhances students’ striking skills, coordination, concentration, teamwork, and learning motivation. In conclusion, the Bola Tepak game-based learning model is valid, practical, and feasible to be used as an innovative and enjoyable alternative instructional strategy for PE.
Game; Bola Tepak; Physical Education; Learning Model
The Effect of Implementing the Sport Education Model (SEM) on Students’ Motivation in Physical Education (PE) Learning Basketball at State Vocational High School 1 of South Indralaya
Learning motivation is an important factor in the success of Physical Education, Sports, and Health learning, especially in basketball. Learning that is still dominated by conventional methods tends to result in low student participation and motivation. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the Sport Education Model (SEM) on student learning motivation in PE learning on basketball at State Vocational High School 1 South Indralaya. This study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method. The research subjects consisted of an experimental class given SEM learning treatment and a control class using conventional learning. The research instrument was a student learning motivation questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test. The results showed that there was a significant increase in student learning motivation in the experimental class after the implementation of SEM, and there was a significant difference in learning motivation between the experimental and control classes. For data analysis using the t-test dan ANCOVA, showing the results that there was a significant difference with a value of α = 0,05, so that the application of SEM had a real effect on student learning motivation after controlling for covariate variabels. These findings indicate that SEM is more effective than conventional learning in increasing self-motivation ini PE Learning, especially in basketball material. Thus, the Sport Education Model has a positive effect on student learning motivation in PE learning on basketball. The application of SEM is recommended as an alternative learning model to increase student engagement and motivation.
Sport Education Model; Motivasi; PE; Basket
The Effect of Single Leg Bound and Split Jump Training on The Straight Kicking Ability of Athletes Dikapasita
Low ability of straight kick to Dikapasita martial arts athletes in Teluk Jaya while competing is one of the problems that are emphasized in this study. This study aims to determine the influence of single leg bound and split jump training on Dikapasita straight kick martial artist. This research type is experimental research with an experimental training control design design using a pretest-posttest two group design method. The research subjects were 20 Dikapasita male martial artists in the teenager age category divided into two treatment groups. Data collection techniques use a test and measurement by a straight kick trial test that is carried out before and after providing treatment as well as posttest. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics to find out the mean value as well as inferential statistics in the form of t-test at a significance level α= 0.05. The results showed that the average leg straight kick ability in single leg bound training group increased from 17 to 26, whereas the split jump training group increased from 18 to 26. The t-test results show a significant increase in both groups, namely the single leg bound group with t count 25.735 > t table 1.761 and the split jump group with t count 14.720 > t table 1.761. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that single leg bound and split jump training have a significant effect on increasing the ability of Strainght kick martial artists Dikapasita, but single leg bound training is more effective than split jump training.
The Effect of Zig-Zag Run and Shuttle Run Training on the Agility of Crescent Kicks of Pencak Silat Athletes in Teluk Jaya Village, Kelekar District
The problem in this study is the low agility of the sickle kick of pencak silat athletes at the school in Teluk Jaya Village, Kelekar District. Therefore, during the match, the attacks carried out are easily read and analyzed by the opponent. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of zig-zag run and shuttle run training on the agility of the sickle kick of pencak silat athletes in Teluk Jaya Village, Kelekar District. The method used was an experimental study with a two-group pretest–posttest design. This research design aims to determine the causal relationship or the effect of a treatment on the dependent variable. The population of this study was all 20 pencak silat athletes, with 16 training sessions in each group. The sample of this study was divided into two groups, each consisting of 10 teenage boys. The data collection instrument in this study used a test, namely the sickle kick agility test. The test was conducted twice, namely a pretest where the aim was to determine the level of the athlete's initial ability before being given treatment, and a posttest after the zig-zag run and shuttle run training treatment. The data is in the form of the average number of crescent kicks successfully performed in a certain time according to the Bruce kick agility test procedure. The data analysis techniques used consist of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis uses the mean test of pretest and posttest results by processing the data results from each group. Inferential analysis with prerequisite tests uses normality tests and homogeneity tests. The data results are continued with an independent sample t-test to determine the effect of zig-zag run and shuttle run training on the crescent kick agility of pencak silat athletes.
Application of Channel and Content Youtube Learning Media to Volleyball Skill Learning Outcomes
This study aims to determine the influence and effectiveness of the application of CCY (YouTube Channel and Content) learning media on the learning outcomes of volleyball skills of grade VIII students in the subject of Physical Education at Junior high school 1 Pasirjambu. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a quantitative approach involving two groups, namely the experimental class that is given treatment using CCY learning media and the control class that uses conventional learning. The research instrument is a volleyball basic technique skill test which includes bottom passing, top passing, and bottom serve, referring to the NCSU Volleyball Skills Test Battery Volleyball Skills Test Battery. Data analysis was carried out through the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, Levene homogeneity test, independent sample t-test, N-Gain test, and covariate analysis (ANCOVA) with the help of the IBM SPSS application. The results of the study showed that the data was distributed normally and homogeneously. Independent sample t-tests showed significant differences between the learning outcomes of volleyball skills of students in the experimental class and the control class (p < 0.05). The results of the N-Gain test showed a higher increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class with the medium to high improvement category, compared to the control class in the low to medium category. ANCOVA's analysis strengthens the finding that the application of CCY learning media has a significant effect on improving students' volleyball skills after being controlled by initial grades. The conclusion of this study is that CCY learning media is effective and has a positive effect in improving students' volleyball skill learning achievements. This media can be used as an innovative alternative in Physical Education learning to optimally improve students' motivation, movement understanding, and skills.
Youtube-Based Learning Media; Volleyball; PE Learning Outcomes
Scouting Extracurricular Activities as a Means of Increasing Motivation for Physical Activity: an Analysis of Gender Differences in Students
Engaging students in physical activity through extracurricular programs remains a persistent challenge in educational settings, as declining participation rates continue to raise concerns among educators and health professionals. This study investigated the motivational factors underlying physical activity among Scouting extracurricular members at Kerinci 6 State Senior High School. A descriptive survey involving 40 participants (30 females, 10 males) measured both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation using a validated 28-item questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.92.. Results indicated that male participants demonstrated marginally higher scores on both motivation dimensions compared to their female counterparts; statistical analysis, employing independent samples t tests, revealed no significant gender differences (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis yielded noteworthy findings: intrinsic motivation exhibited a near perfect correlation with physical activity motivation (r = 0.975, p < .001), substantially stronger than the correlation observed for extrinsic motivation (r = 0.797, p < .001). These findings suggest that fostering genuine interest and personal satisfaction prove more effective than external incentives in promoting sustained physical activity engagement. Longitudinal investigations are warranted to establish the durability of these motivational patterns.
The Influence of the Progressive Section Method on Single Art Movements in Beginner Athletes
The single art of pencak silat is a competitive category with extremely intricate motions that require exacting skill, steady pace, and simultaneous comprehension of movement. Due to their lack of coordination and expertise, new athletes frequently find it challenging to properly comprehend and grasp the movement sequences. This circumstance emphasizes the necessity of training techniques that can deconstruct intricate movement patterns through organized and methodical learning phases. This study aims to measure the efficiency of the progressive section method on the movement skills of standard single arts for beginner IPSI pencak silat athletes in Cilacap Regency. Standard single arts have a high level of movement complexity, thus requiring a gradual and structured learning approach. This study implemented an experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest model. The research sample consisted of 12 beginner athletes selected using a saturated sampling method. The research instrument was a standard single arts assessment format according to the PB IPSI guidelines, while data analysis used normality tests and t-tests. The results showed an increase in the average score from pretest to posttest as well as a significant difference between before and after treatment. This indicates that the progressive section method successfully improves the movement skills of standard single arts techniques of beginner athletes. This method facilitates athletes to recognize step-by-step movements, improve technical accuracy, and maintain consistent movement rhythm. Therefore, the progressive section method is recommended as a training technique in the development of beginner pencak silat athletes.
Progressive Section Method; Standard Single Art; Beginner Athlete
Objective Measurement of Physical Activity with Accelerometers in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can affect children's involvement in physical activity. Low physical activity and high sedentary behavior have the potential to negatively impact the health and fitness of children with ASD. This study aims to describe the level of activity patterns and sedentary behavior of children with ASD, measured objectively using an accelerometer.. Penelitian ini menggunakan observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross-sectional). The subjects of this study were nine children with ASD aged 6-18 years who were recruited purposively at the YPAC Bandung Special School (SLB-D). Activity was measured using an accelerometer worn for seven consecutive days. The data were analyzed descriptively, including energy expenditure, Metabolic Equivalent of Task (METs) values, sedentary behavior (sedentary bouts and sedentary breaks), and daily step count. The results showed that the average energy expenditure was 997.54 kcal with an average METs value of 1.038, indicating a predominance of very light-intensity activities. Children with ASD spend most of their time being sedentary, with long periods of sedentary behavior. Although there are variations in the number of daily steps between individuals, the intensity of physical activity remains relatively low. The conclusion of this study shows that children with ASD have low physical activity and are dominated by sedentary behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of developing structured and inclusive physical activity programs to increase physical activity intensity and reduce sedentary time in children with ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder; Physical Activity; Accelerometer; Sedentary Behavior
The Effect of Cone Drill Training on the Agility of Football Athletes at Cibubur Youth Athlete Training Center (CYATC)
Agility is an important component of physical fitness in football as it supports athletes’ ability to change direction quickly, accurately, and with balance. Adolescent football players require optimal agility to enhance their technical and tactical performance. This study aimed to determine the effect of cone drill training on the agility of football athletes at Cibubur Youth Athlete Training Center in 2025. The research employed an experimental method using a pretest–posttest control group design. The sample consisted of football athletes from Cibubur Youth Athlete Training Center who received cone drill training as the intervention. Agility was measured before and after the intervention using the Arrowhead Agility Test. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. The results showed an improvement in agility, indicated by a reduction in Arrowhead Agility Test completion time in the group that received cone drill training. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, cone drill training has a significant effect on improving agility in adolescent football athletes and can be considered an effective training method within athlete development programs.
The Relationship between Confidence Level and the Decision to Take Remote Shooting in Futsal Players of the Excellent Sport Club Bogor City Team
This study aims to analyze the relationship between self confidence and long-range shooting decision-making in futsal players of the Bogor City Excellent Sport Club Team. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational design to test the relationship between psychological variables and players' tactical behavior in the context of futsal matches. The research subjects consisted of 30 futsal players who were selected using saturated sampling techniques, so that the entire population was used as a research sample. The level of self-confidence was measured using the State Sport Confidence Inventory (SSCI), while shooting decision-making was measured using the Scale Of Effective Decision-Making Sport (SEDMS) which was equipped with observation of player performance on the field. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software, including descriptive static, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and Spearman correlation test as inferential analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the selft confidence level of futsal players was in the relatively high category, while the shooting decision-making ability was in the medium category. The normality test showed that the SSCI data was normally distributed, while the SEDMS data was not normally distributed, so the relationship analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test. The results of the correlation test showed a very weak and insignificant positive relationship between self confidence and shooting decision-making (r = 0.091; p > 0.05). These findings indicate that self-confidence has no meaningful relationship with long-range shooting decision-making. Thus, shooting decision-making in futsal games is influenced by various other factors outside of confidence, such as technical readiness, tactical understanding, match experience, and match situational conditions.
Self Confidence, Decision Making, Shooting, Futsal
The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle and Dietary Patterns on Physical Ability Perception Among Female Taekwondo Athletes
This study examines how female taekwondo athletes perceive physical abilities, menstrual cycles, and diet. This study applied a quantitative method with a ceoss-sectional correlational design. A total of 36 female taekwondo athletes were recruited through total sampling techniques, divided into junior (n = 21) and senior (n = 15) groups. The instruments used included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short From (IPAQ-SF) questionnaire to evaluate the perception of physical ability; Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) to measure diet; and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MEDI-Q) questionnaire to assess the menstrual cycle. Data analysis was carried out using the Pearson product moment correlation test and descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that in the junior group, there was no significant association between diet and menstrual cycle (r = 0.159; p > 0.05), as well as between diet and views on the perception of physical ability (r = -0.025; p > 0.05). Meanwhile, in the senior group, a meaningful relationship with moderate negative strength was identified between menstrual cycle and perception of physical ability (r = -0.516; p < 0.05). In general, these findings indicate that the association between menstrual cycles and views on physical ability is situational and is more strongly seen in senior-level athletes.
Physical activity; Female athletes; Diet; Menstrual cycle; Taekwondo
The The Effect of Jumping Step Up Training on Improving the Rhythm of Long Jump Takeoff of Elementary School Students
This study aims to determine the effect of jumping step-up training on increasing the takeoff rhythm in the long jump of elementary school students. Takeoff rhythm is a very important technical component because it determines the effectiveness of energy transfer from the run-up phase to the takeoff and jump phases. This study used an experimental method with a one-group pretest–posttest design with 19 elementary school students participating in physical education. The research instrument was a long jump skills test that assessed the accuracy of the takeoff rhythm, while treatment was given through jumping step-up training for eight meetings with structured intensity. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test to determine differences in results before and after treatmentThe results of the study showed a significant increase in the ability of the push-off rhythm after being given jumping step-up training. This increase is related to the increase in strength and explosive power of the leg muscles, motor coordination, rhythmic control of steps, and students' confidence when doing push-offs. Jumping step-up training is also suitable for the characteristics of elementary school students because the movements are simple, repetitive, and safe to do. Thus, jumping step-up can be recommended as an effective alternative plyometric exercise in physical education learning to improve the push-off rhythm and long jump performance of elementary school students.
Jumping Step Up; Rhythm of Push-Off; Long Jump; Elementary School Students; Physical Education
The Relationship Between Meaningful Physical Education and Students' Self-Efficacy
Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PE) learning is not only oriented towards achieving physical abilities, but also towards forming meaningful learning experiences for students. One important psychological aspect that is influenced by these experiences is self-efficacy. This study aims to analyze the relationship between meaningful physical education and students' self-efficacy. The study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample consisted of 219 students from State Junior High School 2 Semarang, State Senior High School 12 Semarang, and State Vocational School 10 Semarang, selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments were a questionnaire on the meaning of physical education, which included the dimensions of enjoyment, challenge, competence, autonomy, and social interaction, and a questionnaire on student self-efficacy, both of which were presented on a Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation test because the data were not normally distributed. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between the meaning of physical education and student self-efficacy (r = 0.251; p < 0.05). This finding indicates that the more meaningful the PE learning is perceived by students, the higher their level of self-efficacy in participating in physical education activities. Thus, the application of meaningful physical education and self-efficacy principles is an important strategy in improving the quality of PE learning, which not only has an impact on physical aspects but also strengthens students' psychological aspects.
Meaningful Physical Education; Student Self Efficacy
Analysis of Physical Activity Motives in Sports Communities in the City of Bandung
Physical Activity has an important role in maintaining the health and quality of life of the community. One form of physical activity participation that is developing in urban areas is through sports communities. This study aims to analyze the motives for physical activity in members of the sports community in the city of Bandung. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional observational design. The research sample was from 90 respondents who were active members of the running, swimming, and calisthenics communities in the city of Bandung. The instrument used is the Indonesian version of the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-revised (MPAM-R) questionnaire which has been tested for reliability. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and the One-Way ANOVA test. The results of the study show that the motive for physical activity of members of the sports community is in the good category in all dimensions of MPAM-R. The ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference in the motive for physical activity between sports communities (p >0.05). These findings indicate that the type of exercise is the main factor in shaping the motivation to engage in physical activity, but the community environment, exercise experience, and individual awareness of the benefits of physical activity have a more dominant role. Thus, the sports community can be an effective means in encouraging participation and sustainable physical activity of the community.
Physical Activity; Motive; Sports Community; MPAM-R; Cross-Sectional
The Effect of Rubber Ball Pair Drills on Volleyball Underhand Passing Skills of Fifth Grade Students
This study aims to determine the effect of the paired training method using a rubber ball on the underhand passing skills in volleyball in 5th grade students of Tanjungharjo Elementary School. The method used is a quasi-experimental design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, where students are given training in underhand passing using a rubber ball and their abilities are measured before and after treatment through a 60-second performance test. This study used a sample of 15 fifth grade students. The results showed a significant increase in underhand passing skills, with an average value increasing from 20.27 to 32.87. Based on the normality test, the data were normally distributed (p>0.05) so that data analysis was carried out using the parametric statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired sample T-Test, which produced a significance value (p-value) of 0.000 (<0.05) so that the null hypothesis was rejected and a significant effect was proven. The rubber ball media provides a sense of security and comfort for students, thereby increasing their courage to practice, while the paired training method strengthens the formation of motor memory through systematic repetition of movements. In conclusion, the use of rubber balls with the pair training method significantly improves students' underhand passing skills and is recommended as an effective learning approach in elementary schools.
Volleyball; Underhand Passing; Rubber Ball; Paired Drill Method
Analysis of The Quality of Dribbling Techniques of Inspire Club Futsal Athletes Based on The Time Take to Complete Tests with and Without The Ball
This study aims to analyze the quality of dribbling techniques of female athletes of the Inspire club based on the comparison of travel time in the zig-zag test with the ball and without the ball as an objective indicator of technical ability. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive – comparative approach. The research subjects amounted to 15 female futsal athletes of the Inspire Club who were selected using purposive sampling techniques. The instrument in this study is in the form of a zig-zag dribbling test with the ball and without the ball, with the main measurement variable being travel time. The data analysis used was descriptive statistics and the Paired Sample T-Test test to determine the difference in performance between the two test conditions. The results showed that the average dribbling time with the ball (19.82 ± 2.96 seconds) was significantly slower than that of the test without the ball (13.07 ± 1.11 seconds). The results of the statistical test found that there was a significant difference between the two tests (p < 0.05). This shows that the ability of athletes to maintain speed when carrying the ball is not optimal. These findings show an imbalance between the ability to run speed without the ball and dribbling skills when carrying the ball. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the quality of the dribbling technique of Inspire Club futsal athletes has not developed in line with the ability to run speed without the ball, so a more specific, progressive, and game-like training program is needed to improve ball possession at high speed.
Dribbling; Futsal; Ball Control; Athletic Performance
Personality Characteristics of University Athletes Based on Gender
This study aims to describe the personality characteristics of university athletes based on the Big Five Personality Traits model and to analyze differences between male and female athletes. This study is expected to provide theoretical contributions in strengthening the application of the Big Five model in the context of university sports in Indonesia, as well as providing practical contributions for coaches and educational institutions in designing psychological coaching strategies that are more adaptive, gender-sensitive, and evidence-based. A quantitative approach with a descriptive-comparative design was employed. The sample consisted of 200 university athletes from student sport units at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, including 100 male and 100 female athletes. Data were collected using the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10) and analyzed through descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests. The results indicate that university athletes exhibit relatively high mean scores across all personality dimensions, with openness to experience showing the highest mean (M = 7.40; SD = 1.41). Inferential analysis revealed a significant overall difference in personality characteristics between male and female athletes (t = 7.264; p < 0.05). Significant differences were also found in extraversion (t = 3.637), neuroticism (t = 2.447), openness to experience (t = 3.250), agreeableness (t = 6.438), and conscientiousness (t = 4.501). This study concludes that personality characteristics of university athletes differ significantly by gender, highlighting the importance of considering gender differences in athlete development and training programs in higher education.
Big Five Personality Traits; Gender Differences; University Athletes; Sports Psychology; Athlete Development
The Relationship Between Sleep Quality as A Determinant of Student Heart Rate Response in Physical Education Learning
Sleep quality is an important physiological factor that plays a role in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular response, particularly heart rate. In students, poor sleep quality has the potential to affect heart rate response during physical activity in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PE) learning. This study aims to analyze the relationship and influence of sleep quality on students' heart rate response in PE learning. The study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational (associative) design. It was carried out at State Vocational School 10 Semarang with a research sample consisting of 120 students (N = 120) who were selected using random sampling techniques. Sleep quality was measured using a score scale of 1–4 (PSQI Questionnaire), while heart rate was measured in beats per minute (bpm), using the Coospo H808S device (chest strap ECG). Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, linearity test, Pearson correlation test, and simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between sleep quality and heart rate (r = -0.267; p = 0.003). Regression analysis showed that sleep quality had a significant effect on heart rate with a contribution of 7.1% (R² = 0.071). These findings indicate that better sleep quality is associated with lower heart rate and a more stable cardiovascular response during PE learning. Thus, sleep quality can be considered as one of the important factors in optimizing physical education learning and student health.
Sleep Quality; Heart Rate; Physical Education
Students' Screen Time Towards Physical Education As an Emotion Regulation
This study aims to analyze the relationship between duration (screen time) and the level of self-regulation in adolescents at the high school level. The increase in penetration of digital technology is often not proportional to students' self-control abilities, so empirical evidence is needed regarding the relationship between the two. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with a non-parametric correlation method. The research sample consisted of 128 students who were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data is collected through questionnaire instruments distributed online through Google Form. Data analysis was carried out using the Spearman rho correlation test. The results showed a significant positive relationship (Very Positive) between screen time and self-regulation with a correlation coefficient of 0.992 and a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) < 0.001. These findings show that the pattern of screen duration use is closely related to students' self-control mechanisms in the field. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening self-regulation as a moderation strategy in regulating the duration of device use to support students' mental health and productivity in the digital era.
Analysis of the Needs of the Psychological Aspects of Rafting Athletes in West Java
Rafting is an achievement sport that is carried out in the open air with a high level of risk, so it requires the physical, technical, and psychological readiness of athletes in facing environmental pressure and teamwork. However, the psychological aspect of rafting athletes has not been fully used as a basis for coaching, and studies that specifically discuss psychological needs in this extreme sport are relatively limited. This study aims to analyze the needs of the psychological aspects of rafting athletes in West Java as the basis for the development of more directed mental coaching. This study uses a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study involved 92 rafting athletes who were actively training and competing in West Java. The research instrument used was the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports–Youth (PSIS-Y). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the level of need of the psychological aspect of athletes. The results of the study showed that the motivation aspect was in the very high category with a percentage of 93.76%. The aspect of self-confidence (89.06%), and mental preparation (84.56%) are in the high category. Meanwhile, the aspects of team emphasis (69.92%), concentration (66.52%), and anxiety (60.14%) were in the medium category. These findings show that rafting athletes in West Java have different levels of psychological needs, with motivation, confidence and mental preparation being the most dominant psychological components. Therefore, improvements are needed in the management of team stress, anxiety, and concentration. The results of this research can be used as a basis for the preparation of mental coaching programs that are in accordance with the characteristics of rafting sports.
Psychological Aspects; Rafting; Athletes; PSIS-Y; Needs Analysis; Mental Coaching
Impact Participation Activity Sport to Composition Body Teenager
The problem with this research is that it is not yet clear how sports participation affects adolescent body composition, especially in terms of body mass index, body fat percentage, and muscle mass. This study aims to analyze the impact of sports participation on adolescent body composition. The study design used a causal-comparative approach with an ex post facto approach. Respondents were 85 students aged 18–21 years at the Indonesian University of Education, divided into two groups: those who participated in sports activities three times per week and those who only participated once per week for one semester. Body composition measurements were conducted using the Savvy Body Composition Analyzer based on BIA technology to obtain body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat index values. The results of the independent samples t-test showed a significant difference in BMI between the two groups (p = 0.002), where the group with a higher exercise frequency had a healthier BMI value. These findings support the importance of regular and structured sports activities to improve better body composition in adolescents, as well as prevent health risks related to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Mindfulness and Burnout: A Correlational Study of Woodball Athletes at the SEA Games 2025 National Training Center
Burnout is one of the psychological problems that athletes often experience due to the high demands of training and competition. This condition can have a negative impact on athletes' performance, motivation, and career sustainability. One of the psychological factors that is suspected to play a role in lowering the risk of burnout is mindfulness, which is the ability of individuals to be consciously and attentively present to current experiences. This study aims to analyze the relationship between mindfulness and burnout in National Training Center SEA Games Indonesia woodball athletes. This study used a cross-sectional correlation design involving 23 woodball athletes who were members of the Indonesian SEA Games National Training Center program. The sampling technique uses total sampling. Mindfulness was measured using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), while burnout was measured using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ). Data collection was carried out indirectly through filling out an independent questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation tests. The results of the study showed that athletes had a fairly good level of mindfulness and the burnout rate was in the medium category. Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between mindfulness and burnout (r= -0.516; P<0.05) with strong relationship strength, and of the 3 dimensions of burnout Emotional & Physical Exhaustion most correlated with mindfulness (r= -.608; P<0.01). These findings indicate that mindfulness is related to burnout conditions in woodball athletes. This study concludes that mindfulness can be one of the psychological factors that play a role in helping athletes manage the stress of training and competition, thus potentially lowering the risk of burnout.